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Medicine, Trade and Empire

Palmira Fontes da Costa

Author : Palmira Fontes da Costa
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2016-03-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317098171

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Medicine, Trade and Empire by Palmira Fontes da Costa Pdf

Garcia de Orta’s Colloquies on the Simples and Drugs of India (1563) was one of the first books to take advantage of the close relationship between medicine, trade and empire in the early modern period. The book was printed in Goa, the capital of the Portuguese empire in the East, and the city where the author, a Portuguese physician of Jewish ancestry, lived for almost thirty years. It presents a vast array of medical information on various drugs, spices, plants, fruits and minerals native to India or adjoining territories. In addition, it includes information concerning indigenous methods of healing as well as a far-reaching assessment of ancient and modern authors on Asian materia medica. Orta’s book had a market in Asia but was particularly valuable to a European audience. It soon attracted the attention of various European authors and printers by providing the basis for adaptations, commentaries and editions in various languages, prompting a successful and complex trail of medical knowledge in transit. Authored by an interdisciplinary team of prominent international scholars, the volume takes into account recent historiographical trends and provides a contextualized and innovative analysis of the histories and reception of the Colloquies. It emphasizes the value of the work to historians today as a symbol of the impact of geographical expansion and globalization in a sixteenth-century medical world.

Medicine and Empire

Pratik Chakrabarti

Author : Pratik Chakrabarti
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2013-12-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9781137374806

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Medicine and Empire by Pratik Chakrabarti Pdf

The history of modern medicine is inseparable from the history of imperialism. Medicine and Empire provides an introduction to this shared history – spanning three centuries and covering British, French and Spanish imperial histories in Africa, Asia and America. Exploring the major developments in European medicine from the seventeenth century to the mid-twentieth century, Pratik Chakrabarti shows that the major developments in European medicine had a colonial counterpart and were closely intertwined with European activities overseas: - The increasing influence of natural history on medicine - The growth of European drug markets - The rise of surgeons in status - Ideas of race and racism - Advancements in sanitation and public health - The expansion of the modern quarantine system - The emergence of Germ theory and global vaccination campaigns Drawing on recent scholarship and primary texts, this book narrates a mutually constitutive history in which medicine was both a 'tool' and a product of imperialism, and provides an original, accessible insight into the deep historical roots of the problems that plague global health today.

Merchants of Medicines

Zachary Dorner

Author : Zachary Dorner
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2020-07-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226706948

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Merchants of Medicines by Zachary Dorner Pdf

The period from the late seventeenth to the early nineteenth century—the so-called long eighteenth century of English history—was a time of profound global change, marked by the expansion of intercontinental empires, long-distance trade, and human enslavement. It was also the moment when medicines, previously produced locally and in small batches, became global products. As greater numbers of British subjects struggled to survive overseas, more medicines than ever were manufactured and exported to help them. Most historical accounts, however, obscure the medicine trade’s dependence on slave labor, plantation agriculture, and colonial warfare. In Merchants of Medicines, Zachary Dorner follows the earliest industrial pharmaceuticals from their manufacture in the United Kingdom, across trade routes, and to the edges of empire, telling a story of what medicines were, what they did, and what they meant. He brings to life business, medical, and government records to evoke a vibrant early modern world of London laboratories, Caribbean estates, South Asian factories, New England timber camps, and ships at sea. In these settings, medicines were produced, distributed, and consumed in new ways to help confront challenges of distance, labor, and authority in colonial territories. Merchants of Medicines offers a new history of economic and medical development across early America, Britain, and South Asia, revealing the unsettlingly close ties among medicine, finance, warfare, and slavery that changed people’s expectations of their health and their bodies.

Medicine and Public Health at the End of Empire

Howard Waitzkin

Author : Howard Waitzkin
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2015-11-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317256144

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Medicine and Public Health at the End of Empire by Howard Waitzkin Pdf

The recent financial meltdown has brought notable changes to the global practice of health care changes that have often escaped the American news media. Although Western managed-care corporations previously had strengthened their influence abroad, now many countries are considering new approaches to health care for their citizens.The untold story of how corporations have influenced global health care and the impacts now in America as the system rapidly shifts is Dr. Waitzkin s subject in his provocative new book. We now live in a new era in which the prospects for more humane approaches to health care are taking root. Strengthening access and improving public health are at the heart of the many previously little-noted struggles and actions by individuals, groups, and whole nations to put control back in the hands of patients and practitioners, as Americans of many political stripes seem to universally seek. The impacts of these changes in the United States are considerable, and they are amply illustrated by Dr. Waitzkin as the United States attempts to reorient its own system of care.Selected as the 2012 winner of the Freidson Outstanding Publication Award by the American Sociological Association for its "bold and timely analysis of the global political economy of contemporary crises in health and medical care. By presenting the lessons learned from social medicine (past and present), [it] outlines a macro-sociologically informed response to these crises.""

