Maternal Effects As Adaptations

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Maternal Effects As Adaptations

Timothy A. Mousseau,Charles W. Fox
Maternal Effects As Adaptations Book PDF

Author : Timothy A. Mousseau,Charles W. Fox
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 1998-06-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780195344400

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Maternal Effects As Adaptations by Timothy A. Mousseau,Charles W. Fox Pdf

Mothers have the ability to profoundly affect the quality of their offspring--from the size and quality of their eggs to where, when, and how eggs and young are placed, and from providing for and protecting developing young to choosing a mate. In many instances, these maternal effects may be the single most important contributor to variation in offspring fitness. This book explores the wide variety of maternal effects that have evolved in plants and animals as mechanisms of adaptation to temporally and spatially heterogeneous environments. Topics range from the evolutionary implications of maternal effects to the assessment and measurement of maternal effects. Four detailed case studies are also included. This book represents the first synthesis of the current state of knowledge concerning the evolution of maternal effects and their adaptive significance.

Maternal Effects in Mammals

Dario Maestripieri,Jill M. Mateo
Maternal Effects in Mammals Book PDF

Author : Dario Maestripieri,Jill M. Mateo
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2009-08-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226501222

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Maternal Effects in Mammals by Dario Maestripieri,Jill M. Mateo Pdf

Evolutionary maternal effects occur whenever a mother’s phenotypic traits directly affect her offspring’s phenotype, independent of the offspring’s genotype. Some of the phenotypic traits that result in maternal effects have a genetic basis, whereas others are environmentally determined. For example, the size of a litter produced by a mammalian mother—a trait with a strong genetic basis—can affect the growth rate of her offspring, while a mother’s dominance rank—an environmentally determined trait—can affect the dominance rank of her offspring. The first volume published on the subject in more than a decade, Maternal Effects in Mammals reflects advances in genomic, ecological, and behavioral research, as well new understandings of the evolutionary interplay between mothers and their offspring. Dario Maestripieri and Jill M. Mateo bring together a learned group of contributors to synthesize the vast literature on a range of species, highlight evolutionary processes that were previously overlooked, and propose new avenues of research. Maternal Effects in Mammals will serve as the most comprehensive compendium on and stimulus for interdisciplinary treatments of mammalian maternal effects.

Psychosocial Adaptation to Pregnancy

Regina Lederman,Karen Weis
Psychosocial Adaptation to Pregnancy Book PDF

Author : Regina Lederman,Karen Weis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 333 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2009-09-16
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781441902887

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Psychosocial Adaptation to Pregnancy by Regina Lederman,Karen Weis Pdf

presented in the Introduction (Chapter 1). The focus of Chapter 1 is twofold: (1) to present the research foundations for the psychophysiological correlates of prenatal psychosocial adaptation and the seven prenatal personality dimensions with progress in labor and birth outcomes, and particularly (2) to present the theory underlying the seven dimensions of prenatal psychosocial adaptation, which are further analyzed in the following seven chapters. Chapters 2–8 present a content analysis of the interview responses to the seven significant prenatal personality dimensions that are predictive of pregnancy adap- tion, progress in labor, birth outcomes, and postpartum maternal psychosocial adaptation, and they include: (1) Acceptance of Pregnancy, (2) Identification with a Motherhood Role, (3) Relationship with Mother, (4) Relationship with Husband, (5) Preparation for Labor, (6) (Prenatal) Fear of Pain, Helplessness, and Loss of Control in Labor, and (7) (Prenatal) Fear of Loss of Self-Esteem in Labor. There is no other comparable comprehensive, in-depth, prenatal personality research or empirical and content analysis of pregnancy-specific dimensions of maternal psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy.

Gestational Diabetes

A. Lapolla,B.E. Metzger
Gestational Diabetes Book PDF

Author : A. Lapolla,B.E. Metzger
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2019-12-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783318066128

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Gestational Diabetes by A. Lapolla,B.E. Metzger Pdf

Diabetes mellitus, one of the most prevalent complications during pregnancy, can cause a range of problems for women and their developing babies. The number of types of diabetes during pregnancy has dramatically increased worldwide in recent years. Obesity is a very common risk factor for the development of GDM and type 2 diabetes. To prevent birth defects and other health problems, optimal healthcare before and during pregnancy is mandatory. To reach this goal, a multidisciplinary approach is of major importance. This book presents the latest knowledge on the physiopathology, diagnosis, autoimmunity, genetics, omics, and management and treatment of diabetic pregnancy. Renowned healthcare professionals and academic experts provide insights into the complexity of diabetic pregnancy, its treatment, and pregnancy complications. This is a comprehensive overview of the clinical characteristics of pregnancy-related type 1 and 2 diabetes as well as of gestational diabetes. It is a must-read for everyone involved in the monitoring of diabetes during pregnancy.

