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Author : C. Jeya K. Henry,Stanley J. Ulijaszek
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1996-06-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521471087
In this book a leading team of researchers explore the long-term effects of early environment in humans.
Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on the Science of Children Birth to Age 8: Deepening and Broadening the Foundation for Success
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 706 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2015-07-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309324885
Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.
Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Committee on Law and Justice,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Child Maltreatment Research, Policy, and Practice for the Next Decade: Phase II
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2014-03-25
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309285155
Each year, child protective services receive reports of child abuse and neglect involving six million children, and many more go unreported. The long-term human and fiscal consequences of child abuse and neglect are not relegated to the victims themselves -- they also impact their families, future relationships, and society. In 1993, the National Research Council (NRC) issued the report, Under-standing Child Abuse and Neglect, which provided an overview of the research on child abuse and neglect. New Directions in Child Abuse and Neglect Research updates the 1993 report and provides new recommendations to respond to this public health challenge. According to this report, while there has been great progress in child abuse and neglect research, a coordinated, national research infrastructure with high-level federal support needs to be established and implemented immediately. New Directions in Child Abuse and Neglect Research recommends an actionable framework to guide and support future child abuse and neglect research. This report calls for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to child abuse and neglect research that examines factors related to both children and adults across physical, mental, and behavioral health domains--including those in child welfare, economic support, criminal justice, education, and health care systems--and assesses the needs of a variety of subpopulations. It should also clarify the causal pathways related to child abuse and neglect and, more importantly, assess efforts to interrupt these pathways. New Directions in Child Abuse and Neglect Research identifies four areas to look to in developing a coordinated research enterprise: a national strategic plan, a national surveillance system, a new generation of researchers, and changes in the federal and state programmatic and policy response.
Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 610 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2000-11-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309069885
How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Supporting the Parents of Young Children
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 525 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2016-11-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309388573
Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Building an Agenda to Reduce the Number of Children in Poverty by Half in 10 Years
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 619 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2019-09-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309483988
The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on the Neurobiological and Socio-behavioral Science of Adolescent Development and Its Applications
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 493 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2019-07-26
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309490115
Adolescenceâ€"beginning with the onset of puberty and ending in the mid-20sâ€"is a critical period of development during which key areas of the brain mature and develop. These changes in brain structure, function, and connectivity mark adolescence as a period of opportunity to discover new vistas, to form relationships with peers and adults, and to explore one's developing identity. It is also a period of resilience that can ameliorate childhood setbacks and set the stage for a thriving trajectory over the life course. Because adolescents comprise nearly one-fourth of the entire U.S. population, the nation needs policies and practices that will better leverage these developmental opportunities to harness the promise of adolescenceâ€"rather than focusing myopically on containing its risks. This report examines the neurobiological and socio-behavioral science of adolescent development and outlines how this knowledge can be applied, both to promote adolescent well-being, resilience, and development, and to rectify structural barriers and inequalities in opportunity, enabling all adolescents to flourish.
Author : Donna Couchenour,J. Kent Chrisman
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 3481 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2016-03-15
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781506353173
The general public often views early childhood education as either simply “babysitting” or as preparation for later learning. Of course, both viewpoints are simplistic. Deep understanding of child development, best educational practices based on development, emergent curriculum, cultural competence and applications of family systems are necessary for high-quality early education. Highly effective early childhood education is rare in that it requires collaboration and transitions among a variety of systems for children from birth through eight years of age. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Contemporary Early Childhood Education presents in three comprehensive volumes advanced research, accurate practical applications of research, historical foundations and key facts from the field of contemporary early childhood education. Through approximately 425 entries, this work includes all areas of child development – physical, cognitive, language, social, emotional, aesthetic – as well as comprehensive review of best educational practices with young children, effective preparation for early childhood professionals and policy making practices, and addresses such questions as: · How is the field of early childhood education defined? · What are the roots of this field of study? · How is the history of early childhood education similar to yet different from the study of public education? · What are the major influences on understandings of best practices in early childhood education?
