Markedness Theory

Author : Edna Andrews
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1990-05-09
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9780822382881

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Markedness Theory by Edna Andrews Pdf

Edna Andrews clarifies and extends the work of Roman Jakobson to develop a theory of invariants in language by distinguishing between general and contextual meaning in morphology and semantics. Markedness theory, as Jakobson conceived it, is a qualitative theory of oppositional binary relations. Andrews shows how markedness theory enables a linguist to precisely define the systemically given oppositions and hierarchies represented by linguistic categories. In addition, she redefines the relationship between Jakobsonian markedness theory and Peircean interpretants. Though primarily theoretical, the argument is illustrated with discussions about learning a second language, the relationship of linguistics to mathematics (particularly set theory, algebra, topology, and statistics) in their mutual pursuit of invariance, and issues involving grammatical gender and their implications in several languages.

Author : Robert K. Herbert
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2011-06-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110865936

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Language Universals, Markedness Theory, and Natural Phonetic Processes by Robert K. Herbert Pdf

TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as neuroscience and cognitive science. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing.

Author : Fred Eckman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1986-09-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0306423723

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Markedness by Fred Eckman Pdf

This volume presents the proceedIngs of the Twelfth Annual LIn guistics Symposium of the UniversIty of WisconsIn-Milwaukee held March 11-12, 1983 on the campus of UWM. It includes all papers that were given at the conference with the exception of Genevieve Escure and Glenn Gilbert's joint paper "Syntactic marking/unmarking phenomena in the creole continuum of Belize" which was not submitted for publication by the authors. Many of the papers appear in this volume in a revised form that is somewhat different from the oral version. We would like to thank the various departments and other units at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee that sponsored the mark- ness symposium. These are: the Department of Linguistics, the English as a Second Language Intensive Program, the College of Let ters and Science, the Division of Urban Outreach, the Center for Latin America and the Spanish Speaking Outreach Institute. Finally, we wish to thank Lisa Carrara for doing a careful joh on the preparation of the index, and J. L. Russell, for his patience and perseverance in typing a difficult manuscript.

Author : Edwin L. Battistella,Dean School of Arts and Letters and Professor of English Edwin L Battistella
Publisher : SUNY Press
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1990-01-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0791403696

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Markedness by Edwin L. Battistella,Dean School of Arts and Letters and Professor of English Edwin L Battistella Pdf

Battistella traces the development of markedness theory as a central part of structuralist theories of language. He outlines the concepts of marked and unmarked from Prague School structuralism to present day applications in linguistic theory and cultural analysis, using the reference point of English grammar and sound structure. The author focuses on the fundamental asymmetry between terms of linguistic relationships, in which one term is more broadly defined and hence dominant (the unmarked term) while the other is more narrowly defined (the marked term). In addition to examining language-particular markedness relations evident in the structure and history of English, Battistella raises questions concerning universal asymmetries as well. He discusses the status of markedness as a unifying concept of linguistic structure and as a principle of language change.

Author : Edna Andrews
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1990-05-09
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0822309599

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Markedness Theory by Edna Andrews Pdf

Edna Andrews clarifies and extends the work of Roman Jakobson to develop a theory of invariants in language by distinguishing between general and contextual meaning in morphology and semantics. Markedness theory, as Jakobson conceived it, is a qualitative theory of oppositional binary relations. Andrews shows how markedness theory enables a linguist to precisely define the systemically given oppositions and hierarchies represented by linguistic categories. In addition, she redefines the relationship between Jakobsonian markedness theory and Peircean interpretants. Though primarily theoretical, the argument is illustrated with discussions about learning a second language, the relationship of linguistics to mathematics (particularly set theory, algebra, topology, and statistics) in their mutual pursuit of invariance, and issues involving grammatical gender and their implications in several languages.

Author : Krystyna Pomorska,Elzbieta Chodakowska,Hugh McLean,Brent Vine
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2015-04-28
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110862812

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Language, Poetry and Poetics by Krystyna Pomorska,Elzbieta Chodakowska,Hugh McLean,Brent Vine Pdf

Author : Olga Mišeska Tomić
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : UOM:39015037456939

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Markedness in Synchrony and Diachrony by Olga Mišeska Tomić Pdf

Author : Paul de Lacy
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2006-08-17
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781139457910

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Markedness by Paul de Lacy Pdf

'Markedness' refers to the tendency of languages to show a preference for particular structures or sounds. This bias towards 'marked' elements is consistent within and across languages, and tells us a great deal about what languages can and cannot do. This pioneering study presents a groundbreaking theory of markedness in phonology. De Lacy argues that markedness is part of our linguistic competence, and is determined by three conflicting mechanisms in the brain: (a) pressure to preserve marked sounds ('preservation'), (b) pressure to turn marked sounds into unmarked sounds ('reduction'), and (c) a mechanism allowing the distinction between marked and unmarked sounds to be collapsed ('conflation'). He shows that due to these mechanisms, markedness occurs only when preservation is irrelevant. Drawing on examples of phenomena such as epenthesis, neutralisation, assimilation, vowel reduction and sonority-driven stress, Markedness offers an important insight into this essential concept in the understanding of human language.

