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Author : Tieken-Boon van Ostade
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2023-11-27
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789004653276
Author : Aileen Bloomer,Andrew John Merrison,Patrick Griffiths,Andrew Merrison
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 497 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780415291781
Introducing Language in Use is a comprehensive coursebook for students new to the study of language and linguistics. Written by a highly experienced team of teachers, this coursebook is lively and accessible, interactive and above all produced with students firmly in mind. Drawing on a vast range of data and examples of language in its many forms, the book provides students with the tools they need to analyse real language in diverse contexts. Designed to be highly adaptable for course use, the authors suggest a range of different routes through the book. Introducing Language in Use: covers all the core areas and topics of language study: language, semiotics and communication, grammar, phonetics, words, semantics, variety in language, history of English, world Englishes, multilingualism, psycholinguistics, child language acquisition, conversation analysis, pragmatics, power and politeness, language in education has chapters contributed by John Field and Sushie Dobbinson, expanding the range of expertise adopts a 'how to' approach, encouraging students to apply their knowledge as they learn it presents many examples, drawn from varied domains (including conversation, advertising and text messaging), always giving precedence to real language in use includes activities throughout the text with commentaries, summaries, suggestions for further reading and an extensive glossary of terms features a final unit which offers students further practice in analysing language in use is supported by a companion website, offering extra resources for students and instructors This will be an essential coursebook for all introductory courses in English language, language and communication and linguistics.
Author : Andrea E. Tyler,Mari Takada,Yiyoung Kim,Diana Marinova
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2005-03-23
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 1589013565
Language in Use creatively brings together, for the first time, perspectives from cognitive linguistics, language acquisition, discourse analysis, and linguistic anthropology. The physical distance between nations and continents, and the boundaries between different theories and subfields within linguistics have made it difficult to recognize the possibilities of how research from each of these fields can challenge, inform, and enrich the others. This book aims to make those boundaries more transparent and encourages more collaborative research. The unifying theme is studying how language is used in context and explores how language is shaped by the nature of human cognition and social-cultural activity. Language in Use examines language processing and first language learning and illuminates the insights that discourse and usage-based models provide in issues of second language learning. Using a diverse array of methodologies, it examines how speakers employ various discourse-level resources to structure interaction and create meaning. Finally, it addresses issues of language use and creation of social identity. Unique in approach and wide-ranging in application, the contributions in this volume place emphasis on the analysis of actual discourse and the insights that analyses of such data bring to language learning as well as how language shapes and reflects social identity—making it an invaluable addition to the library of anyone interested in cutting-edge linguistics.
Author : Herbert H. Clark
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1996-05-16
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0521567459
Herbert Clark argues that language use is more than the sum of a speaker speaking and a listener listening. It is the joint action that emerges when speakers and listeners, writers and readers perform their individual actions in coordination, as ensembles. In contrast to work within the cognitive sciences, which has seen language use as an individual process, and to work within the social sciences, which has seen it as a social process, the author argues strongly that language use embodies both individual and social processes.
Author : Joan Bybee
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2003-02-27
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0521533783
A research perspective that takes language use into account opens up new views of old issues and provides an understanding of issues that linguists have rarely addressed. Referencing new developments in cognitive and functional linguistics, phonetics, and connectionist modeling, this book investigates various ways in which a speaker/hearer's experience with language affects the representation of phonology. Rather than assuming phonological representations in terms of phonemes, Joan Bybee adopts an exemplar model, in which specific tokens of use are stored and categorized phonetically with reference to variables in the context. This model allows an account of phonetically gradual sound change which produces lexical variation, and provides an explanatory account of the fact that many reductive sound changes affect high frequency items first. The well-known effects of type and token frequency on morphologically-conditioned phonological alterations are shown also to apply to larger sequences, such as fixed phrases and constructions, solving some of the problems formulated previously as dealing with the phonology-syntax interface.
