Long Run Impacts Of China S Wto Accession On Farm Nonfarm Income Inequality And Rural Poverty

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Long-run Impacts of China's WTO Accession on Farm-nonfarm Income Inequality and Rural Poverty

Kym Anderson,Jikun Huang,Elena Ianchovichina
Long run Impacts of China s WTO Accession on Farm nonfarm Income Inequality and Rural Poverty Book PDF

Author : Kym Anderson,Jikun Huang,Elena Ianchovichina
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Agriculture
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Long-run Impacts of China's WTO Accession on Farm-nonfarm Income Inequality and Rural Poverty by Kym Anderson,Jikun Huang,Elena Ianchovichina Pdf

Abstract: Many fear China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) will impoverish its rural people by way of greater import competition in its agricultural markets. Anderson, Huang, and Ianchovichina explore that possibility bearing in mind that, even if producer prices of some (land-intensive) farm products fall, prices of other (labor-intensive) farm products could rise. Also, the removal of restrictions on exports of textiles and clothing could boost town and village enterprises, so demand for unskilled labor for nonfarm work in rural areas may grow even if demand for farm labor in aggregate falls. New estimates, from the global economywide numerical simulation model known as GTAP, of the likely changes in agricultural and other product prices as a result of WTO accession are drawn on to examine empirically the factor reward implications of China's WTO accession. The results suggest farm-nonfarm and Western-Eastern income inequality may well rise in China but rural-urban income inequality need not. The authors conclude with some policy suggestions for alleviating any pockets of farm household poverty that may emerge as a result of WTO accession. This paper"a product of the Economic Policy Division, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network"is part of a larger effort in the network to assess the impact of China's WTO accession.

Long-Run Impacts of China's WTO Accession on Farm-Nonfarm Income Inequality and Rural Poverty

Elena Ianchovichina
Long Run Impacts of China s WTO Accession on Farm Nonfarm Income Inequality and Rural Poverty Book PDF

Author : Elena Ianchovichina
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1290704023

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Long-Run Impacts of China's WTO Accession on Farm-Nonfarm Income Inequality and Rural Poverty by Elena Ianchovichina Pdf

Many fear China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) will impoverish its rural people by way of greater import competition in its agricultural markets. Anderson, Huang, and Ianchovichina explore that possibility bearing in mind that, even if producer prices of some (land-intensive) farm products fall, prices of other (labor-intensive) farm products could rise. Also, the removal of restrictions on exports of textiles and clothing could boost town and village enterprises, so demand for unskilled labor for nonfarm work in rural areas may grow even if demand for farm labor in aggregate falls. New estimates, from the global economywide numerical simulation model known as GTAP, of the likely changes in agricultural and other product prices as a result of WTO accession are drawn on to examine empirically the factor reward implications of China's WTO accession. The results suggest farm-nonfarm and Western-Eastern income inequality may well rise in China but rural-urban income inequality need not. The authors conclude with some policy suggestions for alleviating any pockets of farm household poverty that may emerge as a result of WTO accession.This paper - a product of the Economic Policy Division, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network - is part of a larger effort in the network to assess the impact of China's WTO accession.

Agriculture and Food Security in China

Chunlai Chen,Ron Duncan
Agriculture and Food Security in China Book PDF

Author : Chunlai Chen,Ron Duncan
Publisher : ANU E Press
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2008-06-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781921313646

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Agriculture and Food Security in China by Chunlai Chen,Ron Duncan Pdf

China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) has had profound consequences for the structure of its economy, and there will many more before the full benefits of an open trading regime will be realised. AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY IN CHINA explains the background to China's WTO accession and links accession to reforms beginning as far back as 1979. The book highlights China's policymakers' decision to move away from protectionism and grain self-sufficiency and illustrates how China's step away from direct participation in the agricultural sector to indirect regulatory involvement and liberalisation could encourage further economic growth. Yet not all economic growth is cost-free. AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY IN CHINA explores the short-term impacts of WTO accession as well as the mid and long-term implications of greater market involvement at an economy-wide and regional level. Growing divides between coastal and inland regions - and differences in rural and urban growth - will require a better understanding of the consequences of greater market dependency. AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY IN CHINA adds to the existing knowledge of China's agricultural growth as well as the impacts and interrelationships between WTO accession and China's participation in other regional free trade agreements.

