Maintaining Research Integrity

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy,Committee on Responsible Science
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2018-01-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309391252

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Fostering Integrity in Research by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy,Committee on Responsible Science Pdf

The integrity of knowledge that emerges from research is based on individual and collective adherence to core values of objectivity, honesty, openness, fairness, accountability, and stewardship. Integrity in science means that the organizations in which research is conducted encourage those involved to exemplify these values in every step of the research process. Understanding the dynamics that support â€" or distort â€" practices that uphold the integrity of research by all participants ensures that the research enterprise advances knowledge. The 1992 report Responsible Science: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process evaluated issues related to scientific responsibility and the conduct of research. It provided a valuable service in describing and analyzing a very complicated set of issues, and has served as a crucial basis for thinking about research integrity for more than two decades. However, as experience has accumulated with various forms of research misconduct, detrimental research practices, and other forms of misconduct, as subsequent empirical research has revealed more about the nature of scientific misconduct, and because technological and social changes have altered the environment in which science is conducted, it is clear that the framework established more than two decades ago needs to be updated. Responsible Science served as a valuable benchmark to set the context for this most recent analysis and to help guide the committee's thought process. Fostering Integrity in Research identifies best practices in research and recommends practical options for discouraging and addressing research misconduct and detrimental research practices.

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Assessing Integrity in Research Environments
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2002-10-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309169288

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Integrity in Scientific Research by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Assessing Integrity in Research Environments Pdf

"Many people say that it is the intellect which makes a great scientist. They are wrong: it is character."-Albert Einstein Integrity in Scientific Research attempts to define and describe those elements that encourage individuals involved with scientific research to act with integrity. Recognizing the inconsistency of human behavior, it stresses the important role that research institutions play in providing an integrity-rich environment, citing the need for institutions to provide staff with training and education, policies and procedures, and tools and support systems. It identifies practices that characterize integrity in such areas as peer review and research on human subjects and weighs the strengths and limitations of self-evaluation efforts by these institutions. In addition, it details an approach to promoting integrity during the education of researchers, including how to develop an effective curriculum. Providing a framework for research and educational institutions, this important book will be essential for anyone concerned about ethics in the scientific community.

Author : The Expert Panel on Research Integrity
Publisher : Council of CanadianAcademies
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781926558264

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Honesty, Accountability and Trust: Fostering Research Integrity in Canada by The Expert Panel on Research Integrity Pdf

Author : Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Committee on Ensuring the Utility and Integrity of Research Data in a Digital Age
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 179 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2009-11-17
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780309147828

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Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age by Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Committee on Ensuring the Utility and Integrity of Research Data in a Digital Age Pdf

As digital technologies are expanding the power and reach of research, they are also raising complex issues. These include complications in ensuring the validity of research data; standards that do not keep pace with the high rate of innovation; restrictions on data sharing that reduce the ability of researchers to verify results and build on previous research; and huge increases in the amount of data being generated, creating severe challenges in preserving that data for long-term use. Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age examines the consequences of the changes affecting research data with respect to three issues - integrity, accessibility, and stewardship-and finds a need for a new approach to the design and the management of research projects. The report recommends that all researchers receive appropriate training in the management of research data, and calls on researchers to make all research data, methods, and other information underlying results publicly accessible in a timely manner. The book also sees the stewardship of research data as a critical long-term task for the research enterprise and its stakeholders. Individual researchers, research institutions, research sponsors, professional societies, and journals involved in scientific, engineering, and medical research will find this book an essential guide to the principles affecting research data in the digital age.

