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Author : Shanthi Nataraj
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 119 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2013-12-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9780833083999
This report assesses what evidence exists for the ways in which local air quality could influence local economic growth and how those effects might be relevant to the Pittsburgh region.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2016-06-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264257474
This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the economic consequences of outdoor air pollution in the coming decades, focusing on the impacts on mortality, morbidity, and changes in crop yields as caused by high concentrations of pollutants.
Author : Kirk Hamilton
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 30 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Air
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
"New research on urban air pollution casts doubt on the conventional view of the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality. This view holds that pollution automatically increases until societies reach middle-income status because poor countries have neither the institutional capacity nor the political commitment necessary to regulate polluters. Some policymakers and researchers have cited this model (called the "environmental Kuznets curve," or EKC) when arguing that developing countries should "grow first, clean up later." However, new evidence suggests that the EKC model is misleading because it mistakenly assumes that strong environmental governance is not possible for poor countries. As the authors show in this paper, the empirical relationship between pollution and income becomes much weaker when measures of governance are added to the analysis. Their results also suggest that previous research has underestimated the effect of geographic vulnerability (climate and terrain factors) on air quality. The authors find that weak governance and geographic vulnerability alone can account for the crisis levels of air pollution in many developing country cities. When these factors are combined with income and population effects, the authors have a sufficient explanation for the fact that some cities already have air quality comparable to levels in OECD urban areas. To summarize, their results suggest that the maxim "grow first, clean up later" is too simplistic. Appropriate urban growth strategies can steer development toward cities with lower geographic vulnerability, and governance reform can reduce air pollution significantly, long before countries reach middle-income status. This paper--a joint product of the Infrastructure and Environment Team, Development Research Group, the Environment Department, and the Global Environment Facility--is part of a larger effort in the Bank to understand governance and pollution"--World Bank web site.
Author : Judith A. Cherni
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 235 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Air
ISBN : 0333794834
Author : Sander M. de Bruyn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789401140683
Is economic growth good for the environment? A number of economists have claimed that economic growth can benefit the environment, recruiting political support and finance for environmental policy measures. This view has received increasing support since the early 1990s from empirical evidence that has challenged the traditional environmentalist's belief that economic growth degrades the environment. This book reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on growth and the environment, giving an in-depth empirical treatment of the relationship between the two. Various hypotheses are formulated and tested for a number of indicators of environmental pressure. The test results indicate that alternative models and estimation methods should be used, altering previous conclusions about the effect of economic growth on the environment and offering an insight into the forces driving emission reduction in developed countries.
Author : Jun Ma
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2016-11-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780231541893
Suffocating smog regularly envelops Chinese metropolises from Beijing to Shanghai, clouding the future prospect of China's growth sustainability. Air pollutants do not discriminate between the rich and the poor, the politician and the "average Joe." They put everyone's health and economic prosperity at risk, creating future costs that are difficult to calculate. Yet many people, including some in China, are concerned that addressing environmental challenges will jeopardize economic growth. In The Economics of Air Pollution in China, leading Chinese economist Ma Jun makes the case that the trade-off between growth and environment is not inevitable. In his ambitious proposal to tackle severe air pollution and drastically reduce the level of so-called PM 2.5 particles—microscopic pollutants that lodge deeply in lungs—Ma Jun argues that in targeting pollution, China has a real opportunity to undertake significant structural economic reforms that would support long-term growth. Rooted in rigorous analyses and evidence-based projections, Ma Jun's "big bang" proposal aims to mitigate pollution and facilitate a transition to a greener and more sustainable growth model.
Author : Susmita Dasgupta
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 30 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1290705232
New research on urban air pollution casts doubt on the conventional view of the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality. This view holds that pollution automatically increases until societies reach middle-income status because poor countries have neither the institutional capacity nor the political commitment necessary to regulate polluters. Some policymakers and researchers have cited this model (called the quot;environmental Kuznets curve,quot; or EKC) when arguing that developing countries should quot;grow first, clean up later.quot; However, new evidence suggests that the EKC model is misleading because it mistakenly assumes that strong environmental governance is not possible for poor countries. As the authors show in this paper, the empirical relationship between pollution and income becomes much weaker when measures of governance are added to the analysis. Their results also suggest that previous research has underestimated the effect of geographic vulnerability (climate and terrain factors) on air quality. The authors find that weak governance and geographic vulnerability alone can account for the crisis levels of air pollution in many developing country cities. When these factors are combined with income and population effects, the authors have a sufficient explanation for the fact that some cities already have air quality comparable to levels in OECD urban areas. To summarize, their results suggest that the maxim quot;grow first, clean up laterquot; is too simplistic. Appropriate urban growth strategies can steer development toward cities with lower geographic vulnerability, and governance reform can reduce air pollution significantly, long before countries reach middle-income status.This paper - a joint product of the Infrastructure and Environment Team, Development Research Group, the Environment Department, and the Global Environment Facility - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to understand governance and pollution.
Author : J. Cherni
Publisher : Springer
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2002-04-19
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781403907134
Judith A. Cherni presents a critical text of interdisciplinary research and a theoretical argued case for analyzing a physical/social problem with a political economic approach. The author identifies the convergence of global economic growth trends and the localization of environmental and health risks. Backed by scientific findings, she challenges the exclusive use of the natural sciences for explanation. Drawing also on participatory knowledge of local residents, she uses an original database of a large household survey in Houston, US.
