Materials In Transition

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The Material Basis of Energy Transitions

Alena Bleicher,Alexandra Pehlken
The Material Basis of Energy Transitions Book PDF

Author : Alena Bleicher,Alexandra Pehlken
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2020-08-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128235546

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The Material Basis of Energy Transitions by Alena Bleicher,Alexandra Pehlken Pdf

The Material Basis of Energy Transitions explores the intersection between critical raw material provision and the energy system. Chapters draw on examples and case studies involving energy technologies (e.g., electric power, transport) and raw material provision (e.g., mining, recycling), and consider these in their regional and global contexts. The book critically discusses issues such as the notion of criticality in the context of a circular economy, approaches for estimating the need for raw materials, certification schemes for raw materials, the role of consumers, and the impact of renewable energy development on resource conflicts. Each chapter deals with a specific issue that characterizes the interdependency between critical raw materials and renewable energies by examining case studies from a particular conceptual perspective. The book is a resource for students and researchers from the social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering, as well as interdisciplinary scholars interested in the field of renewable energies, the circular economy, recycling, transport, and mining. The book is also of interest to policymakers in the fields of renewable energy, recycling, and mining, professionals from the energy and resource industries, as well as energy experts and consultants looking for an interdisciplinary assessment of critical materials. Provides a comprehensive overview of key issues related to the nexus between renewable energy and critical raw materials Explores interdisciplinary perspectives from the natural sciences, engineering, and social sciences Discusses critical strategies to address the nexus from a practitioner's perspective

Glass Transition and Phase Transitions in Food and Biological Materials

Jasim Ahmed
Glass Transition and Phase Transitions in Food and Biological Materials Book PDF

Author : Jasim Ahmed
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2017-02-03
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781118935712

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Glass Transition and Phase Transitions in Food and Biological Materials by Jasim Ahmed Pdf

Glass and State Transitions in Food and Biological Materials describes how glass transition has been applied to food micro-structure, food processing, product development, storage studies, packaging development and other areas. This book has been structured so that readers can initially grasp the basic principles and instrumentation, before moving through the various applications. In summary, the book will provide the “missing link” between food science and material science/polymer engineering. This will allow food scientists to better understand the concept and applications of thermal properties.

The Glass Transition

E. Donth
The Glass Transition Book PDF

Author : E. Donth
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783662043653

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The Glass Transition by E. Donth Pdf

Describes and interrelates the following processes: cooperative alpha processes in a cold liquid, structural relaxation in the glass near Tg, the Johari-Goldstein beta process, the Williams-Götze process in a warm liquid, fast nonactivated cage rattling and boson peak, and ultraslow Fischer modes.

The Material Limits of Energy Transition: Thanatia

Alicia Valero,Antonio Valero,Guiomar Calvo
The Material Limits of Energy Transition Thanatia Book PDF

Author : Alicia Valero,Antonio Valero,Guiomar Calvo
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 9783030785338

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The Material Limits of Energy Transition: Thanatia by Alicia Valero,Antonio Valero,Guiomar Calvo Pdf

Earth has become a huge mine, with a greater quantity and variety of fundamental mineral resources being extracted year after year. Technology, from electric cars to everyday electrical equipment, consume vast amounts of scarce raw materials. On a planet with limited resources, are these minerals being properly assessed? Will there be enough raw materials to meet the demand of a world population on track to reach 10 billion people? What will be the consequences of accelerated resource depredation? Will the planet one day become 'Thanatia', a resource-exhausted Earth? This book allows readers to understand the mineral heritage of the Earth, considering the demand for raw materials in society, comparing it with the availability of resources on Earth and the impact of mining. The basics of physical geonomics are exlpained, allowing readers to analyse the loss of mineral resources on the planet. The impact of renewable energies and technologies, including electric vehicles, are studied. The book concludes with possible solutions to mineral depletion, from increasing recycling rates, ecodesign measures or alternative sources of mineral resources. Providing numerous tables and illustrations, 'The Material Limits of Energy Transition: Thanatia' gives readers a thorough understanding of mineral depletion. Exploring geology, geochemistry, mining, metallurgy, the environment and thermodynamics, this is a truly holistic book.