Author : Joan Bybee
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2010-04-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781139487023
Language demonstrates structure while also showing considerable variation at all levels: languages differ from one another while still being shaped by the same principles; utterances within a language differ from one another while exhibiting the same structural patterns; languages change over time, but in fairly regular ways. This book focuses on the dynamic processes that create languages and give them their structure and variance. It outlines a theory of language that addresses the nature of grammar, taking into account its variance and gradience, and seeks explanation in terms of the recurrent processes that operate in language use. The evidence is based on the study of large corpora of spoken and written language, what we know about how languages change, as well as the results of experiments with language users. The result is an integrated theory of language use and language change which has implications for cognitive processing and language evolution.
Author : Kasper Boye,Elisabeth Engberg-Pedersen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110219173
Addresses an issue hotly debated in the linguistic theory: the relation between language usage and language structure
Author : Patrick Griffiths,Andrew John Merrison,Aileen Bloomer
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 417 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2020-07-24
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781000115680
Designed for introductory students, this collection of key readings in language and linguistics will take readers beyond their introductory textbook and introduce them to the thoughts and writings of many esteemed authorities. The reader includes seminal papers, new or controversial pieces to stimulate discussion and reports on applied work. Language in Use: is split into four parts – ‘Language and Interaction’, ‘Language Systems’, ‘Language and Society’ and ‘Language and Mind’ covers all the topics of language study including conversation analysis, pragmatics, power and politeness, semantics, grammar, phonetics, multilingualism, child language acquisition and psycholinguistics has readings from authorities including Pinker, Fairclough, Crystal, Le Page and Tabouret-Keller, Hughes, Trudgill and Watt, Halliday, Sacks, Mills, Obler and Gjerlow provides comprehensive editorial support for each reading with introductions, activities or discussion points to follow and further reading Is supported by a companion website, offering extra resources for students including additional activities, useful weblinks and advice from the authors Designed for use as a companion to Introducing Language in Use (Routledge, 2005), but also highly usable as a stand-alone text, this Reader will introduce readers to the wide world of linguistics and applied linguistics.
Author : Herbert H. Clark
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 439 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780226107820
When we think of the ways we use language, we think of face-to-face conversations, telephone conversations, reading and writing, and even talking to oneself. These are arenas of language use—theaters of action in which people do things with language. But what exactly are they doing with language? What are their goals and intentions? By what processes do they achieve these goals? In these twelve essays, Herbert H. Clark and his colleagues discuss the collective nature of language—the ways in which people coordinate with each other to determine the meaning of what they say. According to Clark, in order for one person to understand another, there must be a "common ground" of knowledge between them. He shows how people infer this "common ground" from their past conversations, their immediate surroundings, and their shared cultural background. Clark also discusses the means by which speakers design their utterances for particular audiences and coordinate their use of language with other participants in a language arena. He argues that language use in conversation is a collaborative process, where speaker and listener work together to establish that the listener understands the speaker's meaning. Since people often use words to mean something quite different from the dictionary definitions of those words, Clark offers a realistic perspective on how speakers and listeners coordinate on the meanings of words. This collection presents outstanding examples of Clark's pioneering work on the pragmatics of language use and it will interest psychologists, linguists, computer scientists, and philosophers.
Author : Helen de Silva Joyce
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2016-02-08
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781443888424
Over recent decades, linguists have used various theoretical frameworks to investigate the language of the workplace and public institutions, and this work continues to expand into new social contexts. This linguistic research has been used for various applied purposes, including the need to improve communication within organisations and with external clients, customers and patients, and to develop communication and language training programs. Language at Work: Analysing Language Use in Work, Education, Medical and Museum Contexts outlines recent linguistic research in a cross-section of institutions – museums, schools, universities, defence, non-government organisations, universities, hospitals and corporations, as well as Asian-based call centres. The chapters will be of interest to students and scholars of linguistics, language teachers, museum curators, trainers, and educators, in addition to the general reader interested in organisational communication.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Foreign Language Assessment for the U.S. Foreign Service Institute
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 113 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2020-09-19
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780309675482
The United States is formally represented around the world by approximately 14,000 Foreign Service officers and other personnel in the U.S. Department of State. Roughly one-third of them are required to be proficient in the local languages of the countries to which they are posted. To achieve this language proficiency for its staff, the State Department's Foreign Service Institute (FSI) provides intensive language instruction and assesses the proficiency of personnel before they are posted to a foreign country. The requirement for language proficiency is established in law and is incorporated in personnel decisions related to job placement, promotion, retention, and pay. A Principled Approach to Language Assessment: Considerations for the U.S. Foreign Service Institute evaluates the different approaches that exist to assess foreign language proficiency that FSI could potentially use. This report considers the key assessment approaches in the research literature that are appropriate for language testing, including, but not limited to, assessments that use task-based or performance-based approaches, adaptive online test administration, and portfolios.
