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Author : Maurice Lévy,Jean Liopoulos,Raymond Gastmans,Jean-Marc Gérard
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 395 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781489902429
Proceedings of a NATO ASI held in Cargèse, France, August 5-17, 1996
Author : Clifford E. Swartz
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1965
Category : Particles (Nuclear physics).
ISBN : UCAL:B4197142
Author : Geoff Cottrell
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2019-03-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780192529183
What is matter? Matter is the stuff from which we and all the things in the world are made. Everything around us, from desks, to books, to our own bodies are made of atoms, which are small enough that a million of them can fit across the breadth of a human hair. Inside every atom is a tiny nucleus and orbiting the nucleus is a cloud of electrons. The nucleus is made out of protons and neutrons, and by zooming in further you would find that inside each there are even smaller particles, quarks. Together with electrons, the quarks are the smallest particles that have been seen, and are the indivisible fundamental particles of nature that have existed since the Big Bang, almost 14 billion years ago. The 92 different chemical elements that all normal matter is made from were forged billions of years ago in the Big Bang, inside stars, and in violent stellar explosions. This Very Short Introduction takes us on a journey from the human scale of matter in the familiar everyday forms of solids, liquids, and gases to plasmas, exotic forms of quantum matter, and antimatter. On the largest scales matter is sculpted by gravity into planets, stars, galaxies, and vast clusters of galaxies. All the matter that that we normally encounter however constitutes only 5% of the matter that exists. The remaining 95% comes in two mysterious forms: dark matter, and dark energy. Dark matter is necessary to stop the galaxies from flying apart, and dark energy is needed to explain the observed acceleration of the expansion of the universe. Geoff Cottrell explores the latest research into matter, and shows that there is still a lot we don't know about the stuff our universe is made of. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Author : John Iliopoulos
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 151 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780198805175
The discovery of a new elementary particle at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN in 2012 made headlines in world media. Since we already know of a large number of elementary particles, why did this latest discovery generate so much excitement? This small book reveals that this particle provides the key to understanding one of the most extraordinary phenomena which occurred in the early Universe. It introduces the mechanism that made possible, within tiny fractions of a second after the Big Bang, the generation of massive particles. The Origin of Mass is a guided tour of cosmic evolution, from the Big Bang to the elementary particles we study in our accelerators today. The guiding principle of this book is a concept of symmetry which, in a profound and fascinating way, seems to determine the structure of the Universe.
Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on Elementary-Particle Physics
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1998-04-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309174169
Part of the Physics in a New Era series of assessments of the various branches of the field, Elementary-Particle Physics reviews progress in the field over the past 10 years and recommends actions needed to address the key questions that remain unanswered. It explains in simple terms the present picture of how matter is constructed. As physicists have probed ever deeper into the structure of matter, they have begun to explore one of the most fundamental questions that one can ask about the universe: What gives matter its mass? A new international accelerator to be built at the European laboratory CERN will begin to explore some of the mechanisms proposed to give matter its heft. The committee recommends full U.S. participation in this project as well as various other experiments and studies to be carried out now and in the longer term.
Author : Lincoln Wolfenstein,Joao P. Silva
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2010-09-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 1439836132
The search for the elementary constituents of the physical universe and the interactions between them has transformed over time and continues to evolve today, as we seek answers to questions about the existence of stars, galaxies, and humankind. Integrating both theoretical and experimental work, Exploring Fundamental Particles traces the development of this fascinating field, from the discoveries of Newton, Fermi, and Feynman to the detection of CP violation and neutrinos to the quest to observe the Higgs boson and beyond. An Accessible yet In-Depth Account of How Fundamental Particles Shape Our World The book first examines the experiments and theoretical ideas that gave rise to the standard model. It discusses special relativity, angular momentum, spin, the Dirac electron, quantum field theory, Feynman diagrams, Pauli’s neutrino, Fermi’s weak interaction, Yukawa’s pion, the muon neutrino, quarks, leptons, and flavor symmetry. The authors then explain the violation of the symmetry between matter and antimatter, known as CP violation. They cover the discoveries of CP violation in the decays of kaons and B mesons as well as future experiments that could detect possible CP violation beyond the standard model. In the next part, the authors present experimental results involving the once-mysterious neutrino. They explore the evidence that neutrinos have mass, new neutrino experiments in various countries, and the potential of neutrino astronomy to offer a new perspective on stars and galaxies. The final section focuses on the one undetected particle of the standard model: the Higgs boson. The authors review the experiments that established important constraints on the mass of the Higgs particle. They also highlight recent experiments of the Tevatron particle accelerator at Fermilab, along with the near future impact of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN and the longer term impact of the International Linear Collider (ILC). The Foundation for New Discoveries A clear picture of the historic breakthroughs and latest findings in the particle physics community, this book guides you through the theories and experiments surrounding fundamental particles and the main forces between them. It sets the stage for the next transformation in modern science.
