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Liberia: America's Footprint in Africa by Jesse N. Mongrue M. Ed Pdf
The history of Liberia and the United States are closely tied together, but few people have taken the necessary steps to understand the complicated relationship between the two countries. Liberia: America's Footprint in Africa traces the history of an African nation whose fate is closely tied to an uprising of slaves that began on the island that is now Haiti. The violence there caused people in the United States to wonder about the future of slavery and blacks in their own nation. In this detailed history written by a Liberian educator, you'll discover: - how the American Colonization Society played a critical role in the creation of Liberia; - how courageous blacks living in the United States persevered in seeking freedom; - how Liberia is culturally, socially, and politically connected to the United States. Discover the rich history of two nations and why Liberia remains relevant today. Enriched with interviews of scholars, Liberian community elders and detailed research, Liberia: America's Footprint in Africa is a step-by-step account of an overlooked country.
This work is a general introduction to Liberia. It is comprehensive in scope covering a wide range of subjects from a historical and contemporary perspective. It is intended for members of the general public. But some members of the academic community may also find this work to be useful in their fields. Subjects covered include an overview of the country and its geography including all the regions - known as counties - and the different ethnic groups who live there. The work is also a historical study of Liberia since the founding of the country by freed black American slaves. One of the subjects covered in the book is the conflicts - including wars - the new black American settlers had with the indigenous people. The freed slaves who, together with their descendants, came to be known as Americo-Liberians, dominated the country and excluded the indigenous people from the government and other areas of national life for almost 160 years until the Americo-Liberian rulers were overthrown in a military coup in 1980. It was one of the bloodiest military coups in modern African history. The soldiers who overthrew the government were members of native tribes and were hailed as liberators by the indigenous people who had been dominated and had suffered discrimination at the hands of Americo-Liberians throughout the nation's history. Some of them were even sold into slavery in Panama by the Americo-Liberian rulers in the 1930s, prompting an investigation of the labour scandal by the League of Nations. Others were forced to work on various projects within Liberia itself and became virtual slaves in their own country. Americo-Liberians saw the natives as inferior to them and treated them that way. The mistreatment of the members of native tribes by the Americo-Liberians was one of the main reasons native soldiers of the Liberian army decided to overthrow the government. The book also covers the Liberian civil war which destroyed the country in the 1990s and early 2000s, a conflict which also had historical roots. The conflict is attributed to the inequalities between Americo-Liberians and the indigenous people which existed throughout the nation's history. But its immediate cause was the brutalities Liberians suffered under the military rulers who overthrew the Americo-Liberian-dominated government. Another major subject covered in the book is the ethnic composition of Liberia. The work looks at all the ethnic groups in the country and their home regions - counties - as well as their cultures, providing a comprehensive picture of life in contemporary times in Africa's oldest republic. The national culture of Liberia in general is also another subject addressed in the book. The author has also addressed another very important subject: indigenous forms of writing invented by the members of different tribes or ethnic groups in Liberia. The indigenous scripts are a major contribution to civilisation and Liberia stands out among all the countries on the African continent as the country which has the largest number of these forms of writing. People going to Liberia for the first time, and anybody else who wants to learn about this African country, may find this work to be useful.
According to the author, Liberia's story begins not in Africa but in the United States and its struggle to deal with the race problem. A fast growing black population, both slave and free, coupled with slave uprisings, spread near paranoia in some areas. It also strengthened the resolve of many Americans who were intent on abolishing slavery and for a number of them wanting to bring Christianity and "civilization" to the entire continent of Africa. Most of this country's leaders (including President Abraham Lincoln) saw the answer to these problems in colonization. The colony would be Liberia. Reese begins his chronicle with the story of a remarkable individual, a mulatto named Paul Cuffe, born on a tiny island off the coast of Massachusetts, who can be said to be the "spiritual father" of Liberia.The author details the rise of the idea of colonization, creation of the American Colonization Society, and the society's quest to find a home for the colony. He traces the birth Of Liberia in 1821, and its progression from colony (although never formally declared as such by the United States) to commonwealth to Africa's first independent republic in 1847. It was a progression marked by deadly fevers, threats of starvation, and clashes and wars with the native Africans. The author moves on to chart the vicissitudes of the republic as it grappled with financial crises, tribal wars, scandals, accusations of slavery, and the emergence of a society based on inequality and discrimination. Not to mention fending off the rapacious advances of European powers in their "scramble for Africa." The last several chapters center on William Tubman's twenty-seven-year presidency, the iron ore-fueled economic bonanza and resultant "growth without development," the mounting unrest against the long-term rule of the America-Liberian colonists, and its conclusion in the bloody military coup in 1980. Reese in closing points out that the end of Americo-Liberian 130 year-old dominance over the vastly larger native African population fired hopes for a better future. A new constitution was adopted, and the new regime held elections. But the country still would have to endure two decades of brutal rule, of warring tribes and military factions, a devastating civil war, and an Ebola epidemic of epic severity before the future brightened at all. With the election of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Africa's first female head of state, followed by the democratic election of her successor as president, one can hope that America's African step child, having suffered a painfully uncertain childhood, will now emerge as a mature, diverse nation ready to take its rightful place in the family of nations. The book's approach to telling Liberia's history is different from most histories. It includes healthy doses of socioeconomic and cultural discussions and biographical sketches of important figures in Liberia's history. Some such as Robert F. Stockton and Marcus Garvey are not generally associated with Liberia. The firsthand accounts from unpublished diaries, long-out of print books, and newspapers and other periodicals can be fascinating--- especially those of the battles between the settlers and natives and the interactions of the missionary-minded founders and the tribal "kings" (chiefs). An entire chapter is devoted To Benjamin Anderson's observations on his epic 1868 explorations.Finally, Reese includes brief background pieces on various subjects in the book (e.g., slavery, Liberia's military, secret societies, etc.) that can be read or skipped depending on the reader's interests.