Maladies of Empire

Jim Downs

Author : Jim Downs
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2021-01-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780674971721

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Maladies of Empire by Jim Downs Pdf

A sweeping global history that looks beyond European urban centers to show how slavery, colonialism, and war propelled the development of modern medicine. Most stories of medical progress come with ready-made heroes. John Snow traced the origins of LondonÕs 1854 cholera outbreak to a water pump, leading to the birth of epidemiology. Florence NightingaleÕs contributions to the care of soldiers in the Crimean War revolutionized medical hygiene, transforming hospitals from crucibles of infection to sanctuaries of recuperation. Yet histories of individual innovators ignore many key sources of medical knowledge, especially when it comes to the science of infectious disease. Reexamining the foundations of modern medicine, Jim Downs shows that the study of infectious disease depended crucially on the unrecognized contributions of nonconsenting subjectsÑconscripted soldiers, enslaved people, and subjects of empire. Plantations, slave ships, and battlefields were the laboratories in which physicians came to understand the spread of disease. Military doctors learned about the importance of air quality by monitoring Africans confined to the bottom of slave ships. Statisticians charted cholera outbreaks by surveilling Muslims in British-dominated territories returning from their annual pilgrimage. The field hospitals of the Crimean War and the US Civil War were carefully observed experiments in disease transmission. The scientific knowledge derived from discarding and exploiting human life is now the basis of our ability to protect humanity from epidemics. Boldly argued and eye-opening, Maladies of Empire gives a full account of the true price of medical progress.

Medicine and Empire

Pratik Chakrabarti

Author : Pratik Chakrabarti
Publisher : Red Globe Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2014-01-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9780230276352

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Medicine and Empire by Pratik Chakrabarti Pdf

Medicine and Empire provides an introduction to this shared history - spanning three centuries and covering British, French and Spansh imperial histories in Africa, Asia and America.

Medicine in an age of Commerce and Empire

Mark Harrison

Author : Mark Harrison
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2010-09-16
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199577736

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Medicine in an age of Commerce and Empire by Mark Harrison Pdf

Medicine in an age of Commerce and Empire explores the impact of commercial and imperial expansion on British medicine from the late seventeenth century to the early nineteenth century.

Assembling the Tropics

Hugh Cagle

Author : Hugh Cagle
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2018-09-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107196636

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Assembling the Tropics by Hugh Cagle Pdf

This book charts the convergence of science, culture, and politics across Portugal's empire, showing how a global geographical concept was born. In accessible, narrative prose, this book explores the unexpected forms that science took in the early modern world. It highlights little-known linkages between Asia and the Atlantic world.

Pharmacy and Professionalization in the British Empire, 1780–1970

Stuart Anderson

Author : Stuart Anderson
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 395 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2021-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030789800

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Pharmacy and Professionalization in the British Empire, 1780–1970 by Stuart Anderson Pdf

Offering a valuable resource for medical and other historians, this book explores the processes by which pharmacy in Britain and its colonies separated from medicine and made the transition from trade to profession during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. When the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain was founded in 1841, its founders considered pharmacy to be a branch of medicine. However, the 1852 Pharmacy Act made the exclusion of pharmacists from the medical profession inevitable, and in 1864 the General Medical Council decided that pharmacy legislation was best left to pharmacists themselves. Yet across the Empire, pharmacy struggled to establish itself as an autonomous profession, with doctors in many colonies reluctant to surrender control over pharmacy. In this book the author traces the professionalization of pharmacy by exploring issues including collective action by pharmacists, the role of the state, the passage of legislation, the extension of education, and its separation from medicine. The author considers the extent to which the British model of pharmacy shaped pharmacy in the Empire, exploring the situation in the Divisions of Empire where the 1914 British Pharmacopoeia applied: Canada, the West Indies, the Mediterranean colonies, the colonies in West and South Africa, India and the Eastern colonies, Australia, New Zealand, and the Western Pacific Islands. This insightful and wide-ranging book offers a unique history of British pharmaceutical policy and practice within the colonial world, and provides a firm foundation for further studies in this under-researched aspect of the history of medicine.