Author : Viktor Elšik,Yaron Matras
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 501 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2008-08-22
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110197594

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Markedness and Language Change by Viktor Elšik,Yaron Matras Pdf

'Markedness' is a central notion in linguistic theory. This book is the first to provide a comprehensive survey of markedness relations across various grammatical categories, in a sample of closely-related speech varieties. It is based on a sample of over 100 dialects of Romani, collected and processed via the Romani Morpho-Syntax (RMS) Database - a comparative grammatical outline in electronic form, constructed by the authors between 2000-2004. Romani dialects provide an exciting sample of language change phenomena: they are oral languages, which have been separated and dispersed from some six centuries, and are strongly shaped by the influence of diverse contact languages. The book takes a typological approach to markedness, viewing it as a hierarchy among values that is conditioned by conceptual and cognitive universals. But it introduces a functional-pragmatic notion of markedness, as a grammaticalised strategy employed in order to priositise information. In what is referred to as 'dynamic', such prioritisation is influenced by an interplay of factors: the values within a category and the conceptual notions that they represent, the grammatical structure onto which the category values are mapped, and the kind of strategy that is applied in order to prioritise certain value. Consequently, the book contains a thorough survey of some 20 categories (e.g Person, Number, Gender, and so on) and their formal representation in various grammatical structures across the sample. The various accepted criteria for markedness (e.g. Complexity, Differentiation, Erosion, and so on) are examined systematically in relation to the values of each and every category, for each relevant structure. The outcome is a novel picture of how different markedness criteria may cluster for certain categories, giving a concrete reality to the hitherto rather vague notion of markedness. Borrowing and its relation to markedness is also examined, offering new insights into the motivations behind contact-induced change.

Author : Andrea Calabrese
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 549 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2008-08-22
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110197600

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Markedness and Economy in a Derivational Model of Phonology by Andrea Calabrese Pdf

This book proposes a new model of phonology that integrates rules and repairs triggered by markedness constraints in a classical derivational model. In developing this theory, the book offers new solutions to many long-standing problems involving syllabic and segmental phonology with analyses of natural language data, both well-known and relatively unknown. The book also includes a new treatment of Palatalization and Affrication processes, a novel theory of feature visibility as an alternative to feature underspecification and an extensive critique of Optimality Theory.

Author : Klaas Willems,Ludovic De Cuypere
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027243430

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Naturalness and Iconicity in Language by Klaas Willems,Ludovic De Cuypere Pdf

This volume examines unresolved issues in iconicity and naturalness in language. The studies discuss topics such as naturalism in the philosophy of language and the epistemology of linguistics, linguistic iconicity in semiotics, iconic structures in Sign Languages, natural and unnatural sound patterns, the iconic nature of parts of speech, the relation between (un)markedness and naturalness, and lexical and syntactic iconicity.

Author : Paul de Lacy
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 660 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2007-02-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781139462051

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The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology by Paul de Lacy Pdf

Phonology - the study of how the sounds of speech are represented in our minds - is one of the core areas of linguistic theory, and is central to the study of human language. This handbook brings together the world's leading experts in phonology to present the most comprehensive and detailed overview of the field. Focusing on research and the most influential theories, the authors discuss each of the central issues in phonological theory, explore a variety of empirical phenomena, and show how phonology interacts with other aspects of language such as syntax, morphology, phonetics, and language acquisition. Providing a one-stop guide to every aspect of this important field, The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology will serve as an invaluable source of readings for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, an informative overview for linguists and a useful starting point for anyone beginning phonological research.

Author : S. Flynn,W. O'Neil
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 455 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789400927339

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Linguistic Theory in Second Language Acquisition by S. Flynn,W. O'Neil Pdf

Suzanne Flynn and Wayne O'Neil Massachusetts Institute of Technology I. INTRODUCTION The theory of Universal Grammar (UG) as explicated e. g. in Chomsky, 1986, has led to explosive developments in the study of natural language as well as to significant advances in the study of first language (L I) acquisition. Most recently. the theory of UG has led to important theore tical and empirical advances in the field of adult second language (L2) acquisition as well. The principle impetus for this development can be traced to the work in linguistics which shifted the study "from behavior or the products of behavior to states of the mind/brain that enter into behavior" (Chomksy. 1986:3). Grammars within this framework are conceived of as theoretical accounts of "the state of the mind/brain of the person who knows a particular language" (Chomsky. 1986:3). Research within fields of language acquisition seeks to isolate and specify the properties of the underlying competence necessary for language learning. Full development of a theory of UG demands study and understanding of the nature of both the formal properties of language and of the language acquisition process itself. However. while there is a tradition of debate and dialogue established between theoretical linguistics and Ll acquisition research. relatively few connections have been made between linguistic theory and L2 acquisition research.

Author : Adriana Belletti,Luciana Brandi,Luigi Rizzi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 628 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Generative grammar
ISBN : UOM:39015010399577

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Theory of Markedness in Generative Grammar by Adriana Belletti,Luciana Brandi,Luigi Rizzi Pdf

Author : Josine A. Lalleman
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 3110151502

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Investigating Second Language Acquisition by Josine A. Lalleman Pdf

The book concerns theoretical, interdisciplinary and methodological issues in L2 acquisition research. It gives an accurate and up-to-date overview of high quality work currently in progress in research methodology, processing, principles and parameters theory, phonology, the bilingual lexicon, input and instruction. The volume will have the purpose of a handbook for teachers, students and researchers in the area of second language acquisition. The aim is to provide the reader with an acquisition perspective on processes of second and foreign language learning.