Biometrical genetics

Kenneth Mather,John L. Jinks
Biometrical genetics Book PDF

Author : Kenneth Mather,John L. Jinks
Publisher : Springer
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781489934048

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Biometrical genetics by Kenneth Mather,John L. Jinks Pdf

The properties of continuous variation are basic to the theory of evolution and to the practice of plant and animal improvement. Yet the genetical study of continuous variation has lagged far behind that of discontinuous variation. The reason for this situation is basically methodological. Mendel gave us not merely his principles of heredity, but also a method of experiment by which these principles could be tested over a wider range of living species, and extended into the elaborate genetical theory of today. The power of this tool is well attested by the speed with which genetics has grown. In less than fifty years, it has not only developed a theoretical structure which is unique in the biological sciences, but has established a union with nuclear cytology so close that the two have become virtually a single science offering us a new approach to problems so diverse as those of evolution, development, disease, cellular chemistry and human welfare. Much of this progress would have been impossible and all would have been slower without the Mendelian method of recognizing and using unit differences in the genetic materials.

The Impact of Maternal Nutrition on the Offspring

Gerard Hornstra,Ricardo Uauy,Xiaoguang Yang (Prof.)
The Impact of Maternal Nutrition on the Offspring Book PDF

Author : Gerard Hornstra,Ricardo Uauy,Xiaoguang Yang (Prof.)
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2005-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783805577809

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The Impact of Maternal Nutrition on the Offspring by Gerard Hornstra,Ricardo Uauy,Xiaoguang Yang (Prof.) Pdf

Maternal nutritional status affects the offsprings health development significantly during early embryogenesis, pregnancy, birth and lactation, and subsequently determines health during growth and even throughout adulthood. On the other end of the human lifetime scale, the importance of maternal nutrition expands into the time period before conception: Pre-conception nutritional status not only influences fertility, but also embryogenesis and life-long health. Predisposition for coronary heart diseases, Type-2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension can be caused by intrauterine adaptations to fetal malnutrition. Hence, optimizing nutrition for women during their reproductive period can be expected to have a great impact on the well being of the next generation. This workshop dealt with the effects of maternal nutrition on fetal growth, metabolic programming, energy and nutrient requirements, as well as under- and over-nutrition during pregnancy. Finally, it addressed the question of whether a distinct diet during pregnancy could reduce food allergy in the progeny. This book is a valuable and complete source of knowledge for all professionals involved in pediatrics, nutrition policy, womens health, immunology, epidemiology and public health.

Extended Heredity

Russell Bonduriansky,Troy Day
Extended Heredity Book PDF

Author : Russell Bonduriansky,Troy Day
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2020-04-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691204147

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Extended Heredity by Russell Bonduriansky,Troy Day Pdf

Bonduriansky and Day challenge the premise that genes alone mediate the transmission of biological information across generations and provide the raw material for natural selection. They explore the latest research showing that what happens during our lifetimes—and even our parents’ and grandparents’ lifetimes—can influence the features of our descendants. Based on this evidence, Bonduriansky and Day develop an extended concept of heredity that upends ideas about how traits can and cannot be transmitted across generations, opening the door to a new understanding of inheritance, evolution, and even human health. --Adapted from publisher description.

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2)

Robert Black,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Marleen Temmerman,Neff Walker
Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 2 Book PDF

Author : Robert Black,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Marleen Temmerman,Neff Walker
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2016-04-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781464803680

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Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2) by Robert Black,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Marleen Temmerman,Neff Walker Pdf

The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.

Prediction of Maternal and Fetal Syndrome of Preeclampsia

Nidhi Sharma
Prediction of Maternal and Fetal Syndrome of Preeclampsia Book PDF

Author : Nidhi Sharma
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2019-10-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781789847222

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Prediction of Maternal and Fetal Syndrome of Preeclampsia by Nidhi Sharma Pdf

The clinical syndrome of preeclampsia is due to vasospasm, endothelial dysfunction, and altered red cell zeta potential. It is a culmination of multiple etiologies and pathophysiologies modified by epigenetics and the human immune system. Since the etiology and pathogenesis of preeclampsia are segregated and multifactorial, there is no single clinical, biophysical, or biochemical marker that can predict all types of this condition. This book provides a set of tentative specific prediction markers that can be used to identify different subtypes of preeclampsia, classify pathogenesis, categorize treatment, and identify early signs of complications.

Physiological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds

Tony D. Williams
Physiological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds Book PDF

Author : Tony D. Williams
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2012-08-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781400842797

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Physiological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds by Tony D. Williams Pdf

Physiological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds is the most current and comprehensive account of research on avian reproduction. It develops two unique themes: the consideration of female avian reproductive physiology and ecology, and an emphasis on individual variation in life-history traits. Tony Williams investigates the physiological, metabolic, energetic, and hormonal mechanisms that underpin individual variation in the key female-specific reproductive traits and the trade-offs between these traits that determine variation in fitness. The core of the book deals with the avian reproductive cycle, from seasonal gonadal development, through egg laying and incubation, to chick rearing. Reproduction is considered in the context of the annual cycle and through an individual's entire life history. The book focuses on timing of breeding, clutch size, egg size and egg quality, and parental care. It also provides a primer on female reproductive physiology and considers trade-offs and carryover effects between reproduction and other life-history stages. In each chapter, Williams describes individual variation in the trait of interest and the evolutionary context for trait variation. He argues that there is only a rudimentary, and in some cases nonexistent, understanding of the physiological mechanisms that underpin individual variation in the major reproductive life-history traits, and that research efforts should refocus on these key unresolved problems by incorporating detailed physiological studies into existing long-term population studies, generating a new synthesis of physiology, ecology, and evolutionary biology.