Labor Market Distortions, Rural-urban Inequality, and the Opening of People's Republic of China's Economy

Thomas Warren Hertel,Fan Zhai
Labor Market Distortions Rural urban Inequality and the Opening of People s Republic of China s Economy Book PDF

Author : Thomas Warren Hertel,Fan Zhai
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : China
ISBN : 9782004121615

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Labor Market Distortions, Rural-urban Inequality, and the Opening of People's Republic of China's Economy by Thomas Warren Hertel,Fan Zhai Pdf

The authors find that reform of the Hukou system has the most significant impact on aggregate economic activity, as well as income distribution. Whereas the land market reform primarily benefits the agricultural households, this reform's primary beneficiaries are the rural households currently sending temporary migrants to the city. By reducing the implicit tax on temporary migrants, Hukou reform boosts their welfare and contributes to increased rural-urban migration. The combined effect of both factor market reforms is to reduce the urban-rural income ratio dramatically, from 2.59 in 2007 under the authors' baseline scenario to 2.27. When viewed as a combined policy package, along with WTO accession, rather than increasing inequality in China, the combined impact of product and factor market reforms significantly reduces rural-urban income inequality. This is an important outcome in an economy currently experiencing historic levels of rural-urban inequality"--Abstract.

China's Rural Economy after WTO

Aimin Chen
China s Rural Economy after WTO Book PDF

Author : Aimin Chen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2019-05-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351161787

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China's Rural Economy after WTO by Aimin Chen Pdf

China's Rural Economy after WTO discusses and analyses China's rural sector problems in detail, including the areas of poverty, income inequality, the gender gap, barriers of rural-urban migration, discrimination against rural workers, poor rural governance and the impact of WTO membership. It also tackles the important subjects of inadequate infrastructure and discriminatory credit services. Strategies to modernize China's rural economy are proposed and the relevant experiences and lessons of other countries are analyzed.

Household Welfare Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization

Martin Ravallion
Household Welfare Impacts of China s Accession to the World Trade Organization Book PDF

Author : Martin Ravallion
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Commercial policy
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Household Welfare Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization by Martin Ravallion Pdf

Abstract: Chen and Ravallion use China's national household surveys for rural and urban areas to measure and explain the welfare impacts of the changes in goods and factor prices attributed to WTO accession. Price changes are estimated separately using a general equilibrium model to capture both direct and indirect effects of the initial tariff changes. The welfare impacts are first-order approximations based on a household model incorporating own-production activities and are calibrated to the household-level data imposing minimum aggregation. The authors find negligible impacts on inequality and poverty in the aggregate. However, diverse impacts emerge across household types and regions associated with heterogeneity in consumption behavior and income sources, with possible implications for compensatory policy responses. This paper"a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group"is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the household welfare impacts of economywide policy changes.

Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of the People's Republic of China Economy

Thomas Hertel
Labor Market Distortions Rural Urban Inequality and the Opening of the People s Republic of China Economy Book PDF

Author : Thomas Hertel
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2008-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781437900606

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Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of the People's Republic of China Economy by Thomas Hertel Pdf

Evaluates the impact of some key factor market reforms on rural-urban inequality & income distribution, using a household-disaggregated, recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model of the People¿s Republic of China. It also explores how these factor market reforms interact with product market reforms currently under way as part of the country¿s World Trade Org. (WTO) accession process. The simulation results show that reforms in the rural land rental market & hukou system, as well as increasing off-farm labor mobility, would reduce the urban-rural income ratio dramatically. Furthermore, the combination of WTO accession & factor market reforms improves both efficiency & equality significantly. Charts, tables & graphs.

The Employment Impact of China's WTO Accession

A. S. Bhalla,Shufang Qiu,S. Qiu
The Employment Impact of China s WTO Accession Book PDF

Author : A. S. Bhalla,Shufang Qiu,S. Qiu
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2003-11-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781134394623

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The Employment Impact of China's WTO Accession by A. S. Bhalla,Shufang Qiu,S. Qiu Pdf

The book explores the macroeconomic and sectoral employment implications (in agriculture, industry and services) of China's World Trade Organisation accession. It argues that while short-run employment losses may occur, in the longer term China will be able to generate additional employment particularly in the tertiary sectors; and that it can maintain its comparative advantage in labour-intensive exports by relocating production from high-cost coastal areas to the hinterland with abundant supply of cheap labour. It also argues that, although China is likely to benefit in the long run, in the short and medium term China is likely to face enormous problems, including increased unemployment as weaker links cease to be protected by tariffs, and the problem of restructuring state-owned enterprises.

