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The collection of articles presented in this volume are essays and articles on Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Pakistan's founding father, by some of the most distinguished scholars of South Asian history both in the national context and internationally. A major theme is the often-debated question of whether Jinnah's role in the Partition was proactive or reactive.
The idea of Pakistan stands riddled with tensions. Initiated by a small group of select Urdu-speaking Muslims who envisioned a unified Islamic state, today Pakistan suffers the divisive forces of various separatist movements and religious fundamentalism. A small entrenched elite continue to dominate the country’s corridors of power, and democratic forces and legal institutions remain weak. But despite these seemingly insurmountable problems, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan continues to endure. The Pakistan Paradox is the definitive history of democracy in Pakistan, and its survival despite ethnic strife, Islamism and deepseated elitism. This edition focuses on three kinds of tensions that are as old as Pakistan itself. The tension between the unitary definition of the nation inherited from Jinnah and centrifugal ethnic forces; between civilians and army officers who are not always in favour of or against democracy; and between the Islamists and those who define Islam only as a cultural identity marker.
The modern history of South Asia is shaped by the personalities of its two most prominent politicians and ideologues ? Mohammad Ali Jinnah and Mahatma Gandhi. Jinnah shaped the final settlement by consistently demanding Pakistan, and Gandhi defined the largely non-violent nature of the campaign. Each made their contribution by taking over and refashioning a national political party, which they came to personify. Theirs would seem, therefore, to be a story of success, yet for each of them, the story ended in a kind of failure. How did two educated barristers who saw themselves as heralds of a newly independent country come to find themselves on opposite ends of the political spectrum? How did Jinnah, who started out a secular liberal, end up a Muslim nationalist? How did a God-fearing moralist and social reformer like Gandhi become a national political leader? And how did their fundamental divergences lead to the birth of two new countries that have shaped the political history of the subcontinent? This book skilfully chronicles the incredible similarities and ultimate differences between the two leaders, as their admirers and detractors would have it and as they actually were.
The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought by Gerhard Bowering,Patricia Crone,Wadad Kadi,Mahan Mirza,Devin J. Stewart,Muhammad Qasim Zaman Pdf
"In 2012, the year 1433 of the Muslim calendar, the Islamic population throughout the world was estimated at approximately a billion and a half, representing about one-fifth of humanity. In geographical terms, Islam occupies the center of the world, stretching like a big belt across the globe from east to west."--P. vii.
The Crash of A Civilization by Kanchan Banerjee Pdf
The Current condition of each citizen, the society, and the nation are the result of a deeply complex history. But what we know from history books, especially academic textbooks, are constructs based on the narratives of political powers, colonists, and outdated socioeconomic analysts. The time has come to know and understand our true history from fresh and updated perspectives. The subject of this book is how foreign ideologies and forces Christian, Islamic, and later colonists, western and Marxists' profound and long-term influence have impacted India, her society, and people. With a computer science back- ground, Kanchan Banerjee makes this remarkable and significant contribution, attempting to depict the current era with unique and lively storytelling using carefully studied evidence, logical deduction, and analysis. He has given detailed and comprehensive descriptions and assessments from pre-Islamic Arabia's history, foreign attacks and invasions of the Huns, the Turks to the Islamic rule and occupation in Delhi, and the British colonial and imperial atrocities. How did the crash and fall of a great ancient civilization happen? How has it been wounded the body and soul of a nation to break into several pieces? And what is the way to change the direction to the path of recovery and revival? This book is an effort to find the answers to these questions from our true history. If we know our past, we can change our future as well.
Security Community in South Asia by Muhammad Shoaib Pervez Pdf
The security relationship between India and Pakistan is generally viewed through a neo-realist lens. This book explains the rivalry of these countries by looking at the socio-cultural norms at two levels, and discusses a hypothetical security community that could result in peace in the region.
Polycentricity, Islam, and Development by Anas Malik Pdf
Development analysts often focus on the role of “the state” in making the right rules by which to govern society, assuming that governance is exclusively or mainly the work of the central government authority. The reality in many developing countries, particularly those with weak central government authorities, is that governance happens through diverse rules and in many centers of decision-making, in ways that are formal and informal, official and unofficial. This real-world polycentricity can be dysfunctional or productive, depending in part on shared understandings between decision-making entities about how to relate to each other. Those shared understandings come from cultural backgrounds, historical interactions, and other sources. Political economist Anas Malik argues that well-functioning polycentricity in developing countries depends in part on the shared understandings between official government entities and unofficial units that provide collective choice in particular arenas. In Muslim-majority contexts, the Islamic tradition – contrary to the image of a top-down, single-voiced religious law- provides ample resources supporting shared understandings that accommodate diverse rules and collective choice units. Pakistan, the largest Muslim-majority country at its founding, provides an important case. After building on the development literature to suggest a typology of collective choice units in developing countries, Malik explores resources in the Islamic tradition that support polycentric governance. The book then examines major deliberations in Pakistan’s history, particularly through documented inquiries into serious political crises such as sectarian religious agitation and civil war, and through a selective survey of types of jurisdictions and collective choice units. Malik argues that there are significant polycentric understandings in Pakistan’s historical lineage, but that these are heavily contested. While there is potential for polycentric development in Pakistan, the viability of polycentric order is constrained by countering forces and contextual factors.