Genes in Conflict

Austin BURT,Robert Trivers,Austin Burt
Genes in Conflict Book PDF

Author : Austin BURT,Robert Trivers,Austin Burt
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 613 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2009-06-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780674029118

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Genes in Conflict by Austin BURT,Robert Trivers,Austin Burt Pdf

Covering all species from yeast to humans, this is the first book to tell the story of selfish genetic elements that act narrowly to advance their own replication at the expense of the larger organism.

Dispersal Ecology and Evolution

Jean Clobert,Michel Baguette,Tim G. Benton,James M. Bullock
Dispersal Ecology and Evolution Book PDF

Author : Jean Clobert,Michel Baguette,Tim G. Benton,James M. Bullock
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2012-09-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780191640360

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Dispersal Ecology and Evolution by Jean Clobert,Michel Baguette,Tim G. Benton,James M. Bullock Pdf

Now that so many ecosystems face rapid and major environmental change, the ability of species to respond to these changes by dispersing or moving between different patches of habitat can be crucial to ensuring their survival. Understanding dispersal has become key to understanding how populations may persist. Dispersal Ecology and Evolution provides a timely and wide-ranging overview of the fast expanding field of dispersal ecology, incorporating the very latest research. The causes, mechanisms, and consequences of dispersal at the individual, population, species, and community levels are considered. Perspectives and insights are offered from the fields of evolution, behavioural ecology, conservation biology, and genetics. Throughout the book theoretical approaches are combined with empirical data, and care has been taken to include examples from as wide a range of species as possible - both plant and animal.

Eco-evolutionary Dynamics

Andrew P. Hendry
Eco evolutionary Dynamics Book PDF

Author : Andrew P. Hendry
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691204178

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Eco-evolutionary Dynamics by Andrew P. Hendry Pdf

In recent years, scientists have realized that evolution can occur on timescales much shorter than the 'long lapse of ages' emphasized by Darwin - in fact, evolutionary change is occurring all around us all the time. This work provides an authoritative and accessible introduction to eco-evolutionary dynamics, a cutting-edge new field that seeks to unify evolution and ecology into a common conceptual framework focusing on rapid and dynamic environmental and evolutionary change.

Hypertension in Pregnancy

Alexander Heazell,Errol R. Norwitz,Louise C. Kenny,Philip N. Baker
Hypertension in Pregnancy Book PDF

Author : Alexander Heazell,Errol R. Norwitz,Louise C. Kenny,Philip N. Baker
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2010-08-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781139490863

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Hypertension in Pregnancy by Alexander Heazell,Errol R. Norwitz,Louise C. Kenny,Philip N. Baker Pdf

Hypertensive disorders are among the most common medical complications of pregnancy, with an incidence of approximately 6-10%. This spectrum of conditions includes essential hypertension, pre-eclampsia and HELLP syndrome. For patients with pre-existing hypertension, management ideally commences prior to conception, and continues through pregnancy to the postnatal period. This book provides information on the evidence-based management of women with hypertension throughout pregnancy, supported by important background information on the etiology, risk-factors and pathophysiology of these disorders. Illustrated with accompanying algorithms, tables and lists for quick reference on diagnostic criteria, drugs and side-effects, this book will help clinicians rapidly gain access to the information they need to care for these patients. This will to be of interest to all grades of obstetric trainees as well as specialists, obstetric anesthetists and anesthetic trainees, midwives and maternal-fetal physicians.

Adaptation and Fitness in Animal Populations

Julius van der Werf,Hans-Ulrich Graser,Richard Frankham,Cedric Gondro
Adaptation and Fitness in Animal Populations Book PDF

Author : Julius van der Werf,Hans-Ulrich Graser,Richard Frankham,Cedric Gondro
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2008-10-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402090059

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Adaptation and Fitness in Animal Populations by Julius van der Werf,Hans-Ulrich Graser,Richard Frankham,Cedric Gondro Pdf

Fitness and adaptation are fundamental characteristics of plant and animal species, enabling them to survive in their environment and to adapt to the inevitable changes in this environment. This is true for both the genetic resources of natural ecosystems as well as those used in agricultural production. Extensive genetic variation exists between varieties/breeds in a species and amongst individuals within breeds. This variation has developed over very long periods of time. A major ongoing challenge is how to best utilize this variation to meet short-term demands whilst also conserving it for longer-term possible use. Many animal breeding programs have led to increased performance for production traits but this has often been accompanied by reduced fitness. In addition, the global use of genetic resources prompts the question whether introduced genotypes are adapted to local production systems. Understanding the genetic nature of fitness and adaptation will enable us to better manage genetic resources allowing us to make efficient and sustainable decisions for the improvement or breeding of these resources. This book had an ambitious goal in bringing together a sample of the world’s leading scientists in animal breeding and evolutionary genetics to exchange knowledge to advance our understanding of these vital issues.