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The period AD300--1050, spanning the collapse of Roman rule to the coming of the Normans, was formative in the development of Wales. This book uses archaeology and other evidence to uncover how people lived in late Roman and early medieval Wales and how their lives changed over time, as well as drawing comparisons with Britain and the wider world.
Land, People and Power in Early Medieval Wales by Rhiannon Comeau Pdf
This study examines the structure of the early medieval Welsh landscape. Using a cantref (hundred) in south-west Wales as a case study, it draws on a multidisciplinary, comparative analysis to overcome the limits imposed by restricted material culture survival and limited written sources. It examines the patterns of power and habitual activity that defined spaces and structured lives, and considers the temporal relationships, both seasonal and longue durée, that shaped them. Four key findings are presented. Firstly, that key areas of early medieval life - agriculture, tribute-payment, legal processes and hunting - were structured by a longstanding seasonal patterning that is preserved in twelfth- and thirteenth-century Welsh law, church and well dedications and fair dates. Secondly it presents, at cantref level, the first systematic survey of assembly site evidence in Wales, and sets it in comparative context. Thirdly, it demonstrates that, though poor material culture preservation and limited written records have hitherto restricted identification and characterisation of key locations in the early medieval Welsh landscape, a multidisciplinary dataset allows effective identification of focal zones through indicators known from other areas of north-west Europe. Fourthly, the widely-used 'multiple estate model' is found to be an inadequate descriptor of the early medieval Welsh landscape. An alternative approach is proposed. Methodologically, it demonstrates the value of a multidisciplinary approach, especially the systematic use of place-names which is novel in a Welsh context. It also provides key resources for other researchers by geolocating pre-1700 place-names from a previously published survey; creating GIS resources (polygons and geolocated databases) from the 1840s tithe map and schedules for parishes in its detailed case study areas; and providing a geolocated database of 16th-century demesne and Welsh-law landholdings in the cantref.
Research for and the writing of this book was funded by the award of a Leverhulme Trust Major Research Fellowship. The period c. AD300--1050, spanning the collapse of Roman rule to the coming of the Normans, was formative in the development of Wales. Life in Early Medieval Wales considers how people lived in late Roman and early medieval Wales, and how their lives and communities changed over the course of this period. It uses a multidisciplinary approach, focusing on the growing body of archaeological evidence set alongside the early medieval written sources together with place-names and personal names. It begins by analysing earlier research and the range of sources, the significance of the environment and climate change, and ways of calculating time. Discussion of the fourth, fifth, and sixth centuries focuses on the disintegration of the Roman market economy, fragmentation of power, and the emergence of new kingdoms and elites alongside evidence for changing identities, as well as important threads of continuity, notably Latin literacy, Christianity, and the continuation of small-scale farming communities. Early medieval Wales was an entirely rural society. Analysis of the settlement archaeology includes key sites such as hillforts, including Dinas Powys, the royal crannog at Llangorse, and the Viking Age and earlier estate centre at Llanbedrgoch alongside the development, from the seventh century onwards, of new farming and other rural settlements. Consideration is given to changes in the mixed farming economy reflecting climate deterioration and a need for food security, as well as craft working and the roles of exchange, display, and trade reflecting changing outside contacts. At the same time cemeteries and inscribed stones, stone sculpture and early church sites chart the course of conversion to Christianity, the rise of monasticism, and the increasing power of the Church. Finally, discussion of power and authority analyses emerging evidence for sites of assembly, the rise of Mercia, and increasing English infiltration, together with the significance of Offa's and Wat's Dykes, and the Viking impact. Throughout the evidence is placed within a wider context enabling comparison with other parts of Britain and Ireland and, where appropriate, with other parts of Europe to see broader trends, including the impacts of climate, economic, and religious change.
Land, People and Power in Early Medieval Wales by Rhiannon Comeau Pdf
This is a study of the seasonal activity cycles of a pre-urban society, examined through the lens of an early medieval Welsh case study. It considers the patterns of power and habitual activity that defined spaces and structured lives. Key areas of early medieval life - agriculture, tribute-payment, legal processes and hunting - are shown to share a longstanding seasonal patterning that is preserved in medieval Welsh law, church and well dedications, and fair dates.
Celtic Christianity in Early Medieval Wales by Oliver Davies Pdf
This first full-length theological study of sources from early medieval Wales traces common Celtic features in early Welsh religious literature. The author explores the origins of the earliest Welsh tradition in the fusion of Celtic primal religion with primitive Christianity, and traces some considerable Irish influence. These specific Celtic spiritual emphases are examined in the religious poetry of the Black Book of Carmarthen, the Book of Taliesin and the Poets of the Princes, and in prose texts such as The Food of the Soul and the Life of Beuno. Many of these Welsh texts appear here in English translation for the first time.
Author : Helen Fulton Publisher : University of Wales Press Page : 352 pages File Size : 51,9 Mb Release : 2012-05-15 Category : History ISBN : 9780708323526
Urban Culture in Medieval Wales by Helen Fulton Pdf
This collection of twelve essays describes aspects of town life in medieval Wales, from the way people lived and worked to how they spent their leisure time. Drawing on evidence from historical records, archaeology and literature, twelve leading scholars outline the diversity of town life and urban identity in medieval Wales. While urban histories of Wales have charted the economic growth of towns in post-Norman Wales, much less has been written about the nature of urban culture in Wales. This book fills in some of the gaps about how people lived in towns and the kinds of cultural experience which helped to construct a Welsh urban identity.