Author : U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs,Health Services Research & Development Service
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2013-06-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1490363912

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Maintaining Research Integrity by U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs,Health Services Research & Development Service Pdf

Ethical integrity in the conduct of health care research is essential for maintaining the public trust and support of such activities. Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) play a critical role in maintaining the ethical integrity of research by reviewing research protocols to ensure, among other things, that research participants receive safe and ethical treatment and provide informed consent, and that the potential for a conflict of interest is minimized. The purpose of this review was to catalog the literature on issues pertaining to IRBs, to identify the issue with the greatest number of published studies which might inform VA policy, and to assess the evidence regarding that issue, which were conflict of interest policies and the activities of the IRB. Without research, health care cannot advance in a scientific fashion. But by definition, research that involves human participants necessitates that some aspects of their care are no longer being provided solely for their health benefit: research is meant to inform the care of future patients. Therefore, care provided as part of a research protocol always involves a risk of harm. Sometimes it is a direct health risk, as in the case of a new treatment of hoped-for-but-as-yet-unproven benefit with the potential for certain adverse events; or it may be less obvious, such as the risk of disclosure of sensitive information. The ethical management of risk is a primary focus of maintaining integrity in research. The goal of this review was to describe the evidence regarding areas of interest in the ethical conduct of research, with a particular focus on the IRB and quality improvement initiatives. Further discussions resulted in the following key questions: Key Question #1. What has been published regarding the IRB, and each of the following issues: Quality improvement initiatives as research, Conflict of interest, Studies requiring approval of multiple IRBs, Genetic issues. Key Question #2. What is the actual evidence regarding the issue with the largest literature which may inform VA policy?

Author : Adil E. Shamoo,David B. Resnik
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 441 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2009-02-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199709601

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Responsible Conduct of Research by Adil E. Shamoo,David B. Resnik Pdf

Recent scandals and controversies, such as data fabrication in federally funded science, data manipulation and distortion in private industry, and human embryonic stem cell research, illustrate the importance of ethics in science. Responsible Conduct of Research, now in a completely updated second edition, provides an introduction to the social, ethical, and legal issues facing scientists today.

Author : Francis L. Macrina
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 453 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2014-07-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781683673514

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Scientific Integrity by Francis L. Macrina Pdf

This widely adopted textbook provides the essential content and skill-building tools for teaching the responsible conduct of scientific research. Scientific Integrity covers the breadth of concerns faced by scientists: protection of animal and human experimental subjects, scientific publication, intellectual property, conflict of interest, collaboration, record keeping, mentoring, and the social and ethical responsibilities of scientists. Learning activities and resources designed to elucidate the principles of Scientific Integrity include Dozens of highly relevant, interactive case studies for discussion in class or online Numerous print and online resources covering the newest research guidelines, regulations, mandates and policies Discussion questions, role-playing exercises, and survey tools to promote critical thought Documents including published rules of conduct, sample experimentation protocols, and patent applications The new edition of Scientific Integrity responds to significant recent changes—new mandates, policies, laws, and other developments—in the field of responsible conduct of research. Dr. Macrina plants the seeds of awareness of existing, changing, and emerging standards in scientific conduct and provides the tools to promote critical thinking in the use of that information. Scientific Integrity is the original turnkey text to guide the next generations of scientists as well as practicing researchers in the essential skills and approaches for the responsible conduct of science.

Author : Ron Iphofen
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2020-04-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 3030167585

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Handbook of Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity by Ron Iphofen Pdf

This handbook is a ‘one-stop shop’ for current information, issues and challenges in the fields of research ethics and scientific integrity. It provides a comprehensive coverage of research and integrity issues, both within researchers’ ‘home’ discipline and in relation to similar concerns in other disciplines. The handbook covers common elements shared by disciplines and research professions, such as consent, privacy, data management, fraud, and plagiarism. The handbook also includes contributions and perspectives from academics from various disciplines, treating issues specific to their fields. Readers are able to quickly source the most comprehensive and up-to-date information, protagonists, issues and challenges in the field. Experienced researchers keen to assess their own perspectives, as well as novice researchers aiming to establish the field, will equally find the handbook of interest and practical benefit. It saves them a great deal of time in sourcing the disparate available material in these fields and it is the first ‘port of call’ for a wide range of researchers, research advisors, funding agencies and research reviewers.The most important feature is the handbook’s ability to provide practical advice and guidance to researchers in a wide range of disciplines and professions to help them ‘think through’ their approach to difficult questions related to the principles, values and standards they need to bring to their research practice.

