Low Loss Storage And Handling Of Cryogenic Liquids

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Low-Loss Storage and Handling of Cryogenic Liquids

Thomas D. Bostock,Ralph G. Scurlock
Low Loss Storage and Handling of Cryogenic Liquids Book PDF

Author : Thomas D. Bostock,Ralph G. Scurlock
Publisher : Springer
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2019-06-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030106416

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Low-Loss Storage and Handling of Cryogenic Liquids by Thomas D. Bostock,Ralph G. Scurlock Pdf

The revised second edition of this practical book reviews the fundamentals of cryogenic liquid behaviour in small and large scale storage systems. The text is based on research findings on the convective and evaporative behaviour of cryogenic fluids, aimed at improving the design, construction and operation of low-loss cryogenic liquid storage systems, with a view to minimising cost and improving operational safety. Since the first edition was published in 2006, the breadth of cryogenic applications and the modelling of cryogenic fluid dynamics (CFD) have expanded in several directions. In this second edition, most chapters have been extended to introduce discussions of these new applications and their safety and energy economy. These include advances in the modelling of CFD required in, for example, the design of miniature cryocoolers and condensers and reboilers, large-scale cryogenic liquid mixture properties and their stability, and the understanding that hazards and safety problems in the public domain increase with the scaling up of cryogenic systems. With helpful summaries at the end of each chapter, the book is an essential reference for anyone working on the design and operation of cryogenic liquid storage and transportation systems.

Low Loss Dewars and Tanks

Ralph Scurlock,Cryogenic Society of America
Low Loss Dewars and Tanks Book PDF

Author : Ralph Scurlock,Cryogenic Society of America
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Low temperature engineering
ISBN : 097532540X

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Low Loss Dewars and Tanks by Ralph Scurlock,Cryogenic Society of America Pdf

This report is a collection of ten essays introducing developments in the handling and storage of cryogenic liquids. The essays were first published in serial form in "Cold Facts", the journal of the Cryogenic Society of America, between 2001 and 2003.

Safety in the Handling of Cryogenic Fluids

Frederick J. Edeskuty,Walter F. Stewart
Safety in the Handling of Cryogenic Fluids Book PDF

Author : Frederick J. Edeskuty,Walter F. Stewart
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781489903075

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Safety in the Handling of Cryogenic Fluids by Frederick J. Edeskuty,Walter F. Stewart Pdf

The importance of safety in any scientific endeavor is never in question. However, when cryogenic temperatures are involved, safety is especially important. In addition to observing the normal precautions, one must also take into account the variations of physical properties that occur at low temperatures. At these tempera tures, some properties not only exhibit large differences from their normal values but also can vary widely over a small temperature range. Before any cryogenic project is started, a thorough knowledge of the possible hazards is necessary. Only in this way can the safest operation be attained. Over the hundred-year history of cryogenic research, this has been shown to be the case. Keeping this requirement in mind is an essential ingredient in the quest for accident-free work. The past four or five decades have seen a great expansion of cryogenic technology. Cryogenic liquids, such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium, have become commonly used in a number of different applications and are easily available in any part of the United States and, indeed, almost anywhere in the world. Not only are these liquids available, they have become less expensive and also available in ever larger quantities. As quantities increase, so also do the conse quences of mishaps. The future seems to hold promise of ever larger and more widespread use of the common cryogens. Thus, the importance of safety also increases as time progresses.

Stratification, Rollover and Handling of LNG, LPG and Other Cryogenic Liquid Mixtures

Ralph G. Scurlock
Stratification Rollover and Handling of LNG LPG and Other Cryogenic Liquid Mixtures Book PDF

Author : Ralph G. Scurlock
Publisher : Springer
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2015-11-20
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319206967

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Stratification, Rollover and Handling of LNG, LPG and Other Cryogenic Liquid Mixtures by Ralph G. Scurlock Pdf

This short, practical book offers advice on the safe storage, handling and transportation of liquid natural gas (LNG), liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and other cryogenic fluid mixtures. It begins with a review of the physical properties of LNG and LPG, and a brief overview of basic handling and storage methods. The chapters that follow address more in-depth topics such as heat flows in LNG and LPG storage systems, insulation techniques and surface evaporation phenomena. Two chapters are then devoted to the specific sequence of problems caused by stratification and rollover, and the techniques used to manage and alleviate these issues. The book then considers the use of vacuum insulated tanks for the storage of pressurised LNG, and the effective transfer of liquids avoiding 2-phase flow. It concludes with a summary of safe storage and handling protocols, and addresses the specific health issues encountered when dealing with cryogenic liquid mixtures. Throughout the book the author presents real-life case studies to illustrate the situation being discussed. Written in a practical style, it will prove an invaluable companion to anyone working with LNG, LPG or other cryogenic liquid mixtures.

