Marine Mesocosms

Author : G.D. Grice,M.R. Reeve
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461256458

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Marine Mesocosms by G.D. Grice,M.R. Reeve Pdf

Techniques developed for enclosing viable natural planktonic ecosystems pro vided the opportunity for prolonged and detailed investigation of dynamic events within the pelagic system of a known water body. Recent investigations into plankton ecology, using enclosure systems in dif ferent marine environments, are discussed in relation to the data obtained from the Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada, plastic-sphere experiments of 1960 and 1962. Three types of modern enclosure experiments are recognized: floating systems within nutrient levels maintained or running down, and benthic attached systems. The review largely discusses results from the two kinds of floating systems. Processes at several trophic levels have been investigated in enclosures. This review attempts to draw together details from all experimental systems to emphasize the enclosures' contribution to our understanding of planktonic systems. Enclosures made it possible to examine primary production processes, particularly in relation to inorganic nutrient availability and water-column sta bility. Recent experiments have used the understanding of these processes as a management technique in maintaining different planktonic systems. Relation ships between primary and secondary trophic levels are not always easy to inter pret, since the growth of primary carnivore populations can often determine the survival of zooplankton populations. Nevertheless, the development of co horts of herbivorous zooplankton has been followed in several enclosures, yield ing useful information on development times and production rates. In enclosed systems it is thus possible to directly relate tertiary level production to inorganic nutrient input, and to calculate production rates and exchange efficiencies at several trophic levels.

Author : Julián Blasco,Peter M. Chapman,Olivia Campana,Miriam Hampel
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2016-08-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128033722

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Marine Ecotoxicology by Julián Blasco,Peter M. Chapman,Olivia Campana,Miriam Hampel Pdf

Marine Ecotoxicology: Current Knowledge and Future Issues is the first unified resource to cover issues related to contamination, responses, and testing techniques of saltwater from a toxicological perspective. With its unprecedented focus on marine environments and logical chapter progression, this book is useful to graduate students, ecotoxicologists, risk assessors, and regulators involved or interested in marine waters. As human interaction with these environments increases, understanding of the pollutants and toxins introduced into the oceans becomes ever more critical, and this book builds a foundation of knowledge to assist scientists in studying, monitoring, and making decisions that affect both marine environments and human health. A team of world renowned experts provide detailed analyses of the most common contaminants in marine environments and explain the design and purpose of toxicity testing methods, while exploring the future of ecotoxicology studies in relation to the world’s oceans. As the threat of increasing pollution in marine environments becomes an ever more tangible reality, Marine Ecotoxicology offers insights and guidance to mitigate that threat. Provides practical tools and methods for assessing and monitoring the accumulation and effects of contaminants in marine environments Unites world renowned experts in marine ecotoxicology to deliver thorough and diverse perspectives Builds the foundation required for risk assessors and regulators to adequately assess and monitor the impact of pollution in marine environments Offers helpful insights and guidance to graduate students, ecotoxicologists, risk assessors, and regulators interested in mitigating threats to marine waters

Author : Carol M. Lalli
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468464016

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Enclosed Experimental Marine Ecosystems: A Review and Recommendations by Carol M. Lalli Pdf

The application of mesocosms, defined in this report as artificial 3 3 experimental enclosures ranging in size from 1 m to 10m , to address various problems in the marine sciences has been a relatively recent development. The application of the technology was dictated by the realization that many important ocean processes and interactions cannot be fully understood from observations in the natural environment or in smaller enclosures. Such studies involve, for example, determining the interactions between, and energy transfer from, one trophic level to another, the biogeochemical cycling of elements and compounds, etc. These and similar interactions and rate processes cannot normally be established in situations (nature) where the detection and quantification of rate processes are confused by advection and/or the inability to study the same populations over time. In the case of microcosms, mixed populations of primary producers, consumers, and carnivores cannot be maintained, in balance, for a sufficient length of time to determine normal interactions between the various components of these trophic levels. This report, prepared by SCOR Working Group 85, critically examines past applications of mesocosms to ocean research, though there is no attempt to comprehensively review all literature relevant to the subject. Further, the report outlines some important advances emanating from their use and provides recommendations for future applications. It constitutes the first of two reports from the Working Group (see Introduction).