Biobased Industrial Products

National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Biology,Committee on Biobased Industrial Products
Biobased Industrial Products Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Biology,Committee on Biobased Industrial Products
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2000-02-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309175401

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Biobased Industrial Products by National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Biology,Committee on Biobased Industrial Products Pdf

Petroleum-based industrial products have gradually replaced products derived from biological materials. However, biologically based products are making a comebackâ€"because of a threefold increase in farm productivity and new technologies. Biobased Industrial Products envisions a biobased industrial future, where starch will be used to make biopolymers and vegetable oils will become a routine component in lubricants and detergents. Biobased Industrial Products overviews the U.S. land resources available for agricultural production, summarizes plant materials currently produced, and describes prospects for increasing varieties and yields. The committee discusses the concept of the biorefinery and outlines proven and potential thermal, mechanical, and chemical technologies for conversion of natural resources to industrial applications. The committee also illustrates the developmental dynamics of biobased products through existing examples, as well as products still on the drawing board, and it identifies priorities for research and development.

Critical Materials and Sustainability Transition

Arda Işıldar,Eric D. van Hullebusch,Donald Huisingh
Critical Materials and Sustainability Transition Book PDF

Author : Arda Işıldar,Eric D. van Hullebusch,Donald Huisingh
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 179 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2023-12-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781003810933

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Critical Materials and Sustainability Transition by Arda Işıldar,Eric D. van Hullebusch,Donald Huisingh Pdf

Critical minerals play a vital role in the ongoing energy transition, which aims to shift global energy systems towards more sustainable and low-carbon alternatives. These minerals, also known as critical minerals, are essential components in various clean energy technologies such as wind turbines, solar panels, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. They possess unique properties that enable efficient energy generation, storage, and transmission. For instance, neodymium, a rare earth element, is crucial for the production of high-performance magnets used in wind turbines and electric motors. Lithium, another critical mineral, is a key component in rechargeable batteries powering electric vehicles and energy storage solutions. As the demand for clean energy technologies continues to rise, securing a sustainable and reliable supply of critical minerals becomes increasingly important to support the global energy transition and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. In this book, we investigate various aspects of critical mineral governance in the context of sustainability transition. We give perspectives around the critical metal requirements of sustainability transition in a forward-looking manner. We discuss the answers to the following questions: What role do the critical raw materials play in the transition to a sustainable economy and energy systems transformation? What are the bottlenecks in achieving a sustainable critical material supply? How do the critical minerals enable renewable energy transition and sustainable development? What is their role in the sustainability transition? How is mineral criticality assessed? And how critical are minerals? What are some regional differences in terms of critical mineral availability, processing capacity, and the supply chain? What strategy should be followed in deciding between primary raw materials and secondary raw materials in supplying critical raw materials for the transition to a sustainable economy? What is the (known) critical material budget, and how does it fit with the climate pledges? The authors of the chapters of this book take a multi-perspective approach and provide insights from industrial ecology, environmental engineering, and sustainable management of natural resources. The information provided will help readers to understand critical metal requirements of present and future key technologies and will help societies to develop and implement sustainable supply strategies.

Solid States

Michael Bell,Craig Buckley
Solid States Book PDF

Author : Michael Bell,Craig Buckley
Publisher : Princeton Architectural Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2010-12
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 1568988958

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Solid States by Michael Bell,Craig Buckley Pdf

DVD features highlights from the conference held at Columbia University.

Transition Metal Doped Spintronics Materials

R. Saravanan
Transition Metal Doped Spintronics Materials Book PDF

Author : R. Saravanan
Publisher : Materials Research Forum LLC
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2023-02-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781644902257

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Transition Metal Doped Spintronics Materials by R. Saravanan Pdf

The book presents new research on the synthesis and characterization of various oxide based dilute magnetic spintronics materials (ODMS). The characterization techniques included powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and UV visible spectrometry. The morphological, magnetic and optical properties are reported. Electron density distribution studies are presented in the form of three, two and one dimensional electron density maps. Keywords: Spintronics Materials, Zn1-xTixO, Zn1-xFexO, Zn1-xVxO, Zn1-xNix/2Vx/2O, Synthesis, X-ray Diffraction. Rietveld Analysis, Surface Morphological Properties, Optical Properties, Magnetic Properties, Charge Density Analysis, Electron Density Distribution.

