Labor In Latin America

Author : Paola Revilla Orías,Paulo Cruz Terra,Christian G. De Vito
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2022-01-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9783110759389

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Worlds of Labour in Latin America by Paola Revilla Orías,Paulo Cruz Terra,Christian G. De Vito Pdf

This book reflects the development of Latin American labour history across broad geographical, chronological and thematic perspectives, which seek to review and revisit key concepts at different levels. The contributions are closely linked to the most recent trends in Global Labour History and in turn, they enrich those trends. Here, authors from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico, Peru and Spain take a historical and sociological perspective and analyse a series of problems relating to labour relations. The chapters weave together different periods of Latin American colonial and republican history from the vice-royalties of New Spain (now Mexico) and Peru, the Royal Audiencia de Charcas (now Bolivia), Argentina and Uruguay (former vice-royalty of Río de La Plata) and Chile (former Capitanía General).

Author : Paul W. Posner,Viviana Patroni,Jean François Mayer
Publisher : University Press of Florida
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2018-08-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9781683400561

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Labor Politics in Latin America by Paul W. Posner,Viviana Patroni,Jean François Mayer Pdf

In recent decades, Latin American countries have sought to modernize their labor market institutions to remain competitive in the face of increasing globalization. This book evaluates the impact of such neoliberal reforms on labor movements and workers’ rights in the region through comparative analyses of labor politics in Chile, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela. Using these five key cases, the authors assess the capacity of workers and working-class organizations to advance their demands and bring about a more just distribution of economic gains in an era in which capital has reasserted its power on a global scale. In particular, their findings challenge the purported benefits of labor market flexibility—the freedom of employers to adjust their workforces as needed—which has been touted as a way to reduce income inequality and unemployment. In-depth case studies show how flexibilization as well as privatization, trade liberalization, and economic deregulation have undermined organized labor in all of these countries, leading to the current internal fragmentation of unions and their inability to promote counterreforms or increase collective bargaining. This assessment concludes that even with substantial variation among countries in how reforms have been implemented, most workers in the region have experienced increasing precarity, informal employment, and weaker labor movements. This book provides vital insights into whether these movements have the potential to regain influence and represent working people’s interests effectively in the future.

Author : Charles Bergquist
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:987166075

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Labor in Latin America by Charles Bergquist Pdf

Author : Charles W. Bergquist
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 397 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Labor
ISBN : 0824507487

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Labor in Latin America by Charles W. Bergquist Pdf

Author : Matthew E. Carnes
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2014-08-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9780804792424

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Continuity Despite Change by Matthew E. Carnes Pdf

As the dust settles on nearly three decades of economic reform in Latin America, one of the most fundamental economic policy areas has changed far less than expected: labor regulation. To date, Latin America's labor laws remain both rigidly protective and remarkably diverse. Continuity Despite Change develops a new theoretical framework for understanding labor laws and their change through time, beginning by conceptualizing labor laws as comprehensive systems or "regimes." In this context, Matthew Carnes demonstrates that the reform measures introduced in the 1980s and 1990s have only marginally modified the labor laws from decades earlier. To explain this continuity, he argues that labor law development is constrained by long-term economic conditions and labor market institutions. He points specifically to two key factors—the distribution of worker skill levels and the organizational capacity of workers. Carnes presents cross-national statistical evidence from the eighteen major Latin American economies to show that the theory holds for the decades from the 1980s to the 2000s, a period in which many countries grappled with proposed changes to their labor laws. He then offers theoretically grounded narratives to explain the different labor law configurations and reform paths of Chile, Peru, and Argentina. His findings push for a rethinking of the impact of globalization on labor regulation, as economic and political institutions governing labor have proven to be more resilient than earlier studies have suggested.