Matters of Exchange

Harold John Cook

Author : Harold John Cook
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 562 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2008-01-01
Category : Medicine
ISBN : 8125033661

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Matters of Exchange by Harold John Cook Pdf

In this wide-ranging and stimulating book, a leading authority on the history of medicine and science presents convincing evidence that Dutch commerce, not religion, inspired the rise of science in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Harold Cook scrutinises a wealth of historical documents relating to the study of medicine and natural history in the Netherlands, Europe, Brazil, South Africa, and Asia during this era, and his conclusions are fresh and exciting. He uncovers direct links between the rise of trade and commerce in the Dutch Empire and the flourishing of scientific investigation. Cook argues that engaging in commerce changed the thinking of Dutch citizens, leading to a new emphasis on such values as objectivity, accumulation, and description. The preference for accurate information that accompanied the rise of commerce also laid the groundwork for the rise of science globally, wherever the Dutch engaged in trade. Medicine and natural history were fundamental aspects of this new science, as reflected in the development of gardens for both pleasure and botanical study, anatomical theatres, curiosity cabinets, and richly illustrated books about nature. Sweeping in scope and original in its insights, this book revises previous understandings of the history of science and ideas.

A Medicated Empire

Assistant Professor of History Timothy M Yang

Author : Assistant Professor of History Timothy M Yang
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2025-02-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1501779176

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A Medicated Empire by Assistant Professor of History Timothy M Yang Pdf

Winner of the 2022 Hagley Prize in Business History Finalist of the 2023 International Convention for Asian Scholars Book Prize in the Social Sciences In A Medicated Empire, Timothy M. Yang explores the history of Japan's pharmaceutical industry in the early twentieth century through a close account of Hoshi Pharmaceuticals, one of East Asia's most influential drug companies from the late 1910s through the early 1950s. Focusing on Hoshi's connections to Japan's emerging nation-state and empire, and on the ways in which it embraced an ideology of modern medicine as a humanitarian endeavor for greater social good, Yang shows how the industry promoted a hygienic, middle-class culture that was part of Japan's national development and imperial expansion. Yang makes clear that the company's fortunes had less to do with scientific breakthroughs and medical innovations than with Japan's web of social, political, and economic relations. He lays bare Hoshi's business strategies and its connections with politicians and bureaucrats, and he describes how public health authorities dismissed many of its products as placebos at best and poisons at worst. Combining global histories of business, medicine, and imperialism, A Medicated Empire shows how the development of the pharmaceutical industry simultaneously supported and subverted regimes of public health at home and abroad.

Medicine, Trade and Empire

Palmira Fontes da Costa

Author : Palmira Fontes da Costa
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2016-03-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317098164

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Medicine, Trade and Empire by Palmira Fontes da Costa Pdf

Garcia de Orta’s Colloquies on the Simples and Drugs of India (1563) was one of the first books to take advantage of the close relationship between medicine, trade and empire in the early modern period. The book was printed in Goa, the capital of the Portuguese empire in the East, and the city where the author, a Portuguese physician of Jewish ancestry, lived for almost thirty years. It presents a vast array of medical information on various drugs, spices, plants, fruits and minerals native to India or adjoining territories. In addition, it includes information concerning indigenous methods of healing as well as a far-reaching assessment of ancient and modern authors on Asian materia medica. Orta’s book had a market in Asia but was particularly valuable to a European audience. It soon attracted the attention of various European authors and printers by providing the basis for adaptations, commentaries and editions in various languages, prompting a successful and complex trail of medical knowledge in transit. Authored by an interdisciplinary team of prominent international scholars, the volume takes into account recent historiographical trends and provides a contextualized and innovative analysis of the histories and reception of the Colloquies. It emphasizes the value of the work to historians today as a symbol of the impact of geographical expansion and globalization in a sixteenth-century medical world.