Our Common Journey

National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Policy Division,Board on Sustainable Development
Our Common Journey Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Policy Division,Board on Sustainable Development
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1999-12-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309086387

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Our Common Journey by National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Policy Division,Board on Sustainable Development Pdf

World human population is expected to reach upwards of 9 billion by 2050 and then level off over the next half-century. How can the transition to a stabilizing population also be a transition to sustainability? How can science and technology help to ensure that human needs are met while the planet's environment is nurtured and restored? Our Common Journey examines these momentous questions to draw strategic connections between scientific research, technological development, and societies' efforts to achieve environmentally sustainable improvements in human well being. The book argues that societies should approach sustainable development not as a destination but as an ongoing, adaptive learning process. Speaking to the next two generations, it proposes a strategy for using scientific and technical knowledge to better inform future action in the areas of fertility reduction, urban systems, agricultural production, energy and materials use, ecosystem restoration and biodiversity conservation, and suggests an approach for building a new research agenda for sustainability science. Our Common Journey documents large-scale historical currents of social and environmental change and reviews methods for "what if" analysis of possible future development pathways and their implications for sustainability. The book also identifies the greatest threats to sustainabilityâ€"in areas such as human settlements, agriculture, industry, and energyâ€"and explores the most promising opportunities for circumventing or mitigating these threats. It goes on to discuss what indicators of change, from children's birth-weights to atmosphere chemistry, will be most useful in monitoring a transition to sustainability.

Bibliography of Magnetic Materials and Tabulation of Magnetic Transition Temperatures

T. F. Connolly
Bibliography of Magnetic Materials and Tabulation of Magnetic Transition Temperatures Book PDF

Author : T. F. Connolly
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468413960

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Bibliography of Magnetic Materials and Tabulation of Magnetic Transition Temperatures by T. F. Connolly Pdf

This referenced compilation of magnetic transition temperatures represents (with the Addendum) papers actually received by the RMIC through May 1972 and consists of two lists (alphabetical by compounds), one for Curie and one for Neel temperatures. Where different values appeared in the literature for a single compound, all are listed with sepa rate references given for each. There is no attempt at critical evaluation, which, except for a few welt-studied and well characterized materials, would hardly be worth the effort. All that one can say for most of the compounds is that for a given material with a certain (or all too often uncertain) history of preparati'on and treatment, stoichiometry, homoge neity, and chemical or structural purity a magnetic transition was indicated at the temperature(s) listed. Only when the reasons for different values are explicitly stated in the literature do they appear as brief comments in the body of the lists. In order to include the most recent data, and to eliminate the delay involved in recomposition of the lists, an addendum is provided. While this requires the perusal of two lists rather than one, it does ensure that the compilation represents the entire RMIC collection at the moment of going to press. The 2478 references are restricted to those papers specifying a Curie or Neel temperature and do not reflect the complete magnetics literature even for the materials listed.

E-Waste in Transition

Florin-Constantin Mihai
E Waste in Transition Book PDF

Author : Florin-Constantin Mihai
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2016-06-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789535124993

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E-Waste in Transition by Florin-Constantin Mihai Pdf

E-waste management is a serious challenge across developed, transition, and developing countries because of the consumer society and the globalization process. E-waste is a fast-growing waste stream which needs more attention of international organizations, governments, and local authorities in order to improve the current waste management practices. The book reveals the pollution side of this waste stream with critical implications on the environment and public health, and also it points out the resource side which must be further developed under the circular economy framework with respect to safety regulations. In this context, complicated patterns at the global scale emerge under legal and illegal e-waste trades. The linkages between developed and developing countries and key issues of e-waste management sector are further examined in the book.

Global Material Resources Outlook to 2060 Economic Drivers and Environmental Consequences

OECD
Global Material Resources Outlook to 2060 Economic Drivers and Environmental Consequences Book PDF

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2019-02-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264307452

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Global Material Resources Outlook to 2060 Economic Drivers and Environmental Consequences by OECD Pdf

This report presents global projections of materials use and their environmental consequences, providing a quantitative outlook to 2060 at the global, sectoral and regional levels for 61 different materials (biomass resources, fossil fuels, metals and non-metallic minerals). It explains the ...