Pakistan: From the Rhetoric of Democracy to the Rise of Militancy by Ravi Kalia Pdf
The essays in this volume address the central theme of Pakistan’s enduring, yet elusive, quest for democracy. The book charts Pakistan’s struggle from its very inception, at least in the political rhetoric provided by both civilian and military leaders, for democracy, liberalism, freedom of expression, inclusiveness of minorities and even secularism. At the same time, it demonstrates how in practice, the country has continued to drift towards increasingly brittle authoritarianism, religious extremism and intolerance of minorities — both Muslim and non-Muslim. This chasm between animated political rhetoric and grim political reality has baffled the world as much as Pakistanis themselves. In this volume, scholars and practitioners of statecraft from around the world have sought to explain the dichotomy that exists between the rhetoric and the reality. Crucial areas such as Pakistan’s troubled status as a theocracy; its relationship with the US; the position of women and their quest for empowerment; the Mujahir Qaumi movement; the sharp class divide that has led to an elitist political culture; and finally, an erudite discussion of the popular topic — Jinnah’s vision of Pakistan — are the focus of this book. This volume will be of interest to scholars of history, political science, international relations, sociology, anthropology and urban planning, policy-makers and think-tanks, as well as the wider reading public curious about South Asia.
Pakistan: Caught in the Whirlwind by Wg Cdr C Deepak Dogra Pdf
This book is indeed a critical analysis of history of political development of Pakistan. The hypothesis floated in the book, seeking peaceful coexistence of two people who are identical in more than one way, finds it difficult to sustain in wake of the political absurdities being committed by certain imprudent elements. With more Muslims in India, Pakistan has long lost its postulation that it was carved out of British India as a nation for Indian Muslims. The two nation theory, which saw its silent burial after partition of Pakistan, had been based on a faulty proposition that Hindus and Muslims of India were two distinct nationalities. Post formation, its nation building has gone through twists and turns of political turbulence that has been discussed in detail in this book. Besides focusing on the infamous military regimes, the author has also analyzed socio-political upbringing of this nation under popular governments. Having discussed the foreign policy dilemmas of the country, its role in pre and post-Taliban Afghanistan has also been dwelled upon. Nation’s obsession with K word seems to have shut all its routes to rationality and prosperity besides denying it the privilege of peaceful coexistence with its parent country. The author has also attempted to look through the frosted glass to perceive possible future scenario for the nation that continues to remain an uncertainty.
Centering Pakistan in a story of transnational Islam stretching from South Asia to the Middle East, Simon Wolfgang Fuchs offers the first in-depth ethnographic history of the intellectual production of Shi'is and their religious competitors in this "Land of the Pure." The notion of Pakistan as the pinnacle of modern global Muslim aspiration forms a crucial component of this story. It has empowered Shi'is, who form about twenty percent of the country's population, to advance alternative conceptions of their religious hierarchy while claiming the support of towering grand ayatollahs in Iran and Iraq. Fuchs shows how popular Pakistani preachers and scholars have boldly tapped into the esoteric potential of Shi'ism, occupying a creative and at times disruptive role as brokers, translators, and self-confident pioneers of contemporary Islamic thought. They have indigenized the Iranian Revolution and formulated their own ideas for fulfilling the original promise of Pakistan. Challenging typical views of Pakistan as a mere Shi'i backwater, Fuchs argues that its complex religious landscape represents how a local, South Asian Islam may open up space for new intellectual contributions to global Islam. Yet religious ideology has also turned Pakistan into a deadly battlefield: sectarian groups since the 1980s have been bent on excluding Shi'is as harmful to their own vision of an exemplary Islamic state.
Historical Dictionary of the British Empire by Kenneth J. Panton Pdf
For much of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Britain was the dominant world power, its strength based in large part on its command of an Empire that, in the years immediately after World War I, encompassed almost one-quarter of the earth’s land surface and one-fifth of its population. Writers boasted that the sun never set on British possessions, which provided raw materials that, processed in British factories, could be re-exported as manufactured products to expanding colonial markets. The commercial and political might was not based on any grand strategic plan of territorial acquisition, however. The Empire grew piecemeal, shaped by the diplomatic, economic, and military circumstances of the times, and its speedy dismemberment in the mid-twentieth century was, similarly, a reaction to the realities of geopolitics in post-World War II conditions. Today the Empire has gone but it has left a legacy that remains of great significance in the modern world. The Historical Dictionary of the British Empire covers its history through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 700 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Britain.