History and Identity in Early Medieval Wales by Rebecca Thomas Pdf
Crucial texts from ninth- and tenth-century Wales analysed to show their key role in identify formation. WINNER OF THE FRANCIS JONES PRIZE 2022 Early medieval writers viewed the world as divided into gentes ("peoples"). These were groups that could be differentiated from each other according to certain characteristics - by the language they spoke or the territory they inhabited, for example. The same writers played a key role in deciding which characteristics were important and using these to construct ethnic identities. This book explores this process of identity construction in texts from early medieval Wales, focusing primarily on the early ninth-century Latin history of the Britons (Historia Brittonum), the biography of Alfred the Great composed by the Welsh scholar Asser in 893, and the tenth-century vernacular poem Armes Prydein Vawr ("The Great Prophecy of Britain"). It examines how these writers set about distinguishing between the Welsh and the other gentes inhabiting the island of Britain through the use of names, attention to linguistic difference, and the writing of history and origin legends. Crucially important was the identity of the Welsh as Britons, the rightful inhabitants of the entirety of Britain; its significance and durability are investigated, alongside its interaction with the emergence of an identity focused on the geographical unit of Wales.
The Welsh and the Medieval World by Patricia Skinner Pdf
How did the Welsh travel beyond their geographical borders in the Middle Ages? What did they do, what did they take with them in their baggage, and what did they bring back? This book seeks for the first time to capture the medieval Welsh on the move, and core to its purpose is the exploration of identity within and outside the Welsh territories – particularly since ‘Welsh’ may have become a fluid term to describe a stranger, often pejoratively. The contributors also seek to explore the nature of ‘Welsh history’ as a discipline. How can a consideration of the Welsh abroad draw upon wider paradigms of nationhood, diaspora and colonisation; economic migration; gender relations; and the pursuit of educational, religious and cultural opportunities? Is there anything specifically ‘Welsh’ about the experiences of medieval migrants and correspondents? And what can the medieval experience of Welsh people exploring the then known world contribute to the longer-term history of emigration and exchange? Examining archaeological, historical and literary evidence together, this book enables a better understanding of the ways in which people from Wales interacted with and understood their near and distant neighbours.
Landscape and Settlement in Medieval Wales by Nancy Edwards Pdf
Recent research and fieldwork on the settlement and landscape of Medieval Wales presented at the 1994 meeting of the Welsh Archaeological Congress is here set down for all to read. The contributions are: Landscape and settlement (Nancy Edwards); Wetland reclamation on the Gwent levels (Stephen Rippon); Landscape of Gwent and the Marches as seen through the Charters (C Hurley); The royal courts of the Welsh princes in Gwynedd, AD 400-1283 (David Longley); The locations of the royal courts of 13th century Gwynedd (N Johnston); Aerial photography and historic landscape on the Great Orme, Llandudno (M Aris); Place-names and vegetation history as a key to understanding settlement in the Conwy Valley (D Hooke); Transhumance and settlement on the Welsh uplands: A view from the Black Mountain (A Ward); Historic settlement surveys in Clwyd and Powys (Robert Silvester); Post-conquest and pre-conquest villages in Pembrokeshire (J Kissock); Small boroughs in south-west Wales (K Murphy); New Radnor: the topography of a planned town (R J Silvester); Medieval Wales: a summing up (Christopher Dyer).
Patterns of Power in Early Wales by Wendy Davies Pdf
Power in Wales in the early middle ages was inextricably tied to political authority. This book analyzes the nature of that power and its relationships, both in theory and in practice. Confronting challenging questions relating to definitions and consequences of military control, alien settlement, land ownership, and political domination, Davies analyzes the impact and nature of English, Irish, and Viking contacts with the Welsh, and assesses their significance for the long-term development of Wales.
Author : Ralph A. Griffiths,Phillipp R. Schofield Publisher : University of Wales Press Page : 284 pages File Size : 49,8 Mb Release : 2011-12-15 Category : History ISBN : 9780708324479
Wales and the Welsh in the Middle Ages by Ralph A. Griffiths,Phillipp R. Schofield Pdf
This is a major contribution to the study of medieval Wales by a group of outstanding British historians, writing in honour of one of Wales's most distinguished scholars and the biographer of Prince Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. The essays reflect exciting trends in the study of both Wales and the Middle Ages, including church building, chronicle writing, the comparative history of the law, valuable reassessments of town life and the implications of the Edwardian conquest of Wales.
Welsh History in the Early Middle Ages by Wendy Davies Pdf
This volume brings together Wendy Davies's pioneering early studies on the text of the Book of Llan Dâv and later pieces which explore the place of Wales in the wider world of the early middle ages. The Llandaff studies deal with arguably the most significant surviving text for early medieval Welsh history and have provoked much subsequent comment. The later work includes much-cited papers on the Latin charter tradition of the Celtic world and on 'Celtic' women, as well as studies of the so-called Celtic church and of the distinctiveness of Celtic saints - in all of which Welsh evidence makes a particularly important contribution. It also includes recent pieces on the environment and economy of early medieval Wales, which highlight some of the crucial new evidence provided by archaeology.
