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Out of print for several years, Labouring Children now has a substantial new introduction in which the author examines the historiography of the history of childhood, particularly in the light of recent literature on sexuality and the post-structuralist critique.
Labouring Children (1980) is a study of child immigrants, based on numerous original sources, and presents new views on childhood, social work and Canadian rural communities. Between 1868 and 1925 eighty thousand British boys and girls, mostly under fourteen, were apprenticed as agricultural labourers and domestic servants in rural Canada. A surprising feature is the involvement of the Evangelicals, who considered that they were giving children from poor homes a fresh start in the world, yet who were otherwise famed for their emphasis on the virtues of close family ties; and conversely, the parents of the children, largely labourers, who were at the time regarded as too ground down by economic imperatives to find time for affection, but who expended a great deal of effort to maintain contact across imposing distances. This book begins with an analysis of the growing child’s place within these families, and looks at the alternating prominence of demands for wage labour and fear of the ‘dangerous classes’ which influenced emigration policy idealism. The demand for child labour in rural Canada and the work of the children is described in an analysis of the apprenticeship system. The book also illustrates how the British child immigrants were household rather than family members in Canada and outsiders in the rural schoolroom as well. As adults they did not generally become farmers but entered factory jobs, service employment in urban Canada, migrated to the US or returned to Britain. Finally, the book discusses the ending of the movement after World War I, as Canadian social workers, echoing British socialists, argued that even the children of the poor deserved fourteen years of growing and schooling before they were obliged to sell their labour. Incorporating much rich documentation from numerous case records, and presenting a new quantitative use of some of those records, this book sheds light on a dark corner of the Canadian migrant experience.
Working with Children and Youth with Complex Needs by Michael Ungar Pdf
Working with Children and Youth with Complex Needs provides a detailed description of techniques and rich stories of how social workers, psychologists, counselors, and child and youth care workers can help young people become more resilient. With ample case studies and fascinating explanations of research, Dr. Ungar shows why we need to work just as hard changing the environments that surround children as we do changing children themselves. Building on lessons learned from clinical, community and residential settings, Dr. Ungar discusses 20 skills that can enhance the effectiveness of frontline mental health services. Along with descriptions of the skills necessary to talk with clients about the factors that put their mental health at risk, Working with Children and Youth with Complex Needs also presents systemic practices clinicians can use in their everyday work. Engaging with children’s extended family, addressing issues of community violence, racism and homophobia, and helping parents and teachers understand children’s maladaptive coping strategies as sometimes necessary are among the many practical strategies that are discussed which clinicians can use to enhance and sustain the therapeutic value of their work.
Child Labour in Britain, 1750-1870 by Peter Kirby Pdf
What kinds of jobs did children do in the past, and how widespread was their employment? Why did so many poor families put their children to work? How did the state respond to child labour? What problems arise in the interpretation of evidence of child employment? Child Labour in Britain, 1750-1870 - Offers a broad empirical analysis of how the work of children was integrated with the major economic and occupational changes of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Britain - Argues that working children occupied a unique position within the context of the family, the labour market and the state - Discusses the key issues involved in the study of children's employment In this clear and concise study, Peter Kirby convincingly argues that child labour provided an invaluable contribution to economic growth and the incomes of working-class households. Consequently, the picture that emerges is much more complex than that portrayed in many traditional approaches to the subject.
Inhabiting 'Childhood': Children, Labour and Schooling in Postcolonial India by S. Balagopalan Pdf
Through a rich ethnography of street and working children in Calcutta, India, this book offers the first sustained enquiry into postcolonial childhoods, arguing that the lingering effects of colonialism are central to comprehending why these children struggle to inhabit the transition from labour to schooling.
Depicting Canada’s Children is a critical analysis of the visual representation of Canadian children from the seventeenth century to the present. Recognizing the importance of methodological diversity, these essays discuss understandings of children and childhood derived from depictions across a wide range of media and contexts. But rather than simply examine images in formal settings, the authors take into account the components of the images and the role of image-making in everyday life. The contributors provide a close study of the evolution of the figure of the child and shed light on the defining role children have played in the history of Canada and our assumptions about them. Rather than offer comprehensive historical coverage, this collection is a catalyst for further study through case studies that endorse innovative scholarship. This book will be of interest to scholars in art history, Canadian history, visual culture, Canadian studies, and the history of children.