Author : Mohamed Khallaf
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2011-09-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789533075280
This book aims to strengthen the knowledge base dealing with Air Pollution. The book consists of 21 chapters dealing with Air Pollution and its effects in the fields of Health, Environment, Economy and Agricultural Sources. It is divided into four sections. The first one deals with effect of air pollution on health and human body organs. The second section includes the Impact of air pollution on plants and agricultural sources and methods of resistance. The third section includes environmental changes, geographic and climatic conditions due to air pollution. The fourth section includes case studies concerning of the impact of air pollution in the economy and development goals, such as, indoor air pollution in México, indoor air pollution and millennium development goals in Bangladesh, epidemiologic and economic impact of natural gas on indoor air pollution in Colombia and economic growth and air pollution in Iran during development programs. In this book the authors explain the definition of air pollution, the most important pollutants and their different sources and effects on humans and various fields of life. The authors offer different solutions to the problems resulting from air pollution.
Author : Susmita Dasgupta,Kirk Hamilton,Kiran Pandey
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:931678772
New research on urban air pollution casts doubt on the conventional view of the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality. This view holds that pollution automatically increases until societies reach middle-income status because poor countries have neither the institutional capacity nor the political commitment necessary to regulate polluters. Some policymakers and researchers have cited this model (called the "environmental Kuznets curve," or EKC) when arguing that developing countries should "grow first, clean up later." However, new evidence suggests that the EKC model is misleading because it mistakenly assumes that strong environmental governance is not possible for poor countries. As the authors show in this paper, the empirical relationship between pollution and income becomes much weaker when measures of governance are added to the analysis. Their results also suggest that previous research has underestimated the effect of geographic vulnerability (climate and terrain factors) on air quality. The authors find that weak governance and geographic vulnerability alone can account for the crisis levels of air pollution in many developing country cities. When these factors are combined with income and population effects, the authors have a sufficient explanation for the fact that some cities already have air quality comparable to levels in OECD urban areas. To summarize, their results suggest that the maxim "grow first, clean up later" is too simplistic. Appropriate urban growth strategies can steer development toward cities with lower geographic vulnerability, and governance reform can reduce air pollution significantly, long before countries reach middle-income status.
Author : Matthew E. Kahn,Siqi Zheng
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2019-07-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780691192819
How individuals and the government are changing life in China's polluted cities Over the past thirty years, even as China's economy has grown by leaps and bounds, the environmental quality of its urban centers has precipitously declined due to heavy industrial output and coal consumption. The country is currently the world's largest greenhouse-gas emitter and several of the most polluted cities in the world are in China. Yet, millions of people continue moving to its cities seeking opportunities. Blue Skies over Beijing investigates the ways that China's urban development impacts local and global environmental challenges. Focusing on day-to-day choices made by the nation's citizens, families, and government, Matthew Kahn and Siqi Zheng examine how Chinese urbanites are increasingly demanding cleaner living conditions and consider where China might be headed in terms of sustainable urban growth. Kahn and Zheng delve into life in China's cities from the personal perspectives of the rich, middle class, and poor, and how they cope with the stresses of pollution. Urban parents in China have a strong desire to protect their children from environmental risk, and calls for a better quality of life from the rising middle class places pressure on government officials to support greener policies. Using the historical evolution of American cities as a comparison, the authors predict that as China's economy moves away from heavy manufacturing toward cleaner sectors, many of China's cities should experience environmental progress in upcoming decades. Looking at pressing economic and environmental issues in urban China, Blue Skies over Beijing shows that a cleaner China will mean more social stability for the nation and the world.
Author : Douglas Booth
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2006-06-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134700172
This book presents a new perspective on the link between economic growth and environmental change. All the key issues in environmental economics are covered, including: * industry, creation and environmental change * air, water and toxic pollution * economic growth and the limits of environmental regulation * ethics and the limits of environmental economics. The central thesis is that whilst new industries are necessary for economic growth, their development creates new environmental problems which become difficult to reverse. An alternative approach, 'steady-state economics', based on the concept of ethical commitment, is put forward as a possible alternative to a high-growth, environmentally destructive economy. Providing a welcome alternative to conventional, neoclassical microeconomic thought on environmental issues, this will be vital reading for students of environmental economics and related subjects.
Author : Nemat Shafik,Sushenjit Bandyopadhyay
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 55 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Crecimiento economico
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
It is possible to "grow out of" some environmental problems, but there is nothing automatic about doing so. Action tends to be taken where there are generalized local costs and substantial private and social benefit. Where the costs of environmental degredation are borne by others (by the poor or by other countries), there are few incentives to alter damaging behavior. Trade, debt, and other macroeconomic policy variables seem to have little generalized effect on the environment.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2015-11-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264235410
This report provides a new detailed quantitative assessment of the consequences of climate change on economic growth through to 2060 and beyond.
Author : Muhammad Shahbaz,Daniel Balsalobre Lorente,Rajesh Sharma
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2023-07-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000892857
In response to the damage caused by a growth-led global economy, researchers across the world started investigating the association between environmental pollution and its possible determinants using different models and techniques. Most famously, the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesizes an inverted U-shaped association between environmental quality and gross domestic product (GDP). This book explores the latest literature on the environmental Kuznets curve, including developments in the methodology, the impacts of the pandemic, and other recent findings. Researchers have recently broadened the range of the list of drivers of environmental pollution under consideration, which now includes variables such as foreign direct investment, trade expansion, financial development, human activities, population growth, and renewable and nonrenewable energy resources, all of which vary across different countries and times. And in addition to CO2 emissions, other proxies for environmental quality – such as water, land, and ecological footprints – have been used in recent studies. This book also incorporates analysis of the relationship between economic growth and the environment during the COVID-19 crisis, presenting new empirical work on the impact of the pandemic on energy use, the financial sector, trade, and tourism. Collectively, these developments have improved the direction and extent of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis and broadened the basket of dependent and independent variables which may be incorporated. This book will be invaluable reading for researchers in environmental economics and econometrics.
