Logic Works

Author : Hans Halvorson
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2024-08-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780691211954

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How Logic Works by Hans Halvorson Pdf

A concise introduction to logic that teaches you not only how reasoning works, but why it works How Logic Works is an introductory logic textbook that is different by design. Rather than teaching elementary symbolic logic as an abstract or rote mathematical exercise divorced from ordinary thinking, Hans Halvorson presents it as the skill of clear and rigorous reasoning, which is essential in all fields and walks of life, from the sciences to the humanities—anywhere that making good arguments, and spotting bad ones, is critical to success. Instead of teaching how to apply algorithms using “truth trees,” as in the vast majority of logic textbooks, How Logic Works builds on and reinforces the innate human skills of making and evaluating arguments. It does this by introducing the methods of natural deduction, an approach that teaches students not only how to carry out a proof and solve a problem but also what the principles of valid reasoning are and how they can be applied to any subject. The book also allows students to transition smoothly to more advanced topics in logic by teaching them general techniques that apply to more complicated scenarios, such as how to formulate theories about specific subject matter. How Logic Works shows that formal logic—far from being only for mathematicians or a diversion from the really deep questions of philosophy and human life—is the best account we have of what it means to be rational. By teaching logic in a way that makes students aware of how they already use it, the book will help them to become even better thinkers. Offers a concise, readable, and user-friendly introduction to elementary symbolic logic that primarily uses natural deduction rather than algorithmic “truth trees” Draws on more than two decades’ experience teaching introductory logic to undergraduates Provides a stepping stone to more advanced topics

Author : Amir Ljubović
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004168565

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The Works in Logic by Bosniac Authors in Arabic by Amir Ljubović Pdf

This book provides a historical and comparative study of logic in Arabic in Bosnia and Herzegovina, from the first texts, 16th century, to the end of the 19th century, using authentic, completely unknown and unpublished manuscripts

Author : John Dewey
Publisher : e-artnow
Page : 95 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2017-10-16
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9788027225996

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The Logic of Human Mind & Other Works by John Dewey Pdf

Musaicum Books presents to you this carefully created volume of "The Logic of Human Mind & Other Works". This ebook has been designed and formatted to the highest digital standards and adjusted for readability on all devices. Contents: Psychology and Social Practice Psychological Doctrine and Philosophical Teaching Psychology as Philosophic Method The New Psychology How We Think The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology The Psychology of Effort Creative Intelligence: Essays in the Pragmatic Attitude et al. The Ego as Cause The Terms 'Conscious' and 'Consciousness' On Some Current Conceptions of the term 'Self' The Psychological Standpoint The Theory of Emotion: Emotional Attitudes & the Significance of Emotions The Psychology of Infant Language Knowledge and Speech Reaction Human Nature and Conduct: An Introduction to Social Psychology John Dewey (1859-1952) is one of the primary figures associated with the philosophy of pragmatism and is considered one of the founders of functional psychology. His ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Known for his advocacy of democracy, Dewey considered two fundamental elements—schools and civil society—to be major topics needing attention and reconstruction to encourage experimental intelligence and plurality.

Author : Lorne Falkenstein,Scott Stapleford,Molly Kao
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 666 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2021-11-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000451276

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Logic Works by Lorne Falkenstein,Scott Stapleford,Molly Kao Pdf

Logic Works is a critical and extensive introduction to logic. It asks questions about why systems of logic are as they are, how they relate to ordinary language and ordinary reasoning, and what alternatives there might be to classical logical doctrines. The book covers classical first-order logic and alternatives, including intuitionistic, free, and many-valued logic. It also considers how logical analysis can be applied to carefully represent the reasoning employed in academic and scientific work, better understand that reasoning, and identify its hidden premises. Aiming to be as much a reference work and handbook for further, independent study as a course text, it covers more material than is typically covered in an introductory course. It also covers this material at greater length and in more depth with the purpose of making it accessible to those with no prior training in logic or formal systems. Online support material includes a detailed student solutions manual with a running commentary on all starred exercises, and a set of editable slide presentations for course lectures. Key Features Introduces an unusually broad range of topics, allowing instructors to craft courses to meet a range of various objectives Adopts a critical attitude to certain classical doctrines, exposing students to alternative ways to answer philosophical questions about logic Carefully considers the ways natural language both resists and lends itself to formalization Makes objectual semantics for quantified logic easy, with an incremental, rule-governed approach assisted by numerous simple exercises Makes important metatheoretical results accessible to introductory students through a discursive presentation of those results and by using simple case studies

Author : Harry J Gensler
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 581 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2017-01-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317436102

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Introduction to Logic by Harry J Gensler Pdf

Introduction to Logic is clear and concise, uses interesting examples (many philosophical in nature), and has easy-to-use proof methods. Its key features, retained in this Third Edition, include: simpler ways to test arguments, including an innovative proof method and the star test for syllogisms; a wide scope of materials, suiting it for introductory or intermediate courses; engaging examples, from philosophy and everyday life; useful for self-study and preparation for standardized tests, like the LSAT; a reasonable price (a third the cost of some competitors); and exercises that correspond to the free LogiCola instructional program. This Third Edition: improves explanations, especially on areas that students find difficult; has a fuller explanation of traditional Copi proofs and of truth trees; and updates the companion LogiCola software, which now is touch friendly (for use on Windows tablets and touch monitors), installs more easily on Windows and Macintosh, and adds exercises on Copi proofs and on truth trees. You can still install LogiCola for free (from http://www.harryhiker.com/lc or http://www.routledge.com/cw/gensler).