Liberia, America's African Friend by Robert Earle Anderson Pdf
Anderson presents a concise account of Liberia's dramatic and often stormy history as an independent Negro republic founded on American idealism; a vivid picture of Liberia today; and a shrewd analysis of the opportunities that Liberia offers for enlightened collaboration by American business and government. Originally published in 1952. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.
Leadership in Postcolonial Africa by B. Jallow Pdf
Leadership in Post-Colonial Africa examines the leadership concepts and lessons that emerged during and after the attainment of independence with insightful studies of Africa's first female presidents, gangster elitism, Nelson Mandela, and beyond.
Footprints in the African Sand by Michael Cassidy Pdf
As the nations of Africa shook off the shackles of colonialism and embraced their newfound independence in the 1960s, a singular figure burst into prominence in the tumultuous and expectant atmosphere gripping the continent. A son of apartheid South Africa, Michael Cassidy appeared an unlikely candidate to bring a Gospel message of salvation, reconciliation and hope to a land throwing off the chains of white rule. Undaunted, he forged vital friendships with black heroes such as Ugandan Bishop Festo Kivengere, preaching – and living – a searing message of Kingdom love, grace, justice and non-racialism. Cassidy beat a unique path of Gospel faithfulness by calling Africa uncompromisingly to embrace Christ as Saviour and Lord, while fearlessly challenging oppressors such as the South African National Party to treat all citizens justly. Educated at Cambridge and Fuller Theological Seminary, Cassidy nevertheless operated as a layman, yet graced with the authority to summon the church in Africa to unprecedented gatherings. The Pan African Christian Leadership Assembly in 1976 brought 5,000 Christian leaders from nearly every country to Nairobi to strategize together how to tackle the Great Commission across so vast a space during a time of pain and convulsion. Following the South African Christian Leadership Assembly in Pretoria in 1979, Cassidy helped push the Dutch Reformed Church to declare unequivocally in 1986 that apartheid was a sin. The National Party, now shorn of theological justification, began to dismantle its racist governing apparatus in 1990. Throughout his 55-year ministry, Cassidy saw clearly the glaring need for quality leadership across Africa, and especially as South Africa finally transitioned to democracy. He fostered vital dialogue among top politicians in the run-up to the Beloved Country’s 1994 elections. As the country hurtled toward civil war that year, Cassidy brought in a Kenyan Christian politician who engineered a last-minute negotiated settlement that paved the way for the miraculously peaceful inauguration of Nelson Mandela. As Founder of African Enterprise, Cassidy laboriously built up over five decades what has emerged as the first African-led global partnership impacting a continent of vast untapped potential. Empowering Africans to rise up and call their fellow men and women to embrace Christ and live out the power of the Gospel in every facet of their lives is enabling Africa in the 21st century to realize the hopes that beat so strongly in the hearts of forbears who sought the freedom that only Jesus Christ can offer.
The Armed Forces of Liberia by Preston Varkpeh Pdf
The Armed Forces of Liberia: A Continuum to the Liberian Democracy examines the Liberian security framework and seeks to explore root causes that have shaped the security landscape in the West African nation. The book considers internal and external links in diplomacy, international relations, politics, economics, and public-policy decisions that have dovetailed into the negative employment of security forces. The Natives–settlers divide in Liberia, the early settlers’ government that excluded the Natives, the ushering in of a military regime that brought an end to Americo-Liberian rule, and the mismatches in doctrinal contexts due to failure of the Liberian government to plan for strategic sourcing of military requirements that meet the current and future needs of security in Liberia are major aspects of this research. Simply put, the research aims at creating a correlation between public-policy decisions (or indecision) and military outcomes as well as how these outcomes affect the animal spirit of investment in Liberia for sustained economic development.
