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Large (C> = 24) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by John C. Fetzer Pdf
Polycyclische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (PAHs) gehören zu den ersten Chemikalien, die als krebserregend für den Menschen erkannt wurden. Erstmals werden in diesem Buch PAHs mit mehr als sieben Ringen auf modernem Stand systematisch abgehandelt. Spezielle Kapitel beschäftigen sich mit Probenvorbereitung und -handling; auch ein Vergleich verschiedener Analyseverfahren ist enthalten. Besonders nützlich für den Laboralltag ist ein ausführlicher Anhang mit Strukturformeln sowie UV-Absorptions- und Fluoreszenz-Emissionsspektren von fast 50 Verbindungen.
Combustion Generated Fine Carbonaceous Particles by Andrea D'Anna Pdf
Soot is of importance for its contribution to atmospheric particles with their adverse health impacts and for its contributions to heat transfer in furnaces and combustors, to luminosity from candles, and to smoke that hinders escape from buildings during fires and that impacts global warming or cooling. The different chapters of the book adress comprehensively the different aspects from fundamental approaches to applications in technical combustion devices.
Natural Fullerenes and Related Structures of Elemental Carbon by Frans J.M. Rietmeijer Pdf
Observational, experimental and analytical data show that C60, larger fullerenes, and related structures of elemental carbon exist in interstellar space, meteorites, and on Earth and are associated with meteorite in impact events and in carbon-rich environments such as coals (shungite) and bitumen. The existence of natural fullerenes is at best contested and incompletely documented; realistically it is still controversial. Their presence in astronomical environments can be experimentally constrained but observationally they remain elusive. Fullerenes formation in planetary environments is poorly understood. They survived for giga-years when the environmental conditions were exactly right but even then only a fraction of their original abundance survived. Natural fullerenes and related carbon structures are found in interstellar space, in carbonaceous meteorites associated with giant meteorite impacts (including at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary) as well as in soot, coal and natural bitumen. This book provides an up-to-date summary of the state of knowledge on natural fullerenes occurrences and the laboratory techniques used to determine their presence at low concentration in rock samples. It demonstrates that natural fullerenes exist and should be searched for in places not yet considered such as carbon-containing deep-seated crustal rocks. Natural Fullerenes and Related Structures of Elemental Carbon is written for professional astronomers, meteoriticists, earth and planetary scientists, biologists and chemists interested in carbon and hydrocarbon vapor condensation. It is an invaluable resource for practicing research scientists and science teachers in Earth and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Carbon Science.
Fire Effects on Soil Properties by Paulo Pereira,Artemi Cerdà,Xavier Úbeda,Jorge Mataix-Solera,Guillermo Rein Pdf
Wildland fires are occurring more frequently and affecting more of Earth's surface than ever before. These fires affect the properties of soils and the processes by which they form, but the nature of these impacts has not been well understood. Given that healthy soil is necessary to sustain biodiversity, ecosystems and agriculture, the impact of fire on soil is a vital field of research. Fire Effects on Soil Properties brings together current research on the effects of fire on the physical, biological and chemical properties of soil. Written by over 60 international experts in the field, it includes examples from fire-prone areas across the world, dealing with ash, meso and macrofauna, smouldering fires, recurrent fires and management of fire-affected soils. It also describes current best practice methodologies for research and monitoring of fire effects and new methodologies for future research. This is the first time information on this topic has been presented in a single volume and the book will be an important reference for students, practitioners, managers and academics interested in the effects of fire on ecosystems, including soil scientists, geologists, forestry researchers and environmentalists.
Macromolecular Characterization of Hydrocarbons for Sustainable Future by Uttam Kumar Bhui Pdf
This book discusses the macromolecular characterization of hydrocarbon components and their industrial applications for sustainable future development. It provides efficient integrated solutions and feasible industrial applications for sustainable cleaner and greener future. The book covers recent trends in the use of hydrocarbons such as crude oil, coal and shale, biomass and other carbon materials. Various topics covered in this book include challenges in mature field redevelopment, enhanced oil recovery, optical characteristics of petroleum crudes-surfactants-brine solutions, challenges and issues in processing hydrocarbons, 'coal for future cleaner fuel and chemicals' and 'biomass for fuels and chemicals'. The book is useful for the researchers and professionals working in the area of petroleum engineering.