Author : L. J. Tassie
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1973
Category : Particles (Nuclear physics)
ISBN : UCAL:B4423404
Author : Martinus J G Veltman
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2018-03-21
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789813237070
This book provides a comprehensive overview of modern particle physics accessible to anyone with a true passion for wanting to know how the universe works. We are introduced to the known particles of the world we live in. An elegant explanation of quantum mechanics and relativity paves the way for an understanding of the laws that govern particle physics. These laws are put into action in the world of accelerators, colliders and detectors found at institutions such as CERN and Fermilab that are in the forefront of technical innovation. Real world and theory meet using Feynman diagrams to solve the problems of infinities and deduce the need for the Higgs boson. Facts and Mysteries in Elementary Particle Physics offers an incredible insight from an eyewitness and participant in some of the greatest discoveries in 20th century science. From Einstein's theory of relativity to the spectacular discovery of the Higgs particle, this book will fascinate and educate anyone interested in the world of quarks, leptons and gauge theories. This book also contains many thumbnail sketches of particle physics personalities, including contemporaries as seen through the eyes of the author. Illustrated with pictures, these candid sketches present rare, perceptive views of the characters that populate the field. The Chapter on Particle Theory, in a pre-publication, was termed "superbly lucid" by David Miller in Nature (Vol. 396, 17 Dec. 1998, p. 642). Contents: IntroductionPreliminariesThe Standard ModelQuantum Mechanics. MixingEnergy, Momentum and Mass-ShellDetectionAccelerators and Storage RingsThe CERN Neutrino ExperimentThe Particle ZooParticle TheoryFinding the HiggsQuantum ChromodynamicsEpilogueAddendum Readership: Students, lay people and anyone interested in the world of elementary particles. Keywords: Particle Physics;Quantum Mechanics;Relativity;Quarks;Leptons;Gauge Theories;Higgs ParticleReview: Reviews of the First Edition: "Veltman's life spans the history of particle physics, from Antiparticles to Z bosons. So does his crystal clear book, which tells all you want to know about the strange sub-nuclear world and the stranger scientists that study it ... a thrilling tale about the world's tiniest things." Sheldon Glashow Nobel laureate Boston University "I must congratulate you! The book you have written is truly a masterpiece. Not only have you explained the physics of the world of elementary particles to the young aspiring student, but you have made it available to the intelligent layman. On top of that you gave it the humanity it deserves; reading this book brought me back to the most exciting period of my life in which every day brought a new discovery and we all fought for recognition. I can truly say that there is no book like this." Melvin Schwartz Nobel laureate Columbia University "Veltman's ... transparent explanations of the abstract theories of quantum mechanics and special relativity, his lucid accounts of esoteric subjects in particle physics, such as scaling, Higgs particle and renormalizability ... are very impressive. The book will interest anyone who is interested in the view of the physical world held by contemporary fundamental physicists."T Y Cao Boston University "I greatly enjoyed finally reading a book that goes into the details I always wanted ... Veltman has the courage to try a deeper level about what we understand and what is simply fact ... Even if you have read books popularizing physics befor
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2024-06-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789814477239
Author : Malcolm H. MacGregor
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789812708366
This book is centered on the most pressing unsolved problem in elementary particle physics OCo the mass generation of particles. It contains physics that is not included in the Standard Model as it is now formulated, while at the same time being in conformity with the major results of the Standard Model, i.e. isotopic spins and interactions. It differs from the Standard Model in the treatment of masses and pseudoscalar mesons, and in the role assigned to the coupling constant ?. Presented in a careful and phenomenological way, the material can easily be followed by all physicists, both experimental and theoretical, and also by interested workers in other fields. The authorOCOs website OCo 70mev.org OCo gives additional information about the applications of the constant ? in particle physics."
Author : Brian G. Duff
Publisher : Taylor & Francis Group
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Leptons (Nuclear physics)
ISBN : UCAL:B5012404
Author : Harald Fritzsch
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789812561411
This highly readable book uncovers the mysteries of the physics of elementary particles for a broad audience. From the familiar notions of atoms and molecules to the complex ideas of the grand unification of all the basic forces, this book allows the interested lay public to appreciate the fascinating building blocks of matter that make up our universe.Beginning with a description of the quantum nature of atoms and particles, readers are introduced to the elementary constituents of atomic nuclei: quarks. The book goes on to consider all of the important ideas in particle physics: quantum electrodynamics and quantum chromodynamics, the theory of strong interactions, the gauge theories of the weak and electromagnetic interactions, as well as the problem of mass generation. To conclude the book, the ideas of grand unification are described, and finally, some applications to astrophysics are discussed.Your guide to this exciting world is an author who, together with the originator of the idea of quarks, Murray Gell-Mann, has played an important role in the development of the theory of quantum chromodynamics and the concept of grand unification.
Author : Lev B Okun
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1991-09-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789814506557
This volume brings together a collection of review talks and popular science papers by the distinguished Soviet theorist Lev Okun. The talks were given at major international conferences on elementary particle physics during the 1980's. The papers discuss experimental tests of fundamental physical principles and the concept of mass in relativity theory. Contents:Particle Physics Prospects: August 1981High Energy Physics — '86From Pions to WionsWhat Have We Learned about Neutrinos? Fermion FamiliesComments on Testing Charge Conservation and the Pauli Exclusion PrincipleThe Concept of Mass (Mass, Energy, Relativity)The Concept of MassPutting to Rest Mass Misconceptions Readership: High energy physicists. keywords:Particles;Lev Okun;High Energy Physics;Neutrinos;Pauli Exclusion
Author : Otto Nachtmann
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 592 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Particles (Nuclear physics)
ISBN : UCLA:L0065874471
Author : C. Amsler
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Nuclear physics
ISBN : 0750311401
This book provides an introductory course on Nuclear and Particle physics for undergraduate and early-graduate students, which the author has taught for several years at the University of Zurich. It contains fundamentals on both nuclear physics and particle physics. Emphasis is given to the discovery and history of developments in the field, and is experimentally/phenomenologically oriented. It contains detailed derivations of formulae such as 2- 3 body phase space, the Weinberg-Salam model, and neutrino scattering. Originally published in German as 'Kern- und Teilchenphysik', several sections have been added to this new English version to cover very modern topics, including updates on neutrinos, the Higgs boson, the top quark and bottom quark physics. - Prové de l'editor.