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Labeled Graph — A Mathematical Element by Linfan MAO Pdf
The universality of contradiction and connection of things in nature implies that a thing is nothing else but a labeled topological graph GL with a labeling map L.
How to Label a Graph by Gary Chartrand,Cooroo Egan,Ping Zhang Pdf
This book depicts graph labelings that have led to thought-provoking problems and conjectures. Problems and conjectures in graceful labelings, harmonious labelings, prime labelings, additive labelings, and zonal labelings are introduced with fundamentals, examples, and illustrations. A new labeling with a connection to the four color theorem is described to aid mathematicians to initiate new methods and techniques to study classical coloring problems from a new perspective. Researchers and graduate students interested in graph labelings will find the concepts and problems featured in this book valuable for finding new areas of research.
International Journal of Mathematical Combinatorics, Volume 3, 2016 by Linfan Mao Pdf
The mathematical combinatorics is a subject that applying combinatorial notion to all mathematics and all sciences for understanding the reality of things in the universe. The International J. Mathematical Combinatorics is a fully refereed international journal, sponsored by the MADIS of Chinese Academy of Sciences and published in USA quarterly, which publishes original research papers and survey articles in all aspects of mathematical combinatorics, Smarandache multi-spaces, Smarandache geometries, non-Euclidean geometry, topology and their applications to other sciences.
A thing is complex, and hybrid with other things sometimes. Then, what is the reality of a thing? The reality of a thing is its state of existed, exists, or will exist in the world, independent on the understanding of human beings, which implies that the reality holds on by human beings maybe local or gradual, not the reality of a thing. Hence, to hold on the reality of things is the main objective of science in the history of human development.
Mathematics, the Continuous or the Discrete Which is Better to Reality of Things by Linfan MAO Pdf
There are 2 contradictory views on our world, i.e., continuous or discrete, which results in that only partially reality of a thing T can be understood by one of continuous or discrete mathematics because of the universality of contradiction and the connection of things in the nature, just as the philosophical meaning in the story of the blind men with an elephant.
International Journal of Mathematical Combinatorics, Volume 2, 2017 by Linfan Mao Pdf
Topics in detail to be covered are: Smarandache multi-spaces with applications to other sciences, such as those of algebraic multi-systems, multi-metric spaces; Smarandache geometries; Differential Geometry; Geometry on manifolds; Topological graphs; Algebraic graphs; Random graphs; Combinatorial maps; Graph and map enumeration; Combinatorial designs; Combinatorial enumeration; Low Dimensional Topology; Differential Topology; Topology of Manifolds; Geometrical aspects of Mathematical Physics and Relations with Manifold Topology; Applications of Smarandache multi-spaces to theoretical physics; Applications of Combinatorics to mathematics and theoretical physics.
A Study on Graph Labeling Problems by J. Lisy Bennet ,S. Chandra Kumar Pdf
Graph theory has applications in many areas of the computing, social and natural science. The theory is also intimately related to many branches of mathematics, including matrix theory, numerical analysis, probability, topology and combinatory. The fact is that graph theory serves as a mathematical for any system involving a binary relation.
Graceful, Harmonious and Magic Type Labelings by Susana C. López,Francesc A. Muntaner-Batle Pdf
Aimed toward upper undergraduate and graduate students in mathematics, this book examines the foremost forms of graph labelings including magic, harmonious, and graceful labelings. An overview of basic graph theory concepts and notation is provided along with the origins of graph labeling. Common methods and techniques are presented introducing readers to links between graph labels. A variety of useful techniques are presented to analyze and understand properties of graph labelings. The classical results integrated with new techniques, complete proofs, numerous exercises, and a variety of open problems, will provide readers with a solid understanding of graph labelings.
International Journal of Mathematical Combinatorics, Volume 4, 2016 by Linfan Mao Pdf
The mathematical combinatorics is a subject that applying combinatorial notion to all mathematics and all sciences for understanding the reality of things in the universe. The International J. Mathematical Combinatorics is a fully refereed international journal, sponsored by the MADIS of Chinese Academy of Sciences and published in USA quarterly, which publishes original research papers and survey articles in all aspects of mathematical combinatorics, Smarandache multi-spaces, Smarandache geometries, non-Euclidean geometry, topology and their applications to other sciences.
MATHEMATICAL COMBINATORICS (INTERNATIONAL BOOK SERIES), Vol.4, 2016 by L. Mao Pdf
In this issue, there are 18 published papers: Paper 1: Smarandache Curves Paper 2: Pseudo Neighbourly Irregular Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graphs Paper 3: Knot polynomials, Alexander polynomial Paper 4: Smarandache Curves Paper 5: Dually Flat Special Finsler Metrics Paper 6: Lft-commutative algebras Paper 7: Finsler space with (α, β)-metric Paper 8: Nonsplit Roman Domination Paper 9: Cayley Graphs of Non-Abelian Groups Paper 10: Fuzzy Semirings Paper 11: Wiener Indices Paper 12: Projective dimension, Betti number Paper 13: k-Metric Dimension of a Graph Paper 14: Radial Signed Graphs Paper 15: Geodesic Irredundant Sets Paper 16: Directed Pathos Block Line Cut-Vertex Digraph Paper 17: Spherical chain Paper 18: Neighborhood prime labeling
Magic squares, their origins lost in antiquity, are among the more popular mathematical recreations. "Magic" ideas have also been applied to graphs, labellings, and trees. Unlike many elusive subjects in this area, the problem for vertex-magic total labelings has been solved, and the details are examined in this volume.
Hilbert Flow Spaces with Operators over Topological Graphs by Linfan MAO Pdf
The main purpose of this paper is to extend Banach or Hilbert spaces to Banach or Hilbert continuity flow spaces over topological graphs and establish differentials on continuity flows for characterizing their globally change rate.
MATHEMATICAL COMBINATORICS, Vol. 4 / 2017 by Linfan Mao Pdf
The Mathematical Combinatorics (International Book Series) is a fully refereed international book series with ISBN number on each issue, sponsored by the MADIS of Chinese Academy of Sciences and published in USA quarterly comprising 110-160 pages approx. per volume, which publishes original research papers and survey articles in all aspects of Smarandache multi-spaces, Smarandache geometries, mathematical combinatorics, non-euclidean geometry and topology and their applications to other sciences.