Author : Robert L. Graney
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 738 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2020-10-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000157833

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Aquatic Mesocosm Studies in Ecological Risk Assessment by Robert L. Graney Pdf

A Special Publication of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Aquatic Mesocosm Studies in Ecological Risk Assessment discusses the methods currently used for conducting simulated field studies and provides a series of case histories in which mesocosm type studies have been used to assess the impact of pesticides on aquatic ecosystems. Specific chapters address the dosing and exposure components of such studies and how they influence experimental design. Advantages and disadvantages of various statistical designs are addressed in detail. Regulatory aspects of the design and interpretation of these studies are also covered. The book will be a superb reference for aquatic biologists, ecologists, toxicologists, environmental toxicologists, environmental chemists, and regulatory personnel.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 4318 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2019-04-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128130827

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Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences by Anonim Pdf

The oceans cover 70% of the Earth’s surface, and are critical components of Earth’s climate system. This new edition of Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Six Volume Set summarizes the breadth of knowledge about them, providing revised, up to date entries as well coverage of new topics in the field. New and expanded sections include microbial ecology, high latitude systems and the cryosphere, climate and climate change, hydrothermal and cold seep systems. The structure of the work provides a modern presentation of the field, reflecting the input and different perspective of chemical, physical and biological oceanography, the specialized area of expertise of each of the three Editors-in-Chief. In this framework maximum attention has been devoted to making this an organic and unified reference. Represents a one-stop. organic information resource on the breadth of ocean science research Reflects the input and different perspective of chemical, physical and biological oceanography, the specialized area of expertise of each of the three Editors-in-Chief New and expanded sections include microbial ecology, high latitude systems and climate change Provides scientifically reliable information at a foundational level, making this work a resource for students as well as active researches

Author : Kenneth R. Hinga
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Coastal ecology
ISBN : UCSD:31822020638672

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Marine Eutrophication Review by Kenneth R. Hinga Pdf

Author : Robert H. Gardner,W. Michael. Kemp,Victor S. Kennedy,John E. Petersen
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2012-08-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780231529044

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Scaling Relations in Experimental Ecology by Robert H. Gardner,W. Michael. Kemp,Victor S. Kennedy,John E. Petersen Pdf

-- Ecology

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2013-09-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780124172104

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Global Change in Multispecies Systems: by Anonim Pdf

Advances in Ecological Research is one of the most successful series in the highly competitive field of ecology. Each volume publishes topical and important reviews, interpreting ecology as widely as in the past, to include all material that contributes to our understanding of the field. Topics in this invaluable series include the physiology, populations, and communities of plants and animals, as well as landscape and ecosystem ecology. Topical and important reviews Interpreting ecology as widely as in the past, to include all material that contributes to our understanding of the field Topics include the physiology, populations, and communities of plants and animals, as well as landscape and ecosystem ecology

Author : John E. Petersen,Victor S. Kennedy,William C. Dennison,W. Michael Kemp
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2010-01-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387767673

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Enclosed Experimental Ecosystems and Scale by John E. Petersen,Victor S. Kennedy,William C. Dennison,W. Michael Kemp Pdf

Enclosed ecosystem experiments have gained in popularity as research tools in ecological science, particularly in the study of coastal aquatic environments. These systems provide scientists with a degree of experimental control that is not achievable through field experiments. Yet to date, techniques for systematically extrapolating results from small-scale experimental ecosystems to larger, deeper, more open, more biologically diverse, and more heterogeneous ecosystems in nature have not been well developed. Likewise, researchers have lacked methods for comparing and extrapolating information among natural ecosystems that differ in scale. Enclosed Experimental Ecosystems and Scale: Tools for Understanding and Managing Coastal Ecosystems provides scientists, managers, and policy makers with an introduction to what has been termed the "problem of scale", and presents information that will allow for improved design and interpretation of enclosed experimental aquatic ecosystems. The book integrates the results of a 10-year research project involving a multi-disciplinary team of scientists and students to explore scale-related questions in a variety of coastal habitats. Anticipating use as a reference, the book has been designed so that individual sections and individual pages can function as stand alone units.

Author : Paraskevi Pitta,Barak Herut,Tatiana M. Tsagaraki
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2017-11-16
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9782889453191

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Impact of Aerosols (Saharan Dust and Mixed) on the East Mediterranean Oligotrophic Ecosystem, Results from Experimental Studies by Paraskevi Pitta,Barak Herut,Tatiana M. Tsagaraki Pdf

In oligotrophic environments, dust and nutrient inputs via atmospheric routes are considered important sources of macro-nutrients and micro-trace metals fuelling primary and secondary production. Yet, the impact of these dust inputs on the microbial populations is not fully investigated in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS). The response of oligotrophic systems to dust inputs, whether as positive or negative feedbacks to autotrophic and heterotrophic production and thus to biogeochemical cycling, is important to examine further. Experimental studies have explored nutrient additions in various combinations to determine the limiting resource to productivity or N2 fixation. Recent experimental studies have applied dust enrichments to bottle or mesocosm incubations of seawater from different oceanic regions. This research topic presents two Eastern Mediterranean dust addition mesocosm experiments using, for the first time, real aerosol additions, pure Saharan dust and mixed aerosols (a natural mixture of desert dust and polluted European particles), as well as other EMS aerosol experimental studies. The Topic includes manuscripts introducing results on: a) the impact of Saharan dust vs mixed aerosols on the autotrophic and heterotrophic surface microbial populations in the EMS, b) the impact of single vs multi-pulses of Saharan dust introduction into the pelagic environment of the EMS and c) other experimental studies of aerosol impacts on the EMS ecosystem.