Author : Erica Chenoweth,Maria J. Stephan
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 451 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2011-08-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780231527484

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Why Civil Resistance Works by Erica Chenoweth,Maria J. Stephan Pdf

For more than a century, from 1900 to 2006, campaigns of nonviolent resistance were more than twice as effective as their violent counterparts in achieving their stated goals. By attracting impressive support from citizens, whose activism takes the form of protests, boycotts, civil disobedience, and other forms of nonviolent noncooperation, these efforts help separate regimes from their main sources of power and produce remarkable results, even in Iran, Burma, the Philippines, and the Palestinian Territories. Combining statistical analysis with case studies of specific countries and territories, Erica Chenoweth and Maria J. Stephan detail the factors enabling such campaigns to succeed and, sometimes, causing them to fail. They find that nonviolent resistance presents fewer obstacles to moral and physical involvement and commitment, and that higher levels of participation contribute to enhanced resilience, greater opportunities for tactical innovation and civic disruption (and therefore less incentive for a regime to maintain its status quo), and shifts in loyalty among opponents' erstwhile supporters, including members of the military establishment. Chenoweth and Stephan conclude that successful nonviolent resistance ushers in more durable and internally peaceful democracies, which are less likely to regress into civil war. Presenting a rich, evidentiary argument, they originally and systematically compare violent and nonviolent outcomes in different historical periods and geographical contexts, debunking the myth that violence occurs because of structural and environmental factors and that it is necessary to achieve certain political goals. Instead, the authors discover, violent insurgency is rarely justifiable on strategic grounds.

Author : Saint Augustine (of Hippo)
Publisher : New City Press
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781565480490

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Teaching Christianity by Saint Augustine (of Hippo) Pdf

Teaching Christianity is the most original book Augustine ever wrote. It is not so much a treatise or scholarly work but an instruction manual on how to teach Christianity. He wrote this how to book for those who would be preaching and explaining Christianity. It is entirely based on the bible and helps the reader express its truths of faith with soundproof methodology. It is a book that will help readers to communicate their message in a clear and effective way. Edmund Hills new translation of Augustines treatise On Christian Doctrine is superb. His early and mature thought on how to understand scripture and how to communicate that understanding to others is set forth clearly and attractively. The translator has shown great discernment in his choice of words and in their placement. This makes for a smooth reading. Extremely valuable are the scholarly endnotes provided after each of the four books. The new title chosen by Edmund Hill, namely, Teaching Christianity indicates that Augustine is here instructing the African clergy, probably the bishops, how to preach effectively to their congregations. The treatise is not focused on doctrine. Sr. Mary T. Clark, RSCJ Manhattanville College President, Society for Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Prentice Hall
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Logic circuits
ISBN : UCSD:31822033517350

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LogicWorks 5 by Anonim Pdf

LogicWorks is the schematic drawing and interactive digital simulation package that has set the standard for demonstrating logic design principles and practices while producing professional results. LogicWorks 5 helps the reader understand the concepts of using these tools in a variety of design situations in electrical and computer engineering and computer science. Features a subset of the industry-standard VHDL language and fully mixes high-level language and structural design methods. Displays any values in a simulation using the preformatted HTML. Simplifies the creation of component simulations. For anyone interested in learning more about digital design, electrical engineering and computer technology.

Author : Jan von Plato
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2017-08-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691174174

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The Great Formal Machinery Works by Jan von Plato Pdf

The information age owes its existence to a little-known but crucial development, the theoretical study of logic and the foundations of mathematics. The Great Formal Machinery Works draws on original sources and rare archival materials to trace the history of the theories of deduction and computation that laid the logical foundations for the digital revolution. Jan von Plato examines the contributions of figures such as Aristotle; the nineteenth-century German polymath Hermann Grassmann; George Boole, whose Boolean logic would prove essential to programming languages and computing; Ernst Schröder, best known for his work on algebraic logic; and Giuseppe Peano, cofounder of mathematical logic. Von Plato shows how the idea of a formal proof in mathematics emerged gradually in the second half of the nineteenth century, hand in hand with the notion of a formal process of computation. A turning point was reached by 1930, when Kurt Gödel conceived his celebrated incompleteness theorems. They were an enormous boost to the study of formal languages and computability, which were brought to perfection by the end of the 1930s with precise theories of formal languages and formal deduction and parallel theories of algorithmic computability. Von Plato describes how the first theoretical ideas of a computer soon emerged in the work of Alan Turing in 1936 and John von Neumann some years later. Shedding new light on this crucial chapter in the history of science, The Great Formal Machinery Works is essential reading for students and researchers in logic, mathematics, and computer science.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : jideon francisco marques
Page : 413 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2024-01-18
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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A Definitive Guide to Logic Circuits and Advanced Circuits Mastering Digital Electronics by Anonim Pdf