Cryogenic Engineering

Klaus D. Timmerhaus,Richard P. Reed
Cryogenic Engineering Book PDF

Author : Klaus D. Timmerhaus,Richard P. Reed
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 379 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2007-11-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387468969

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Cryogenic Engineering by Klaus D. Timmerhaus,Richard P. Reed Pdf

This is a benchmark reference work on Cryogenic Engineering which chronicles the major developments in the field. Starting with an historical background, this book reviews the development of data resources now available for cryogenic fields and properties of materials. It presents the latest changes in cryopreservation and the advances over the past 50 years. The book also highlights an exceptional reference listing to provide referral to more details.

Sustainable Liquefied Natural Gas

David Wood,Jianchao Cai
Sustainable Liquefied Natural Gas Book PDF

Author : David Wood,Jianchao Cai
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2024-01-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780443134197

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Sustainable Liquefied Natural Gas by David Wood,Jianchao Cai Pdf

Sustainable Liquefied Natural Gas, the latest release in The Fundamentals and Sustainable Advances in Natural Gas Science and Engineering series, delivers many of the technical fundamentals needed in the natural gas industry with an additional sustainability lens. Introductory topics include liquefication and separation technology. Advanced applications include improving operational efficiency for carriers and cargo shipping schedules, exploiting cold energy for regasification operations, and an outlook on ways to further reduce emissions. Supported by corporate and academic contributors along with two well-distinguished editors, Sustainable Liquefied Natural Gas provides today’s natural gas engineers the knowledge to adjust liquefied natural gas operations in a more environmentally sustainable way. Provides case studies and visuals to illustrate how new principles can be applied in practical situations Presents innovative advances that are leading to improved environmental performance Bridges theory and applications with methods and examples from worldwide contributors in academia and industry

Proceedings of the 28th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference and International Cryogenic Materials Conference 2022

Limin Qiu,Kai Wang,Yanwei Ma
Proceedings of the 28th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference and International Cryogenic Materials Conference 2022 Book PDF

Author : Limin Qiu,Kai Wang,Yanwei Ma
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 1176 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2023-11-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789819961283

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Proceedings of the 28th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference and International Cryogenic Materials Conference 2022 by Limin Qiu,Kai Wang,Yanwei Ma Pdf

This book gathers selected papers from the 28th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference and International Cryogenic Materials Conference 2022 (ICEC28-ICMC 2022), held virtually in Hangzhou, China on 25-29 April 2022, due to COVID-19 pandemic. Highlighting the latest findings on cryogenic engineering and cryogenic materials, it covers topics including: large-scale cryogenic components, processes and systems for refrigeration, separation, and liquefaction of cryogenic fluids, small-scale cryocoolers, cryogenic space applications, thermal insulation, thermal-physical properties of cryogenic fluids and materials, superconducting materials, devices, systems and applications, etc. The book offers valuable information and insights for academic researchers, engineers in the industry, and operators in the cryogenic field.

Handbook of Hydrogen Storage

Michael Hirscher
Handbook of Hydrogen Storage Book PDF

Author : Michael Hirscher
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2010-04-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527322732

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Handbook of Hydrogen Storage by Michael Hirscher Pdf

Owing to the limited resources of fossil fuels, hydrogen is proposed as an alternative and environment-friendly energy carrier. However, its potential is limited by storage problems, especially for mobile applications. Current technologies, as compressed gas or liquefied hydrogen, comprise severe disadvantages and the storage of hydrogen in lightweight solids could be the solution to this problem. Since the optimal storage mechanism and optimal material have yet to be identified, this first handbook on the topic provides an excellent overview of the most probable candidates, highlighting both their advantages as well as drawbacks. From the contents: ¿ Physisorption ¿ Clathrates ¿ Metal hydrides ¿ Complex hydrides ¿ Amides, imides, and mixtures ¿ Tailoring Reaction Enthalpies ¿ Borazan ¿ Aluminum hydride ¿ Nanoparticles A one-stop reference on all questions concerning hydrogen storage for physical and solid state chemists, materials scientists, chemical engineers, and physicists.