Accelerating Technology Transition

National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design,National Materials Advisory Board,Committee on Accelerating Technology Transition
Accelerating Technology Transition Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design,National Materials Advisory Board,Committee on Accelerating Technology Transition
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2004-11-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309093170

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Accelerating Technology Transition by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design,National Materials Advisory Board,Committee on Accelerating Technology Transition Pdf

Accelerating the transition of new technologies into systems and products will be crucial to the Department of Defenses development of a lighter, more flexible fighting force. Current long transition times-ten years or more is now typical-are attributed to the complexity of the process. To help meet these challenges, the Department of Defense asked the National Research Council to examine lessons learned from rapid technology applications by integrated design and manufacturing groups. This report presents the results of that study, which was based on a workshop held to explore these successful cases. Three key areas emerged: creating a culture for innovation and rapid technology transition; methodologies and approaches; and enabling tools and databases.

Rare Earth and Transition Metal Doping of Semiconductor Materials

Volkmar Dierolf,Ian Ferguson,John M Zavada
Rare Earth and Transition Metal Doping of Semiconductor Materials Book PDF

Author : Volkmar Dierolf,Ian Ferguson,John M Zavada
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
Page : 470 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2016-01-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780081000601

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Rare Earth and Transition Metal Doping of Semiconductor Materials by Volkmar Dierolf,Ian Ferguson,John M Zavada Pdf

Rare Earth and Transition Metal Doping of Semiconductor Material explores traditional semiconductor devices that are based on control of the electron’s electric charge. This book looks at the semiconductor materials used for spintronics applications, in particular focusing on wide band-gap semiconductors doped with transition metals and rare earths. These materials are of particular commercial interest because their spin can be controlled at room temperature, a clear opposition to the most previous research on Gallium Arsenide, which allowed for control of spins at supercold temperatures. Part One of the book explains the theory of magnetism in semiconductors, while Part Two covers the growth of semiconductors for spintronics. Finally, Part Three looks at the characterization and properties of semiconductors for spintronics, with Part Four exploring the devices and the future direction of spintronics. Examines materials which are of commercial interest for producing smaller, faster, and more power-efficient computers and other devices Analyzes the theory behind magnetism in semiconductors and the growth of semiconductors for spintronics Details the properties of semiconductors for spintronics

Spectroscopy of Transition Metal Ions on Surfaces

Bert M. Weckhuysen,Pascal Voort,Gabriela Catana
Spectroscopy of Transition Metal Ions on Surfaces Book PDF

Author : Bert M. Weckhuysen,Pascal Voort,Gabriela Catana
Publisher : Leuven University Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Science
ISBN : 9058670252

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Spectroscopy of Transition Metal Ions on Surfaces by Bert M. Weckhuysen,Pascal Voort,Gabriela Catana Pdf

Chemical industries are based on catalytic processes as both bulk and fine chemicals are often produced with heterogeneous catalysts. Transition metal ions dispersed on high-surface area inorganic solids are very important catalysts and a full characterization of these materials requires a profound knowledge of the oxidation state, coordination environment and dispersion of the metal ions on the catalyst surface. Such information can only be obtained by using a combination of complementary spectroscopic techniques. 'Spectroscopy of Transition metal ions on Surfaces' serves as an introduction to some of the most important spectroscopic techniques nowadays used for studying the chemistry and catalytic properties of transition metal ions on surfaces. The basic principles and the strengths and weaknesses of continuous wave electron spin resonance, pulsed electron spin resonance, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are critically reviewed by internationally recognized experts. This gives the reader a solid background for judging literature results and for planning and conducting his/her own experiments. Each chapter closes with several relevant examples mainly from the recent literature. In addition, the use of in situ techniques and chemometrical techniques has been included because of its growing importance in catalyst characterization. As a consequence, the book has been written as a text not only for graduate students, but also for anyone else who is new in the field and wants a recent update. The following scientists have contributed to this textbook: Br.