Economic Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization

Elena Ianchovichina,Will Martin
Economic Impacts of China s Accession to the World Trade Organization Book PDF

Author : Elena Ianchovichina,Will Martin
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Economic Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization by Elena Ianchovichina,Will Martin Pdf

Abstract: 1 billion) and trade reforms after accession will lead to additional gains of around : Ianchovichina and Martin present estimates of the impact of accession by China and Chinese Taipei to the World Trade Organization. China is estimated to be the biggest beneficiary, followed by Chinese Taipei and their major trading partners. Accession will boost the labor-intensive manufacturing sectors in China, especially the textiles and apparel sector that will benefit directly from the removal of quotas on textiles and apparel exports to North America and Western Europe. Consequently, developing economies competing with China in third markets may suffer relatively small losses. China has already benefited from the reforms undertaken between 1995 and 2001 (US.

Flat World, Big Gaps

United Nations
Flat World Big Gaps Book PDF

Author : United Nations
Publisher : Zed Books
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2007-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 184277834X

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Flat World, Big Gaps by United Nations Pdf

This publication sets out an empirical analysis of the impact of economic liberalisation and globalisation on inequality, poverty and development, including recent trends in economic growth, income distribution and global inequalities, and the comparative experiences of countries that have pursued different economic policies.

Addressing China's Growing Water Shortages and Associated Social and Environmental Consequences

Zmarak Shalizi
Addressing China s Growing Water Shortages and Associated Social and Environmental Consequences Book PDF

Author : Zmarak Shalizi
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : China
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Addressing China's Growing Water Shortages and Associated Social and Environmental Consequences by Zmarak Shalizi Pdf

"China has experienced a wide-scale and rapid transformation from an agricultural based economy to the manufacturing workshop of the world. The associated relocation of the population from relatively low density rural areas to very high density urban areas is having a significant impact on the quantity and quality of water available as inputs into the production and consumption process, as well as the ability of the water system to absorb and neutralize the waste byproducts deposited into it. Water shortages are most severe in the north of the country, where surface water diversion is excessive and groundwater is being depleted. In addition, the quality of water is deteriorating because of pollution, thereby aggravating existing water shortages. The biggest challenge ahead will be for national and local governments to craft policies and rules within China's complex cultural and legal administrative system that provide incentives for users to increase efficiency of water use, and for polluters to clean up the water they use and return clean water to stream flows. Using a standard public economics framework, water requirements for public goods-such as ecosystem needs-should be set aside first, before allocating property rights in water (to enable water markets to function and generate efficient allocation signals). Even then, water markets will have to be regulated to ensure public goods, such as public health, are not compromised. Until water markets are implemented, staying the course on increasing water and wastewater prices administratively and encouraging water conservation are necessary to reduce the wasting of current scarce water resources, as well as the new water supplies to be provided in the future. "--World Bank web site.

China's Emergent Political Economy

Christopher A. McNally
China s Emergent Political Economy Book PDF

Author : Christopher A. McNally
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2007-09-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134093984

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China's Emergent Political Economy by Christopher A. McNally Pdf

Pt. 1. Setting the stage -- part 2. Firms, finance, innovation, and international competitiveness -- part 3. State, capital, and political interests -- part 4. China in the global capitalist system.

The Mini-integrated Macroeconomic Model for Poverty Analysis

Pierre-Richard Agénor
The Mini integrated Macroeconomic Model for Poverty Analysis Book PDF

Author : Pierre-Richard Agénor
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Poverty
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Mini-integrated Macroeconomic Model for Poverty Analysis by Pierre-Richard Agénor Pdf

The author describes a specialized and less data-intensive version of the Integrated Macroeconomic Model for Poverty Analysis (IMMPA) developed by Agenor, Izquierdo, and Fofack (2003) and Agenor, Fernandes, Haddad, and van der Mensbrugghe (2002). The mini-IMMPA focuses only on the "real" side but it offers a more detailed treatment of the labor market (by accounting, for instance, for public education, employment subsidies, and job security provisions) and the tax structure. Simulations of a cut in payroll taxes on unskilled labor show the importance of accounting for the fiscal implications of labor market reforms when assessing their effects on unemployment and poverty.