Author : W. Jerjes,R. Hamoudi,C. Hopper
Publisher : Kugler Publications
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2018-04-11
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789062998852

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The Power of Research by W. Jerjes,R. Hamoudi,C. Hopper Pdf

Preface The purpose of writing this book is to clarify the proper approach to the discussion and study of research integrity and publication ethics in medical research; this will include a code of ethics for academics, as well as cover plagiarism and intellectual property rights. At present, there is a lack of robust agreement on the degree of empirical scientific evidence for specific problems that frequently undermine integrity in research, leading to research misconduct. There is also scant knowledge about publication ethics, for which publication of a definitive code is required. In addition, many instances of what may appear to be fabricated evidence or falsified data have arisen due to a lack of knowledge about best practice rather than intentional fraud. A valuable resource is needed to support and define collaboration between research scholars in this field, and to recognize the boundaries and principles involved. This book seeks to establish a firm knowledge base to address issues arising from research integrity, publication ethics, plagiarism, and protection of intellectual property. It wishes to act as an important guideline for research students for which, at present, there is a notable absence. Key individuals who will benefit the most from this book are qualified professionals involved in the field of medical research; that is, clinical researchers, research students, and scientists. The general public, who need to place complete trust in research integrity, may also be interested in further understanding a topic that is all too infrequently discussed and rarely in the public domain. Scientists are expected to occupy the high moral ground when it comes to the search for truth, especially in regard to the human body. Cases of misconduct tend to hit the headlines due to this very fact, which is why it is imperative that the target audience is as wide as possible to effect transparency on the subject. The features and contents of this book will impart a greater depth of understanding about integrity and publication ethical issues to medical research scientists prior to conducting their research, and to journal editors throughout the publication process. It will explain and define the subject with clear parameters, incorporating a code of ethics. The present book challenges the current climate of ignorance about research integrity and ethics. It will help avoid instances of misconduct, and ensuing investigations, which often arise due to ignorance. It will save time, money, and the psychological effects of accusation, reprimand, and subsequent punitive action by avoidance of wrongdoing. If a medical researcher has been found to have fabricated the results of their studies, the book will act as a valuable guideline for proposed action; the target audience will gain from a clearer definition of research integrity. It will obviate the tendency of some research scientists, even those highly experienced, to base their findings on personal experience, philosophical bias, political and media responses, and individual case studies. A valuable feature of the book will be helping research scientists to advance to the next level of understanding in the study and discussion of research integrity and publication ethics. A number of the interpretations in this book are based on special guidelines co-authored by W Jerjes and C Hopper as well as a number of au13 thors. Also, we acknowledge the support of English language specialist Sandy Eifion-Jones in improving the standard of English for the initial draft of this book. The authors

Author : Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (U.S.). Panel on Scientific Responsibility and the Conduct of Research
Publisher : National Academies
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : NAP:12304

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Responsible Science by Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (U.S.). Panel on Scientific Responsibility and the Conduct of Research Pdf

Responsible Science is a comprehensive review of factors that influence the integrity of the research process. Volume I examines reports on the incidence of misconduct in science and reviews institutional and governmental efforts to handle cases of misconduct. The result of a two-year study by a panel of experts convened by the National Academy of Sciences, this book critically analyzes the impact of today's research environment on the traditional checks and balances that foster integrity in science. Responsible Science is a provocative examination of the role of educational efforts; research guidelines; and the contributions of individual scientists, mentors, and institutional officials in encouraging responsible research practices.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1490 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Fraud in science
ISBN : LOC:00183584479

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Maintaining the Integrity of Scientific Research by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight Pdf