Children of the Labouring Poor by Eileen Wallace Pdf
Chronicling the contributions children made towards their families' livelihoods in hard times, this detailed record catalogs the high price children had to pay--sacrificing their health and education--while employed in agriculture, chimney sweeping, straw-plaiting, silk-throwing, papermaking, and brick making in 19th-century Hertfordshire, England. This enlightening history demonstrates that the poor conditions in factories and mills, as well as in household chimneys, contributed to the many diseases and injuries that afflicted these young laborers. While there are examples of innovative manufacturers such as John Dickinson, who built respectable housing for his employees, the overall picture that emerges during this period is one in which Hertfordshire's children arduously struggled to make ends meet.
Centuries of Child Labour by Marjatta Rahikainen Pdf
Most historical studies of child labour have tended to confirm a narrative which witnesses the gradual disappearance of child labour in Western Europe as politicians and social reformers introduced successive legislation, gradually removing children from the workplace. This approach fails to explain the return or continuance of child labour in many affluent European societies. Centuries of Child Labour explains changes in past child labour and attitudes to working children in a way that helps explain the continued survival of the practice from the seventeenth through to the late twentieth centuries. Centuries of Child Labour conveys a richer sense of child labour by comparing the experiences of the Northern European periphery to the paradigmatic cases of Britain,and France. The northern cases, drawing heavily on empirical evidence from Sweden, Finland and Russia, test received ideas of child labour, through comparisons with Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Spain. Presenting the children themselves as the main protagonists, rather than the law makers, industrialists and social commentators of the time, Marjatta Rahikainen provides fresh information and perspectives, offering revelations to readers familiar only with the situation in France and Britain.
Child Labour in Hazardous Sectors by R.N. Misra Pdf
Contents: Child Labour in India: Some Issues, Role of the National Child Labour Project in Berhampur City of Orissa, Child Labour in India: Problems and Perspectives, Child Labour in Transport Sector A Study, Indian Child Labour: Challenges for 21st Century, Child Labour in Southern Orissa A Study, Child Labour in Hazardous Occupation: A Study of India and Orissa, Child Labour in Hazardous Engagements: A Focus on the N.C.L.P. in Bolangir, Study of Child Labour A Close Look, Child Labour: Causes, Consequences and Cure.
Sampling for Household-based Surveys of Child Labour by Vijay Verma,International Labour Office Pdf
As child labour has become an important global issue, there is a constant need for detailed and up-to-date statistics on working children. Statistics and surveys can help determine the extent and magnitude of the problem, identify the factors and reveal its consequences, and generate public awareness of the issue. Child labour surveys include data collected from diverse sources including national population consensus, secondary sources, household surveys and special child labour studies and surveys. Various statistical techniques used for sampling need separate treatment. This manual is concerned with sampling issues arising in the context of household-based child labour surveys. Many techniques discussed in the manual can be useful in the design of more specialized, targeted or sectoral surveys of child labour.
Child labour is a serious and contentious issue throughout the developing world and it continues to be a problem whose form and very meaning shifts with social, geographical, economic and cultural context. While the debate about child labour practice in developing countries appears to be motivated by growing competition in labour intensive products brought about by globalization, studies on this issue are both sparse and lopsided. This important book aims to shed light on this debate by documenting the experience of South Asian developing countries which have experienced rapid income and export growth. Based on evidence from Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, this volume aims to improve our understanding about the link between trade, growth and child labour practices, as well as management of child labour in developing countries.
Describes the various jobs which children performed during the early 1900s, the reasons for employment, working conditions, the efforts of reformers, and child labor today.
Details the possibilities and challenges of intergenerational activism and social movements Since 1976, the Peruvian movement of working children has fought to redefine age-based roles in society, including defending children’s right to work. In The Kids Are in Charge, Jessica K. Taft gives us an inside look at this groundbreaking, intergenerational social movement, showing that kids can—and should be—respected as equal partners in economic, social, and political life. Through participant observation, Taft explores how the movement has redefined relationships between kids and adults; how they put these ideas into practice within their organizations; and how they advocate for them in larger society. Ultimately, she encourages us to question the widely accepted beliefs that children should not work or participate in politics. The Kids Are in Charge is a provocative invitation to re-imagine childhood, power, and politics.