The Future of Helium as a Natural Resource

William J. Nuttall,Richard Clarke,Bartek Glowacki
The Future of Helium as a Natural Resource Book PDF

Author : William J. Nuttall,Richard Clarke,Bartek Glowacki
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2012-06-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136322723

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The Future of Helium as a Natural Resource by William J. Nuttall,Richard Clarke,Bartek Glowacki Pdf

The book reveals the changing dynamics of the helium industry on both the supply-side and the demand-side. The helium industry has a long-term future and this important gas will have a role to play for many decades to come. Major new users of helium are expected to enter the market, especially in nuclear energy (both fission and fusion). Prices and volumes supplied and expected to rise and this will prompt greater efforts towards the development of new helium sources and helium conservation and recycling.

Going for Cold

J. G. Weisend II,G. Terence Meaden
Going for Cold Book PDF

Author : J. G. Weisend II,G. Terence Meaden
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2021-03-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030611996

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Going for Cold by J. G. Weisend II,G. Terence Meaden Pdf

This short but revealing biography tells the story of Kurt Mendelssohn FRS, one of the founding figures in the field of cryogenics, from his beginnings in Berlin through his move to Oxford in the 1930s, and his groundbreaking work in low temperature and solid state physics. He set up the first helium liquefier in the United Kingdom, and did fundamental research that increased our understanding of superconductivity and superfluid helium. Dr. Mendelssohn's vision extended beyond his scientific and technical achievements; he saw the potential for growth of cryogenics in industry, visiting China, Japan and India to forge global collaborations, founded the leading scientific journal in the field and established a conference series which still runs to this day. He published two monographs which remain as classics in the field. This book explores the story behind the science, in particular his relationships with other key figures in the cryogenics field, most notably Nicholas Kurti at Oxford, and his work outside cryogenics, including his novel ideas on the engineering of the pyramids.

Handbook of Superconductivity

David A. Cardwell,David C. Larbalestier,Aleksander Braginski
Handbook of Superconductivity Book PDF

Author : David A. Cardwell,David C. Larbalestier,Aleksander Braginski
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 881 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2022-07-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000342307

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Handbook of Superconductivity by David A. Cardwell,David C. Larbalestier,Aleksander Braginski Pdf

This is the last of three volumes of the extensively revised and updated second edition of the Handbook of Superconductivity. The past twenty years have seen rapid progress in superconducting materials, which exhibit one of the most remarkable physical states of matter ever to be discovered. Superconductivity brings quantum mechanics to the scale of the everyday world. Viable applications of superconductors rely fundamentally on an understanding of these intriguing phenomena and the availability of a range of materials with bespoke properties to meet practical needs. While the first volume covers fundamentals and various classes of materials, the second addresses processing of these into various shapes and configurations needed for applications, and ends with chapters on refrigeration methods necessary to attain the superconducting state and the desired performance. This third volume starts with a wide range of methods permitting one to characterize both the materials and various end products of processing. Subsequently, diverse classes of both large scale and electronic applications are described. Volume 3 ends with a glossary relevant to all three volumes. Key Features: Covers the depth and breadth of the field Includes contributions from leading academics and industry professionals across the world Provides hands-on familiarity with the characterization methods and offers descriptions of representative examples of practical applications A comprehensive reference, the handbook is suitable for both graduate students and practitioners in experimental physics, materials science, and multiple engineering disciplines, including electronic and electrical, chemical, mechanical, metallurgy and others.

Applied Superconductivity

Paul Seidel
Applied Superconductivity Book PDF

Author : Paul Seidel
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1336 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2015-01-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783527670666

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Applied Superconductivity by Paul Seidel Pdf

This wide-ranging presentation of applied superconductivity, from fundamentals and materials right up to the details of many applications, is an essential reference for physicists and engineers in academic research as well as in industry. Readers looking for a comprehensive overview on basic effects related to superconductivity and superconducting materials will expand their knowledge and understanding of both low and high Tc superconductors with respect to their application. Technology, preparation and characterization are covered for bulk, single crystals, thins fi lms as well as electronic devices, wires and tapes. The main benefit of this work lies in its broad coverage of significant applications in magnets, power engineering, electronics, sensors and quantum metrology. The reader will find information on superconducting magnets for diverse applications like particle physics, fusion research, medicine, and biomagnetism as well as materials processing. SQUIDs and their usage in medicine or geophysics are thoroughly covered, as are superconducting radiation and particle detectors, aspects on superconductor digital electronics, leading readers to quantum computing and new devices.