Author : D.F. Boesch,N.N. Rabalais
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 722 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1987-03-24
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781851660940
Long-term Environmental Effects of Offshore Oil and Gas Development contains 14 chapters by different authors which focus on the US.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on the Biological and Psychosocial Effects of Peer Victimization: Lessons for Bullying Prevention
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2016-09-14
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780309440707
Bullying has long been tolerated as a rite of passage among children and adolescents. There is an implication that individuals who are bullied must have "asked for" this type of treatment, or deserved it. Sometimes, even the child who is bullied begins to internalize this idea. For many years, there has been a general acceptance and collective shrug when it comes to a child or adolescent with greater social capital or power pushing around a child perceived as subordinate. But bullying is not developmentally appropriate; it should not be considered a normal part of the typical social grouping that occurs throughout a child's life. Although bullying behavior endures through generations, the milieu is changing. Historically, bulling has occurred at school, the physical setting in which most of childhood is centered and the primary source for peer group formation. In recent years, however, the physical setting is not the only place bullying is occurring. Technology allows for an entirely new type of digital electronic aggression, cyberbullying, which takes place through chat rooms, instant messaging, social media, and other forms of digital electronic communication. Composition of peer groups, shifting demographics, changing societal norms, and modern technology are contextual factors that must be considered to understand and effectively react to bullying in the United States. Youth are embedded in multiple contexts and each of these contexts interacts with individual characteristics of youth in ways that either exacerbate or attenuate the association between these individual characteristics and bullying perpetration or victimization. Recognizing that bullying behavior is a major public health problem that demands the concerted and coordinated time and attention of parents, educators and school administrators, health care providers, policy makers, families, and others concerned with the care of children, this report evaluates the state of the science on biological and psychosocial consequences of peer victimization and the risk and protective factors that either increase or decrease peer victimization behavior and consequences.
Author : Valter Tucci
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 632 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2016-12-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781118540763
The Handbook of Behavioral Genetics and Phenotypingrepresents an integrative approach to neurobehavioural genetics;worldwide experts in their field will review all chapters. Advancedoverviews of neurobehavioural characteristics will add immensevalue to the investigation of animal mutants and provide uniqueinformation about the genetics and behavioural understanding ofanimal models, under both normal and pathological conditions.Cross-species comparisons of neurobehavioural phenotypes will pavethe way for an evolutionary understanding of behaviour. Moreover, while biological sciences are progressing towards aholistic approach to investigate the complexity of organisms (i.e.,“systems biology” approach), an integrated analysis ofbehavioural phenotyping is still lacking. The Handbook ofBehavioral Genetics and Phenotyping strengthens the cross-talkwithin disciplines that investigate the fundamental basis ofbehaviour and genetics. This will be the first volume in whichtraditionally distant fields including genomics, behaviour,electrophysiology, neuroeconomics, and computational neuroscience,among others, are evaluated together and simultaneously accountedfor during discussions of future perspectives.
Author : Donald A. P. Bundy,Nilanthi de Silva,Susan Horton,Dean T. Jamison
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 502 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781464804397
More children born today will survive to adulthood than at any time in history. It is now time to emphasize health and development in middle childhood and adolescence--developmental phases that are critical to health in adulthood and the next generation. Child and Adolescent Health and Development explores the benefits that accrue from sustained and targeted interventions across the first two decades of life. The volume outlines the investment case for effective, costed, and scalable interventions for low-resource settings, emphasizing the cross-sectoral role of education. This evidence base can guide policy makers in prioritizing actions to promote survival, health, cognition, and physical growth throughout childhood and adolescence.
Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 421 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309264143
The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.
Author : Peter Gluckman,Mark Hanson
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2008-02-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199228386
We have built a world that no longer fits our bodies. Our genes - selected through our evolution - and the many processes by which our development is tuned within the womb, limit our capacity to adapt to the modern urban lifestyle. There is a mismatch. We are seeing the impact of this mismatch in the explosion of diabetes, heart disease and obesity. But it also has consequences in earlier puberty and old age.Bringing together the latest scientific research in evolutionary biology, development, medicine, anthropology and ecology, Peter Gluckman and Mark Hanson, both leading medical scientists, argue that many of our problems as modern-day humans can be understood in terms of this fundamental and growing mismatch. It is an insight that we ignore at our peril.
Author : Moshe Hod,Gian Carlo Di Renzo,Lois G. Jovanovic,Alberto De Leiva,Oded Langer
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 559 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2018-04-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781482213621
Babies of women with diabetes are nearly five times more likely to be stillborn and almost three times more likely to die in the first three months. The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in the U.S. is high—between 3 and 7 percent—and rising. The condition is often complicated by other risk factors such as obesity and heart disease. The Textbook of Diabetes and Pregnancy presents a comprehensive review of the science, clinical management, and medical implications of gestational diabetes mellitus, a condition with serious consequences that is on the increase in all developed societies. This new edition supports the latest initiatives and strategies of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) and adds chapters on noncommunicable diseases, obesity, bariatric surgery, and epidemiology outside Western cultures. Written by a cadre of experts, the book provides a comprehensive, authoritative, and international view of gestational diabetes mellitus and will be invaluable to maternal-fetal medicine specialists, diabetologists, neonatologists, and a growing number of gynecologists and general physicians concerned with the management of noncommunicable diseases in pregnancy.