Author : University of Chicago. Research Center in Economic Development and Cultural Change
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1960
Category : Corporations, American
ISBN : UTEXAS:059173027860081

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United States Business and Labor in Latin America by University of Chicago. Research Center in Economic Development and Cultural Change Pdf

Author : Ernesto Galarza
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1953
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1025816628

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Labor in Latin America by Ernesto Galarza Pdf

Author : Elizabeth Osborne,Sofía Ruiz-Alfaro
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2020-01-02
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9783030332969

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Domestic Labor in Twenty-First Century Latin American Cinema by Elizabeth Osborne,Sofía Ruiz-Alfaro Pdf

This volume explores the character of the domestic worker in twenty-first century Latin American cinema and analyzes how recent filmic representations of the housemaid question the marginalization of domestic servants, in particular women, by making them the center of their narratives, their families, and society. The essays in this book posit the female domestic worker as an emergent subjectivity, a complex character who problematizes and contests the hierarchical power structures within the family dynamics and new socioeconomic orders found in contemporary Latin America. Readers will find a variety of representations across the continent as well as transnational commonalities of the cinematic figure and role of the housemaid, including the negotiation of a multilayered politics of affection in the framework of prevalent paternalism, and the complex and contradictory dynamic between private and public spaces, where domestic paid labor occupies a central role in maintaining gender, class, and ethnic inequalities.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1995-01-01
Category : Caribbean Area
ISBN : 0821333488

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Labor and Economic Reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean by Anonim Pdf

Over the past decade, most countries in the Latin America and Caribbean Region have stabilized their economies and lowered barriers to international trade. Many of the policies aimed at reducing poverty and tackling inequality in the 1960-1980 period were well intentioned, but the region made little or no progress in improving income distribution. With the recent shift toward market orientation and openness to international trade, these countries will need a new approach to labor policy as well as different instruments for addressing income distribution goals. This report gives special attention to four areas of labor policy: 1) change from direct government intervention in wage determination and strict seniority rules to a system that rewards effort, high productivity, and good management within a framework that relies on voluntary negotiation of working conditions between workers and firms; 2) replacement of job security legislation by a more effective mechanism that protects workers when they change jobs; 3) careful design of mandatory contributions to social security and other programs in order to minimize the distortionary effect of labor taxes; and 4) redirecting of government subsidies for training and education to the demand side and targeting to those who cannot afford to pay.

Author : Kenneth Duncan,Ian Rutledge
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2009-01-11
Category : History
ISBN : 0521093201

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Land and Labour in Latin America by Kenneth Duncan,Ian Rutledge Pdf

There has been considerable controversy amongst social and economic historians, anthropologists, economists, sociologists, political scientists and other specialists concerning the nature and structure of Latin American agrarian society. An increasing number of studies have come to challenge the traditionally accepted view that the backwardness of rural Latin America and its resistance to 'modernisation' are due to the persistence of feudal or non-feudal forms of social and economic organisation. Instead attention has shifted to an examination of the social and economic dislocations resulting from attempts to impose capitalist forms of agrarian enterprise on peasant or pre-capitalist societies. This book of essays by an international group of scholars represents a substantial empirical contribution to the ongoing debate. This book will be of interest not only to specialists in the field, but also to anyone wishing to understand the historical processes underlying contemporary Latin America's complex land tenure and rural employment problems.

Author : Inter-American Development Bank
Publisher : IDB
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1931003505

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Good Jobs Wanted by Inter-American Development Bank Pdf

Annotation There is a widespread perception that the structural reforms implemented in Latin America in the 1990s have failed to spur employment growth. This perception is fueled by rising unemployment, slow wage growth, rising wage inequalities and a heightened sense of economic insecurity. This year's edition of Economic and Social Progress in Latin America investigates whether this disappointing outcome can be explained by an abnormal adjustment to rapid changes in goods and capital markets, increased female participation in the workplace, technological change, and secular changes in the sector composition of output. In particular, the book examines whether there are important demands for change that are being thwarted by inappropriate institutions and rigidities. The report documents unemployment and underemployment, employment creation and destruction, productivity growth, and the wage level and inequality. It includes a CD-ROM with data on labor markets in the region.