In 2007, while researching mountain culture in upstate South Carolina, anthropologist John M. Coggeshall stumbled upon the small community of Liberia in the Blue Ridge foothills. There he met Mable Owens Clarke and her family, the remaining members of a small African American community still living on land obtained immediately after the Civil War. This intimate history tells the story of five generations of the Owens family and their friends and neighbors, chronicling their struggles through slavery, Reconstruction, the Jim Crow era, and the desegregation of the state. Through hours of interviews with Mable and her relatives, as well as friends and neighbors, Coggeshall presents an ethnographic history that allows members of a largely ignored community to speak and record their own history for the first time. This story sheds new light on the African American experience in Appalachia, and in it Coggeshall documents the community's 150-year history of resistance to white oppression, while offering a new way to understand the symbolic relationship between residents and the land they occupy, tying together family, memory, and narratives to explain this connection.
Footprints in Obscurity by Pramudith D. Rupasinghe Pdf
A boy who was longing to discover the imaginary world that conquered his mind when his father was narrating free-time stories reaches the final destination after three decades, breaking frontiers, overcoming diverse hurdles, and thus making the journey an unique and colourful experience. Footprints in Obscurity is an impressive effort by the author in taking the reader on a real-time journey across twenty-nine African countries. Its a story of endurance, perseverance and transformation meshed with contemporary African realities, encapsulated in twenty chapters dedicated to carefully selected themes based on the author`s first-hand experiences during half a decade of travels. An unconventional revelation and a true story about Africa, the book also provides a profound psychological insight on how childhood dreams often shape one`s adult life.
Footprints of Black Louisiana by Norman R. Smith Pdf
Blacks may have had a hard history on this land of the free. But they have never stepped back or just stayed on the sides while the world continues turning. In their own simple ordinary ways, they have made extraordinary contributions of works that benefitted society until today. In appreciation and recognition of some remarkable Black Louisianians, author Norman R. Smith honors them with the release of his newly published book, Footprints of Black Louisiana. Black men and women are proud of their heritage and they only want a chance to prove their worth to society. The author’s collection unveils a mass of great Black Louisianians and he tells who they are and what they have done to make America a better place. He invites the reader to follow the Footprints of Black Louisiana as he spotlights: Black activist, philanthropists, civic and political leaders, businessmen, educators, religious leaders, musical, visual and literary artists, entertainers, scientists, inventors, medical professionals, and others who have made long lasting contribution to the world. This collection features distinct images of landmarks and significant buildings erected through the efforts of Black Louisianians.
World Regional and Cultural Footprints and Environmental Sustainability by Ebenezer O. Aka Pdf
The book examines the issues of sustainability in general. It addresses various socioeconomic determinants of ecological footprints in different world’s nations, regions, and cultures. Major socioeconomic determinants of ecological footprints are fleshed out using Comparative Model Analysis and rigorous Multiple Regression Analysis. The study exposes the inequitable distribution of the world’s ecological footprints and also heightens the concern about ecological imbalances and overshoots. It explains how sustainable development can be promoted and achieved in regional, national, and local jurisdictions. The study provides information that will likely help various governments and policy-makers determine if a given nation, region, or culture is on a sustainable path. It helps government leaders, planners, policy-makers, and even students of sustainability make a difference in mitigating the effects of various environmental stressors. If this book makes people and policy-makers in different countries, regions, and cultures think globally but act locally, then the objectives are well-served.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on Africa
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on Africa Publisher : Unknown Page : 96 pages File Size : 48,8 Mb Release : 2003 Category : Humanitarian assistance, American ISBN : PSU:000051628475
Agroecological Footprints Management for Sustainable Food System by Arnab Banerjee,Ram Swaroop Meena,Manoj Kumar Jhariya,Dhiraj Kumar Yadav Pdf
Agroecological footprints are a unique and popular concept for sustainable food system. Measuring and keeping a tab on the agroecological footprints of various human activities has gained remarkable interest in the past decade. From a range of human activities, food production and agriculture are most essential as well as extremely dependent on the agroecosystems. It is therefore crucial to understand the interaction of agroecosystem constituents with the extensive agricultural practices. The environmental impact measured in terms of agroecological footprints for a healthy for the sustainable food system. The editors critically examine the status of agroecological footprints and how it can be maintained within sustainable limits. Drawing upon research and examples from around the world, the book is offering an up-to-date account, and insight into how agroecology can be implemented as a solution in the form of eco-friendly practices that would boost up the production, curbs the environmental impacts, improves the bio-capacity, and reduces the agroecological footprints. It further discusses the changing status of the agroecological footprints and the growth of other footprint tools and types, such as land, water, carbon, nitrogen, etc. This book will be of interest to teachers, researchers, government planners, climate change scientists, capacity builders, and policymakers. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, agroforestry, agroecology, soil science, and environmental sciences. National and international agricultural scientists, policymakers will also find this to be useful to achieve the ‘Sustainable Development Goals’.