Poverty and Economic Growth in Egypt, 1995-2000

Arup Banerji,Heba El Laithy,Michael Lokshin
Poverty and Economic Growth in Egypt 1995 2000 Book PDF

Author : Arup Banerji,Heba El Laithy,Michael Lokshin
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Egypt
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Poverty and Economic Growth in Egypt, 1995-2000 by Arup Banerji,Heba El Laithy,Michael Lokshin Pdf

After a decade of slow economic growth Egypt's rate of growth recovered in the late 1990s, averaging more than five percent a year. But the effect of this growth on poverty patterns has not been systematically examined using consistent, comparable household datasets. In this paper, the authors use the rich set of unit-level data from the most recent Egyptian household surveys (1995-96 and 1999-2000) to assess changes in poverty and inequality between 1995 and 2000. Their analysis is based on household-specific poverty lines that account for the differences in regional prices, as well as differences in the consumption preferences and size and age composition of poor households. The results show that average household expenditures rose in the second half of the 1990s and the poverty rate fell from 20 percent to less than 17 percent. But, in addition to the ongoing divide in the urban-rural standard of living, a new geographical/regional divide emerged in the late 1990s. Poverty was found predominantly among less-educated individuals, particularly those working in agriculture and construction, and among seasonal and occasional workers. These groups could suffer the most from the slowing economic growth evident after 1999-2000.

Crucial Agricultural Policy

Ray Trewin
Crucial Agricultural Policy Book PDF

Author : Ray Trewin
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2016-03-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789814689687

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Crucial Agricultural Policy by Ray Trewin Pdf

Following recent price spikes, food policy will continue to be of crucial concern to developing countries for the foreseeable future. Governments are trying to manage their food issues, but would need critical economic policy analysis to do so appropriately. The aim of this invaluable book is to present economy-wide but detailed information that will facilitate state-of-the-art economic agricultural policy analysis in the light of future threats, and stimulate the formation of better policies for Indonesia's, Vietnam's as well as other countries' longer-term visions of food security, productivity and social welfare. The scope of the book is comprehensive, analysing a range of key food security issues (self-sufficiency, stocks and industry development), policies and futures, with unified presentation of several key and captivating commodity case-studies (rice, livestock and dairy). This is achieved through state-of-the-art evidence-based economic policy analysis, drawing at times on a mix of Asian countries' relevant experiences and hence having broader relevance. Contents:Crucial Food Security Analysis in Brief (Ray Trewin)Growth in Emerging Economies and Food Security by 2030 (Kym Anderson and Anna Strutt)Regional Rice Stocks, Prices, Trade and Food Security: Implications for ASEAN (Nur Rakhman Setyoko, Ray Trewin and David Vanzetti)Indonesian Livestock Policy: Lessons for Self-Sufficiency (Risti Permani, Nur Rakhman Setyoko, Ray Trewin and David Vanzetti)Drink More Milk: Policies Supporting the Indonesian Dairy Industry (David Vanzetti, Rina Oktaviani and Nur Rakhman Setyoko)Rice Production and Food Security in ASEAN: Time for a Change (David Vanzetti and Dung Pham)Safe Food Trade, and the Roles of Governments and Markets: The Case of Vietnam Pork Trade (Ray Trewin, David Vanzetti and Tran Cong Thang)Agricultural Labour Productivity and Poverty: An Indonesian Case-Study (Joe Dewbre)Policy Design and Industry Development Plans: Dairy Industry Experiences in Asia and Australia (David Harris) Readership: Students, researchers and the general public who are interested to understand the economic agricultural policy in Asian countries. Key Features:The book differs from many competing titles in that it considers the broad definition of food security in contrast to most Asian countries' narrow self-sufficiency ones and applies state-of-the art quantitative methods in the policy analysisThe book undertakes a distinctive treatment of certain topics through application of evidence-based policy analysis that has not been comprehensively applied to Asian agricultural policies, or in other countries as wellThe book contains much novel material developed in various institutions during the life of the underlying research project