Hydrogen in Automotive Engineering

Manfred Klell,Helmut Eichlseder,Alexander Trattner
Hydrogen in Automotive Engineering Book PDF

Author : Manfred Klell,Helmut Eichlseder,Alexander Trattner
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2022-09-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783658350611

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Hydrogen in Automotive Engineering by Manfred Klell,Helmut Eichlseder,Alexander Trattner Pdf

„Wasserstoff in der Fahrzeugtechnik“ bietet einen allgemeinen Überblick über die verschiedenen Aspekte von Eigenschaften, Erzeugung, Speicherung und Anwendung von Wasserstoff. Schwerpunkte liegen auf der Thermodynamik der Speicherung von Wasserstoff sowie auf der Anwendung in der Fahrzeugtechnik und in der Energietechnik. Mit Bezug zu Forschungsvorhaben an der TU Graz und dem HyCentA wird der aktuelle Stand der Technik fundiert dargestellt. Als eigener Abschnitt wurde in dieser Auflage die Brennstoffzelle zur Stromerzeugung für Elektroantriebe ergänzt. Ein Verfahren zur Wasserstoffproduktion durch Pyrolyse aus Glycerin wurde neu aufgenommen. Ergänzt wurden Abschnitte über aktuelle Anwendungen, über Verbrennungsmotoren für Gemische aus Wasserstoff und Methan, über Werkstoffe sowie Fragen von Wirkungsgrad und CO2-Emissionen.

A Text Book Of Cryogenics

Valery V. Kostionk
A Text Book Of Cryogenics Book PDF

Author : Valery V. Kostionk
Publisher : Discovery Publishing House
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 817141642X

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A Text Book Of Cryogenics by Valery V. Kostionk Pdf

This book is prepared on various sections of cryogenics: properties of cryogenic products and solid bodies at low temperatures, methods of internal cooling, heat transfer at low temperatures, gas liquefaction and separation, micro-cryogenic systems, storage and transport of cryogenic fluids, and cryogenic systems for scientific research and development. Contents: Properties of Cryogenic Products and their use, Helium Properties Superfluidity, Properties of Solid Bodies at Low Temperatures, Classification of Cryogenic Systems, Thermomechanical Processes of Internal Cooling: Throttling and Expanding, Thermomechanical Processes of Internal Cooling: Exhaust, Vapor Pump-out, Desorption, Low Literature Thermodynamics Cycles, Electromagnetic Methods of Cooling, Cooling Methods Based on Specific Properties of Helium Isotopes, Heat Transfer at Low Temperatures, Gas Liquefaction and Separation Systems, Microcryogenic Systems, Liquid and Solid-state Microcryogenic Systems, Storage and Transportation of Cryogenic Fluids, Processes in Cryogenic Vessels, Cryogenic Systems for Scientific Research.

Cryogenic Process Engineering

Klaus D. Timmerhaus,Thomas M. Flynn
Cryogenic Process Engineering Book PDF

Author : Klaus D. Timmerhaus,Thomas M. Flynn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 614 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468487565

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Cryogenic Process Engineering by Klaus D. Timmerhaus,Thomas M. Flynn Pdf

Cryogenics, a term commonly used to refer to very low temperatures, had its beginning in the latter half of the last century when man learned, for the first time, how to cool objects to a temperature lower than had ever existed na tu rally on the face of the earth. The air we breathe was first liquefied in 1883 by a Polish scientist named Olszewski. Ten years later he and a British scientist, Sir James Dewar, liquefied hydrogen. Helium, the last of the so-caBed permanent gases, was finally liquefied by the Dutch physicist Kamerlingh Onnes in 1908. Thus, by the beginning of the twentieth century the door had been opened to astrange new world of experimentation in which aB substances, except liquid helium, are solids and where the absolute temperature is only a few microdegrees away. However, the point on the temperature scale at which refrigeration in the ordinary sense of the term ends and cryogenics begins has ne ver been weB defined. Most workers in the field have chosen to restrict cryogenics to a tem perature range below -150°C (123 K). This is a reasonable dividing line since the normal boiling points of the more permanent gases, such as helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, oxygen, and air, lie below this temperature, while the more common refrigerants have boiling points that are above this temperature. Cryogenic engineering is concerned with the design and development of low-temperature systems and components.