Author : Anastasios Eleftheriou,Christopher Smith,Alan D. Ansell
Publisher : Olsen & Olsen
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Coastal ecology
ISBN : 8785215287

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Biology and Ecology of Shallow Coastal Waters by Anastasios Eleftheriou,Christopher Smith,Alan D. Ansell Pdf

Author : Vineet Kumar,Nandita Dasgupta,Shivendu Ranjan
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 523 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2018-04-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781351252959

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Environmental Toxicity of Nanomaterials by Vineet Kumar,Nandita Dasgupta,Shivendu Ranjan Pdf

Environmental Toxicity of Nanomaterials focuses on causes and prevention of environmental toxicity induced by various nanomaterials. In sixteen chapters it describes the basic principles, trends, challenges, and future directions of nanoecotoxicity. The future acceptance of nanomaterials in various industries depends on the impacts of nanomaterials on the environment and ecosystem. This book analyzes the safe utilization of nanotechnology so the tremendous prospect of nanotechnology can be achieved without harming either living beings or the environment. Environmental Toxicity of Nanomaterials introduces nanoecotoxicity, describes various factors affecting the toxicity of nanomaterials, discusses various factors that can impart nanoecotoxicity, reviews various studies in the area of nanoecotoxicity evaluation, and describes the safety and risk assessment of nanomaterials. In addition, the book discusses strategies for mitigating nanoecotoxicity. Lastly, the authors provide guidelines and protocols for nanotoxicity evaluation and discuss regulations for safety assessment of nanomaterials. In addition to environmental toxicologists, this book is aimed at policy makers, industry personnel, and doctoral and postdoctoral scholars.

Author : Peter J.LeB. Williams,John E. Hobbie
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 577 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468490107

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Heterotrophic Activity in the Sea by Peter J.LeB. Williams,John E. Hobbie Pdf

Introduction This book contains papers given at a NATO Advanced Research Institute (A.R.I.) held at Caiscais, Portugal, in November, 1981. The subject of the A.R.I. was marine heterotrophy; this is defined as the process by which the carbon autotrophically fixed into organic compounds by photosynthesis is transformed and respired. Obviously all animals and many microbes are heterotrophs but here we will deal only with the microbes. Also, we restricted the A.R.I. primarily to microbial heterotrophy in the water column even though we recognize that a great deal occurs in sediments. Most of the recent advances have, in fact, been made in the water column because it is easier to work in a fluid, apparently uniform medium. The reason for the A.R.I. was the rapid development of this subject over the past few years. Methods and arguments have flourished so it is now time for a review and for a sorting out. We wish to thank the NATO Marine Science Committee for sharing this view, F. Azam, A.-L. Meyer-Reil, L. Pomeroy, C. Lee, and B. Hargrave for organizational help, and H. Lang and S. Semino for valuable editing aid.

Author : Simon A. Levin,Mark A. Harwell,John R. Kelly,Kenneth D. Kimball
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 550 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461235200

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Ecotoxicology: Problems and Approaches by Simon A. Levin,Mark A. Harwell,John R. Kelly,Kenneth D. Kimball Pdf

Ecotoxicology is the science that seeks to predict the impacts of chemi cals upon ecosystems. This involves describing and predicting ecological changes ensuing from a variety of human activities that involve release of xenobiotic and other chemicals to the environment. A fundamental principle of ecotoxicology is embodied in the notion of change. Ecosystems themselves are constantly changing due to natural processes, and it is a challenge to distinguish the effects of anthropogenic activities against this background of fluctuations in the natural world. With the frustratingly large, diverse, and ever-emerging sphere of envi ronmental problems that ecotoxicology must address, the approaches to individual problems also must vary. In part, as a consequence, there is no established protocol for application of the science to environmental prob lem-solving. The conceptual and methodological bases for ecotoxicology are, how ever, in their infancy, and thus still growing with new experiences. In deed, the only robust generalization for research on different ecosystems and different chemical stresses seems to be a recognition of the necessity of an ecosystem perspective as focus for assessment. This ecosystem basis for ecotoxicology was the major theme of a previous pUblication by the Ecosystems Research Center at Cornell University, a special issue of Environmental Management (Levin et al. 1984). With that effort, we also recognized an additional necessity: there should be a continued develop ment of methods and expanded recognition of issues for ecotoxicology and for the associated endeavor of environmental management.

Author : James J. McCarthy,Allan R. Robinson,Brian J. Rothschild
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 668 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0674017420

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The Global Coastal Ocean by James J. McCarthy,Allan R. Robinson,Brian J. Rothschild Pdf