Author : Indermit Singh Gill,Claudio Montenegro,Dörte Dömeland
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2002-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821351116

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Crafting Labor Policy by Indermit Singh Gill,Claudio Montenegro,Dörte Dömeland Pdf

Despite success in other areas of economic reform over the past ten years, Argentina, Brazil, and Chile continue to face significant labour policy issues. This volume contains a number of papers which discuss these regional issues with a focus on the period 1995-98. Many of the papers have been co-authored by leading labour economists and are based on work sponsored by the World Bank. The book also includes an introductory chapter which summarises labour market reforms in Latin America since the late 1980's, as well as a concluding chapter which analyses the main results and policy implications for the region.

Author : James J. Heckman,Carmen Pages
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 585 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2007-11-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780226322858

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Law and Employment by James J. Heckman,Carmen Pages Pdf

Law and Employment analyzes the effects of regulation and deregulation on Latin American labor markets and presents empirically grounded studies of the costs of regulation. Numerous labor regulations that were introduced or reformed in Latin America in the past thirty years have had important economic consequences. Nobel Prize-winning economist James J. Heckman and Carmen Pagés document the behavior of firms attempting to stay in business and be competitive while facing the high costs of complying with these labor laws. They challenge the prevailing view that labor market regulations affect only the distribution of labor incomes and have little or no impact on efficiency or the performance of labor markets. Using new micro-evidence, this volume shows that labor regulations reduce labor market turnover rates and flexibility, promote inequality, and discriminate against marginal workers. Along with in-depth studies of Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Jamaica, and Trinidad, Law and Employment provides comparative analysis of Latin American economies against a range of European countries and the United States. The book breaks new ground by quantifying not only the cost of regulation in Latin America, the Caribbean, and in the OECD, but also the broader impact of this regulation.

Author : Xochitl Bada,Liliana Rivera-Sánchez
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 896 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2021-04-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780190926588

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The Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of Latin America by Xochitl Bada,Liliana Rivera-Sánchez Pdf

The sociology of Latin America, established in the region over the past eighty years, is a thriving field whose major contributions include dependence theory, world-systems theory, and historical debates on economic development, among others. The Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of Latin America provides research essays that introduce the readers to the discipline's key areas and current trends, specifically with regard to contemporary sociology in Latin America, as well as a collection of innovative empirical studies deploying a variety of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The essays in the Handbook are arranged in eight research subfields in which scholars are currently making significant theoretical and methodological contributions: Sociology of the State, Social Inequalities, Sociology of Religion, Collective Action and Social Movements, Sociology of Migration, Sociology of Gender, Medical Sociology, and Sociology of Violence and Insecurity. Due to the deterioration of social and economic conditions, as well as recent disruptions to an already tense political environment, these have become some of the most productive and important fields in Latin American sociology. This roiling sociopolitical atmosphere also generates new and innovative expressions of protest and survival, which are being explored by sociologists across different continents today. The essays included in this collection offer a map to and a thematic articulation of central sociological debates that make it a critical resource for those scholars and students eager to understand contemporary sociology in Latin America.

Author : Mr.Antonio David,Frederic Lambert,Mr.Frederik G Toscani
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2019-03-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498302784

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More Work to Do? Taking Stock of Latin American Labor Markets by Mr.Antonio David,Frederic Lambert,Mr.Frederik G Toscani Pdf

We analyze the performance of labor markets in Latin America since the late 1990s. Strong GDP growth during the commodity boom period led to important gains in employment and a fall in the unemployment rate as labor demand outpaced an increasing labor supply. We emphasize the role of informality in the dynamics of labor markets in Latin America. A re-examination of Okun’s law shows that informality dampens changes in unemployment accompanying output fluctuations. Moreover, we present some evidence that countries with higher redundancy costs and cumbersome dismissal regulations, exhibit “excess” informality over and above what would be expected based on their income and educational levels. Labor market reforms could thus contribute to reducing informality and increasing the responsiveness of labor markets to output growth. However, looking at selected case studies of reforms using the synthetic control method, we find mixed results in terms of labor market outcomes.