Author : Arthur L. Caplan,Barbara K. Redman
Publisher : Springer
Page : 583 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2018-07-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319513584

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Getting to Good by Arthur L. Caplan,Barbara K. Redman Pdf

This book represents the first comprehensive, gold standard reader on research integrity in the biomedical sciences. Now more than ever, the responsible conduct of research (RCR) has become critically important as new technologies affect research practices in both positive and negative ways. Since learning to do science and practicing it brings researchers into contact with a vast array of ethical issues, it is critical to know the standards and how they are evolving. Indeed, research integrity requires scientists at all levels to operate ethically in a system that supports ethical practice. This unique, foundational text covers all the relevant areas -- subject protection, research misconduct and conflict of interest as well as newly quantified concerns about research bias and non-reproducibility, as well as other unique issues. Developed by renowned experts, this compelling title discusses the full range of practices and policies that should support research that is honestly produced and disseminated. It also specifically incorporates topics noted by the National Institutes of Health as essential and required for training in RCR. Getting to Good – Research Integrity in the Biomedical Sciences is a major contribution to the literature on bioethics and will serve as an invaluable resource for all researchers, students, administrators and professionals interested in research ethics and integrity.

Author : Linda C. Gundersen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2017-10-17
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781119067689

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Scientific Integrity and Ethics in the Geosciences by Linda C. Gundersen Pdf

Science is built on trust. The assumption is that scientists will conduct their work with integrity, honesty, and a strict adherence to scientific protocols. Written by geoscientists for geoscientists, Scientific Integrity and Ethics in the Geosciences acquaints readers with the fundamental principles of scientific ethics and shows how they apply to everyday work in the classroom, laboratory, and field. Resources are provided throughout to help discuss and implement principles of scientific integrity and ethics. Volume highlights include: Examples of international and national codes and policies Exploration of the role of professional societies in scientific integrity and ethics References to scientific integrity and ethics in publications and research data Discussion of science integrity, ethics, and geoethics in education Extensive coverage of data applications Scientific Integrity and Ethics in the Geosciences is a valuable resource for students, faculty, instructors, and scientists in the geosciences and beyond. It is also useful for geoscientists working in industry, government, and policymaking. Read an interview with the editors to find out more: https://eos.org/editors-vox/ethics-crucial-for-the-future-of-the-geosciences

Author : Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Panel on Scientific Responsibility and the Conduct of Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1993-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309047883

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Responsible Science by Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Panel on Scientific Responsibility and the Conduct of Research Pdf

Volume II of Responsible Science includes background papers and selected institutional reports, policies, and procedures that were used to develop Volume I. Topics discussed include traditions of mentorship in science; data handling practices in the biological sciences; academic policies and standards governing the conduct of research practices; congressional interest in issues of misconduct and integrity in science; the regulatory experience of human subjects research; and the roles of scientific and engineering societies in fostering research integrity. The panel also considers numerous institutional policy statements adopted by research universities and professional societies that address different aspects of misconduct or integrity in science. These statements have been selected to convey the diverse approaches for addressing such matters within research institutions.

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Assessing Integrity in Research Environments
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 217 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2002-11-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309084796

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Integrity in Scientific Research by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Assessing Integrity in Research Environments Pdf

"Many people say that it is the intellect which makes a great scientist. They are wrong: it is character."-Albert Einstein Integrity in Scientific Research attempts to define and describe those elements that encourage individuals involved with scientific research to act with integrity. Recognizing the inconsistency of human behavior, it stresses the important role that research institutions play in providing an integrity-rich environment, citing the need for institutions to provide staff with training and education, policies and procedures, and tools and support systems. It identifies practices that characterize integrity in such areas as peer review and research on human subjects and weighs the strengths and limitations of self-evaluation efforts by these institutions. In addition, it details an approach to promoting integrity during the education of researchers, including how to develop an effective curriculum. Providing a framework for research and educational institutions, this important book will be essential for anyone concerned about ethics in the scientific community.