Introduction The Aims and Objectives of the Book My main aim in writing this book is to introduce you to the exciting and challenging field of digital electronics. I want to develop your desire and ability to understand how digital circuits work. After reading this book, you should be able to do some or all of the following: • You will understand what TTL and CMOS mean and appreciate their main differences. • You should know what the five main logic gates are and their respective symbols and Boolean expressions. • You should know the basics of Boolean algebra and use it to simplify logic expressions and circuits. • You should know what Karnaugh maps are and how to use them to simplify logic circuits and expressions. • You should know how to implement the 1st and 2nd canonical formats for Karnaugh maps. • You will know how the JK flip flop works and how it was born out of the SR latch. • You should be able to use the JK flip flop and the D-type latch to create a series of counters and different shift registers such as SIPO, SISO, PIPO, and PISO. • You should understand the difference between sequential and combinational logic. • You should be able to use a range of design techniques, that is, state diagrams, transition tables, etc. • You should be able to create a range of combinational logic circuits such as half and full adders, binary subtractors, multiplexers, etc. • You should understand how the 555-timer IC works and how to configure it in a range of different applications such as the monostable, the astable, and PWM. • You should be able to design a range of logic circuits. • You should be able to use the ECAD software TINA 12.

Author : Paolo Rossi
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2000-12-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780226728261

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Logic and the Art of Memory by Paolo Rossi Pdf

The mnemonic arts and the idea of a universal language that would capture the essence of all things were originally associated with cryptology, mysticism, and other occult practices. And it is commonly held that these enigmatic efforts were abandoned with the development of formal logic in the seventeenth century and the beginning of the modern era. In his distinguished book, Logic and the Art of Memory Italian philosopher and historian Paolo Rossi argues that this view is belied by an examination of the history of the idea of a universal language. Based on comprehensive analyses of original texts, Rossi traces the development of this idea from late medieval thinkers such as Ramon Lull through Bruno, Bacon, Descartes, and finally Leibniz in the seventeenth century. The search for a symbolic mode of communication that would be intelligible to everyone was not a mere vestige of magical thinking and occult sciences, but a fundamental component of Renaissance and Enlightenment thought. Seen from this perspective, modern science and combinatorial logic represent not a break from the past but rather its full maturity. Available for the first time in English, this book (originally titled Clavis Universalis) remains one of the most important contributions to the history of ideas ever written. In addition to his eagerly anticipated translation, Steven Clucas offers a substantial introduction that places this book in the context of other recent works on this fascinating subject. A rich history and valuable sourcebook, Logic and the Art of Memory documents an essential chapter in the development of human reason.

Author : Pamela M. Huby,Dimitri Gutas
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789004152984

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Theophrastus of Eresus: Logic [texts 68-136] by Pamela M. Huby,Dimitri Gutas Pdf

In the present volume, the focus is on natural philosophy, apart from the study of living things. Topics covered include the principles of scientific enquiry, place, time, motion, the heavens, the sublunary world, meteorology and the study of materials.

Author : Sir William Hamilton
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 748 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1860
Category : Logic
ISBN : HARVARD:HNUJ2Y

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Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic by Sir William Hamilton Pdf

Author : Jeremy Bentham
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 634 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1843
Category : Electronic
ISBN : BSB:BSB10571195

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The Works by Jeremy Bentham Pdf

Author : James K. Peckol
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2021-07-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781119772637

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Introduction to Fuzzy Logic by James K. Peckol Pdf

INTRODUCTION TO FUZZY LOGIC Learn more about the history, foundations, and applications of fuzzy logic in this comprehensive resource by an academic leader Introduction to Fuzzy Logic delivers a high-level but accessible introduction to the rapidly growing and evolving field of fuzzy logic and its applications. Distinguished engineer, academic, and author James K. Peckol covers a wide variety of practical topics, including the differences between crisp and fuzzy logic, the people and professionals who find fuzzy logic useful, and the advantages of using fuzzy logic. While the book assumes a solid foundation in embedded systems, including basic logic design, and C/C++ programming, it is written in a practical and easy-to-read style that engages the reader and assists in learning and retention. The author includes introductions of threshold and perceptron logic to further enhance the applicability of the material contained within. After introducing readers to the topic with a brief description of the history and development of the field, Introduction to Fuzzy Logic goes on to discuss a wide variety of foundational and advanced topics, like: A review of Boolean algebra, including logic minimization with algebraic means and Karnaugh maps A discussion of crisp sets, including classic set membership, set theory and operations, and basic classical crisp set properties A discussion of fuzzy sets, including the foundations of fuzzy set logic, set membership functions, and fuzzy set properties An analysis of fuzzy inference and approximate reasoning, along with the concepts of containment and entailment and relations between fuzzy subsets Perfect for mid-level and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in electrical, mechanical, and computer engineering courses, Introduction to Fuzzy Logic covers topics included in many artificial intelligence, computational intelligence, and soft computing courses. Math students and professionals in a wide variety of fields will also significantly benefit from the material covered in this book.