Handbook of Industrial Hydrocarbon Processes by James G. Speight Pdf
Handbook of Industrial Hydrocarbon Processes, Second Edition, provides an analysis of the process steps required to produce hydrocarbons from various raw materials and how the choice of a process depends not only on technology, but also on external effects, such as social and economic developments, political factors affecting the availability of raw materials, and environmental legislation. This book qualitatively examines chemical processes and plant design by showing the factors determining process structures, including the underlying chemistry, feedstock, product specifications and reactor design. The book also compares the processes for different products based on raw materials and manufacturing processes based on their respective applications. With the addition of useful flowcharts that present an overview of the chemical processes, process design and equipment, this book is a valuable resource to industry professionals on how to understand how hydrocarbons are produced from different raw materials and how to develop an instinct for the right process development strategy. Provides a qualitative analysis of chemical processes and plant design by showing the factors determining process structures Presents chemical processes in an organized, easy-to-read and understandable manner with the use of useful flowcharts and concise descriptions Includes updates on changes in existing technological and chemical processes, as well as possible future improvements or changes to other more economic or more readily available feedstocks
Graphene Chemistry by De-en Jiang,Zhongfang Chen Pdf
What are the chemical aspects of graphene as a novel 2D material and how do they relate to the molecular structure? This book addresses these important questions from a theoretical and computational standpoint. Graphene Chemistry: Theoretical Perspectives presents recent exciting developments to correlate graphene’s properties and functions to its structure through state-of-the-art computational studies. This book focuses on the chemistry aspect of the structure-property relationship for many fascinating derivatives of graphene; various properties such as electronic structure, magnetism, and chemical reactivity, as well as potential applications in energy storage, catalysis, and nanoelectronics are covered. The book also includes two chapters with significant experimental portions, demonstrating how deep insights can be obtained by joint experimental and theoretical efforts. Topics covered include: Graphene ribbons: Edges, magnetism, preparation from unzipping, and electronic transport Nanographenes: Properties, reactivity, and synthesis Clar sextet rule in nanographene and graphene nanoribbons Porous graphene, nanomeshes, and graphene-based architecture and assemblies Doped graphene: Theory, synthesis, characterization and applications Mechanisms of graphene growth in chemical vapor deposition Surface adsorption and functionalization of graphene Conversion between graphene and graphene oxide Applications in gas separation, hydrogen storage, and catalysis Graphene Chemistry: Theoretical Perspectives provides a useful overview for computational and theoretical chemists who are active in this field and those who have not studied graphene before. It is also a valuable resource for experimentalist scientists working on graphene and related materials, who will benefit from many concepts and properties discussed here.
New Trends in Coal Conversion by Isabel Suarez-Ruiz,Fernando Rubiera,Maria Antonia Diez Pdf
New Trends in Coal Conversion: Combustion, Gasification, Emissions, and Coking covers the latest advancements in coal utilization, including coal conversion processes and mitigation of environmental impacts, providing an up-to-date source of information for a cleaner and more environmentally friendly use of coal, with a particular emphasis on the two biggest users of coal—utilities and the steel industry. Coverage includes recent advances in combustion co-firing, gasification, and on the minimization of trace element and CO2 emissions that is ideal for plant engineers, researchers, and quality control engineers in electric utilities and steelmaking. Other sections cover new advances in clean coal technologies for the steel industry, technological advances in conventional by-products, the heat-recovery/non-recovering cokemaking process, and the increasing use of low-quality coals in coking blends. Readers will learn how to make more effective use of coal resources, deliver higher productivity, save energy and reduce the environmental impact of their coal utilization. Provides the current state-of-the-art and ongoing activities within coal conversion processes, with an emphasis on emerging technologies for the reduction of CO2 and trace elements Discusses innovations in cokemaking for improved efficiency, energy savings and reduced environmental impact Include case studies and examples throughout the book
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Structure Index by Lane C. Sander,Stephen Albert Wise Pdf
"NIST Special Publication 922 "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Structure Index" is presented as an aid in the identification of the chemical structures and nomenclature of 660 common (and not so common) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This electronic version of the Structure Index allows you to browse or search to display name(s), chemical structures, Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Registry numbers, molecular weights, and molecular descriptors. The database may be searched by name and/or molecular weight."--Home page.
Cleaner Combustion by Frédérique Battin-Leclerc,John M. Simmie,Edward Blurock Pdf
This overview compiles the on-going research in Europe to enlarge and deepen the understanding of the reaction mechanisms and pathways associated with the combustion of an increased range of fuels. Focus is given to the formation of a large number of hazardous minor pollutants and the inability of current combustion models to predict the formation of minor products such as alkenes, dienes, aromatics, aldehydes and soot nano-particles which have a deleterious impact on both the environment and on human health. Cleaner Combustion describes, at a fundamental level, the reactive chemistry of minor pollutants within extensively validated detailed mechanisms for traditional fuels, but also innovative surrogates, describing the complex chemistry of new environmentally important bio-fuels. Divided into five sections, a broad yet detailed coverage of related research is provided. Beginning with the development of detailed kinetic mechanisms, chapters go on to explore techniques to obtain reliable experimental data, soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, mechanism reduction and uncertainty analysis, and elementary reactions. This comprehensive coverage of current research provides a solid foundation for researchers, managers, policy makers and industry operators working in or developing this innovative and globally relevant field.