Author : Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk,Marcin Trojszczak
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 231 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2022-04-06
Category : Education
ISBN : 9783030960957
This present book addresses language and its diverse forms in an array of professional and practical contexts. Besides discussing the intricacies of specialized settings such as legal, medical, technical or corporate, the collection also focuses on the role of education in relation to professional contexts ranging from challenges in professional university teaching and translation didactics to business environment requirements.
Author : M. Paul Lewis,Gary F. Simons
Publisher : SIL International
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2017-05-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781556714207
How does a language community sustain their language in the face of ever-increasing forces of language shift? This volume, both a textbook and a handbook, is the result of ten years of reflection by the authors in light of SIL International’s 80 years of fieldwork in local language communities. Using the Sustainable Use Model detailed here, readers learn how to advise maintaining use of their language at a sustainable level. This could include, not only the level of active literacy, but also levels of orality and identity. The book is aimed at “on the ground” workers involved with a community, to address issues arising from language and culture contact. M. Paul Lewis (Ph.D., sociolinguistics, Georgetown University) did fieldwork in Guatemala, was general editor of the Ethnologue®, and is a Sociolinguistics Consultant with SIL. His research interests are language endangerment, language policy and planning, and language documentation. He has consulted and trained on six continents. Gary F. Simons (Ph.D., linguistics, Cornell University) is Chief Research Officer for SIL and Executive Editor of the Ethnologue®. He was involved in language development in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, co-founder of the Open Language Archives Community (OLAC), and co-developer of the ISO 639-3 identifiers for the world’s languages. "In this clearly written monograph, Lewis and Simons lay the groundwork for those who [work] with members of local language communities, to help them implement diverse activities that most effectively lead to a sustainable level of language use. They build appropriately upon the groundbreaking work that was carried out several decades ago by sociolinguists such as Charles Ferguson, Robert Cooper, and Joshua Fishman." - Adapted from the Foreword by G. Richard Tucker
Author : Michael Barlow,Suzanne Kemmer
Publisher : Stanford Univ Center for the Study
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2000-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 1575862190
How do humans learn how to speak and understand language? For years, linguists have developed numerous models in attempts to explain humans' ability to communicate through language. Historically, these approaches were rooted and restricted in rule-based linguistic representations. Only recently has the field of linguistics been willing to forego formal representations and models to accommodate the usage-based perspective of studying language. Deviating from traditional methods, the contributions presented in this volume are among the first works to approach linguistic theory by developing and utilizing usage-based models. The contributing authors were among the principal leaders in their fields to leave behind rule-based linguistic representations in favor of constraint-based systems whose structural properties actually emerge from usage. The volume begins with an introductory chapter that defines contributors' interpretations of usage-based models and theories of language. The reason for the shift from formal linguistic theories to the gradual acceptance of usage-based models is also examined. Using methods such as Cognitive Grammar, the Lexical Network Model, Competition Model, Relational Network Theory, and Accessibility Theory, the selected works demonstrate how usage-based models evince far greater cognitive and neurological plausibility than algorithmic, generative models.
Author : Hugh Chisholm
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1016 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1911
Category : Encyclopedias and dictionaries
ISBN : UOM:39015015204509