American Business History: a Very Short Introduction

Walter A. Friedman

Author : Walter A. Friedman
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2020-04-15
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780190622473

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American Business History: a Very Short Introduction by Walter A. Friedman Pdf

By the early twentieth century, it became common to describe the United States as a "business civilization." President Coolidge in 1925 said, "The chief business of the American people is business." More recently, historian Sven Beckert characterized Henry Ford's massive manufactory as the embodiment of America: "While Athens had its Parthenon and Rome its Colosseum, the United States had its River Rouge Factory in Detroit..." How did business come to assume such power and cultural centrality in America? This volume explores the variety of business enterprise in the United States and analyzes its presence in the country's economy, its evolution over time, and its meaning in society. It introduces readers to formative business leaders (including Elbert Gary, Harlow Curtice, and Mary Kay Ash), leading firms (Mellon Bank, National Cash Register, Xerox), and fiction about business people (The Octopus, Babbitt, The Man in the Grey Flannel Suit). It also discusses Alfred Chandler, Joseph Schumpeter, Mira Wilkins, and others who made significant contributions to understanding of America's business history. This VSI pursues its three central themes - the evolution, scale, and culture of American business - in a chronological framework stretching from the American Revolution to today. The first theme is evolution: How has U.S. business evolved over time? How have American companies competed with one another and with foreign firms? Why have ideas about strategy and management changed? Why did business people in the mid-twentieth century celebrate an "organizational" culture promising long-term employment in the same company, while a few decades later entrepreneurship was prized? Second is scale: Why did business assume such enormous scale in the United States? Was the rise of gigantic corporations due to the industriousness of its population, or natural resources, or government policies? And third, culture: What are the characteristics of a "business civilization"? How have opinions on the meaning of business changed? In the late nineteenth century, Andrew Carnegie believed that America's numerous enterprises represented an exuberant "triumph of democracy." After World War II, however, sociologist William H. Whyte saw business culture as stultifying, and historian Richard Hofstadter wrote, "Once great men created fortunes; today a great system creates fortunate men." How did changes in the nature of business affect popular views? Walter A. Friedman provides the long view of these important developments.

Cannabis Britannica

James H. Mills

Author : James H. Mills
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2003-09-11
Category : History
ISBN : 0191554650

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Cannabis Britannica by James H. Mills Pdf

Cannabis Britannica explores the historical origins of the UK's legislation and regulations on cannabis preparations before 1928. It draws on published and unpublished sources from the seventeenth century onwards, from archives in the UK and India, to show how the history of cannabis and the British before the twentieth century was bound up with imperialism. James Mills argues that until the 1900s, most of the information and experience gathered by British sources were drawn from colonial contexts as imperial administrators governed and observed populations where use of cannabis was extensive and established. This is most obvious in the 1890s when British anti-opium campaigners in the House of Commons seized on the issue of Government of India excise duties on the cannabis trade in Asia in order to open up another front in their attacks on imperial administration. The result was that cannabis preparations became a matter of concern in Parliament which accordingly established the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission. The story in the twentieth century is of the momentum behind moves to include cannabis substances in domestic law and in international treaties. The latter was a matter of the diplomatic politics of imperialism, as Britain sought to defend its cannabis revenues in India against American and Egyptian interests. The domestic story focuses on the coming together of the police, the media, and the pharmaceutical industry to form misunderstandings of cannabis that forced it onto the Poisons Schedule despite the misgivings of the Home Office and of key medical professionals. The book is the first full history of the origins of the moments when cannabis first became subjected to laws and regulations in Britain.

Difference and Disease

Suman Seth

Author : Suman Seth
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2018-06-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108418300

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Difference and Disease by Suman Seth Pdf

Suman Seth reveals how histories of medicine, empire, race and slavery intertwined in the eighteenth-century British Empire.

Medicine Trade And Empire

Medicine, Trade and Empire by Palmira Fontes da Costa Pdf

Medicine and Empire by Pratik Chakrabarti Pdf

Merchants of Medicines by Zachary Dorner Pdf

Medicine and Public Health at the End of Empire by Howard Waitzkin Pdf

Maladies of Empire by Jim Downs Pdf

Medicine and Empire by Pratik Chakrabarti Pdf

Medicine in an age of Commerce and Empire by Mark Harrison Pdf

Assembling the Tropics by Hugh Cagle Pdf

Pharmacy and Professionalization in the British Empire, 1780–1970 by Stuart Anderson Pdf

Matters of Exchange by Harold John Cook Pdf

A Medicated Empire by Assistant Professor of History Timothy M Yang Pdf

Medicine, Trade and Empire by Palmira Fontes da Costa Pdf

American Business History: a Very Short Introduction by Walter A. Friedman Pdf

Cannabis Britannica by James H. Mills Pdf

Difference and Disease by Suman Seth Pdf

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