Author : Larry M. Miller,J. David Pinkston,Larry T. Taylor Publisher : John Wiley & Sons Page : 416 pages File Size : 48,7 Mb Release : 2019-11-05 Category : Science ISBN : 9781119625995
Modern Supercritical Fluid Chromatography by Larry M. Miller,J. David Pinkston,Larry T. Taylor Pdf
Explains why modern supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is the leading "green" analytical and purification separations technology. Modern supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is the leading method used to analyze and purify chiral and achiral chemical compounds, many of which are pharmaceuticals, pharmaceutical candidates, and natural products including cannabis-related compounds. This book covers current SFC instrumentation as it relates to greater robustness, better reproducibility, and increased analytical sensitivity. Modern Supercritical Fluid Chromatography: Carbon Dioxide Containing Mobile Phases covers the history, instrumentation, method development and applications of SFC. The authors provided readers with an overview of analytical and preparative SFC equipment, stationary phases, and mobile phase choices. Topics covered include: Milestones of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography; Physical Properties of Supercritical Fluids; Instrumentation for SFC; Detection in SFC; Achiral SFC Method Development; Chiral SFC Method Development; and Preparative Scale SFC. The book also includes highlights of modern applications of SFC in the final chapters—namely pharmaceuticals, consumer products, foods, polymers, petroleum-related mixtures, and cannabis—and discusses the future of SFC. Provides a clear explanation of the physical and chemical properties of supercritical fluids, which gives the reader a better understanding of the basis for improved performance in SFC compared to HPLC and GC Describes the advantages of SFC as a green alternative to HPLC and GC for the analysis of both polar, water-soluble, and non-polar analytes Details both achiral and chiral SFC method development, including modifiers, additives, the impact of temperature and pressure, and stationary phase choices Details why SFC is the premier modern preparative chromatographic technique used to purify components of mixtures for subsequent uses, both from performance and economic perspectives Covers numerous detectors, with an emphasis on SFC-MS, SFC-UV, and SFC-ELSD (evaporative light scattering detection) Describes the application of SFC to numerous high-value application areas Modern Supercritical Fluid Chromatography: Carbon Dioxide Containing Mobile Phases will be of great interest to professionals, students, and professors involved in analytical, bioanalytical, separations science, medicinal, petroleum, and environmental chemistries. It will also appeal to pharmaceutical scientists, natural-product scientists, food and consumer-products scientists, chemical engineers, and managers in these areas.
Analysis and Purification Methods in Combinatorial Chemistry by Bing Yan Pdf
Quality measurement, control, and improvement in combinatorial chemistry Combinatorial chemistry has developed rapidly in the past decade, with great advances made by scientists working on analysis and purification of a large number of compounds and the analysis of polymer-bound compounds. However, formidable challenges lie ahead of today's researcher. For example, high-throughput analysis and purification technologies must be further developed to ensure combinatorial libraries are "purifiable," and "drugable." To this end, Analysis and Purification Methods in Combinatorial Chemistry describes various analytical techniques and systems for the development, validation, quality control, purification, and physicochemical testing of combinatorial libraries. A new volume in Wiley's Chemical Analysis series, this text has four parts covering: * Various approaches to monitoring reactions on solid support and optimizing reactions for library synthesis * High-throughput analytical methods used to analyze the quality of libraries * High-throughput purification techniques * Analytical methods applied in post-synthesis and post-purification stages Drawing from the contributions of respected experts in combinatorial chemistry, this comprehensive book provides coverage of applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) technologies, as well as other analytical techniques. This eminently useful volume is an essential addition to the library of students and researchers studying or working in analytical chemistry, combinatorial chemistry, medicinal chemistry, organic chemistry, biotechnology, biochemistry, or biophysics.
Introduces the reader to Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs), their isolation method and analysis, and commercially available platforms Presents the historical perspective and the overview of the field of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) Discusses the state-of-art methods for CTC isolation, ranging from the macro- to micro-scale, from positive concentration to negative depletion, and from biological-property-enabled to physical-property-based approaches Details commercially available CTC platforms Describes post-isolation analysis and clinical translation Provides a glossary of scientific terms related to CTCs
