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Author : Richard L. Garwin,Georges Charpak Publisher : University of Chicago Press Page : 436 pages File Size : 45,8 Mb Release : 2002-12-15 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 0226284271
Megawatts and Megatons by Richard L. Garwin,Georges Charpak Pdf
In Megawatts and Megatons, world-renowned physicists Richard L. Garwin and Georges Charpak offer an accessible, eminently well-informed primer on two of the most important issues of our time: nuclear weapons and nuclear power. They begin by explaining clearly and concisely how nuclear fission and fusion work in both warheads and reactors, and how they can impact human health. Making a strong and eloquent argument in favor of arms control, Garwin and Charpak outline specific strategies for achieving this goal worldwide. But they also demonstrate how nuclear power can provide an assured, economically feasible, and environmentally responsible source of energy—in a way that avoids the hazards of weapons proliferation. Numerous figures enliven the text, including cartoons by Sempé.
How the scientific community overlooked, ignored, and denied the catastrophic fallout of decades of nuclear testing in the American West In December of 1950, President Harry Truman gave authorization for the Atomic Energy Commission to conduct weapons tests and experiments on a section of a Nevada gunnery range. Over the next eleven years, more than a hundred detonations were conducted at the Nevada Test Site, and radioactive debris dispersed across the communities just downwind and through much of the country. In this important work, James C. Rice tells the hidden story of nuclear weapons testing and the negligence of the US government in protecting public health. Downwind of the Atomic State focuses on the key decisions and events shaping the Commission’s mismanagement of radiological contamination in the region, specifically on how the risks of fallout were defined and redefined, or, importantly, not defined at all, owing to organizational mistakes and the impetus to keep atomic testing going at all costs. Rice shows that although Atomic Energy Commission officials understood open-air detonations injected radioactive debris into the atmosphere, they did not understand, or seem to care, that the radioactivity would irrevocably contaminate these communities. The history of the atomic Southwest should be a wake-up call to everyone living in a world replete with large, complex organizations managing risky technological systems. The legacy of open-air detonations in Nevada pushes us to ask about the kinds of risks we are unwittingly living under today. What risks are we being exposed to by large organizations under the guise of security and science?
U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy by George Bunn,Christopher F. Chyba Pdf
A Brookings Institution Press and the Center for International Security and Cooperation publication What role should nuclear weapons play in today's world? How can the United States promote international security while safeguarding its own interests? U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy informs this debate with an analysis of current nuclear weapons policies and strategies, including those for deterring, preventing, or preempting nuclear attack; preventing further proliferation, to nations and terrorists; modifying weapons designs; and revising the U.S. nuclear posture. Presidents Bush and Clinton made major changes in U.S. policy after the Cold War, and George W. Bush's administration made further, more radical changes after 9/11. Leaked portions of 2001's Nuclear Posture Review, for example, described more aggressive possible uses for nuclear weapons. This important volume examines the significance of such changes and suggests a way forward for U.S. policy, emphasizing stronger security of nuclear weapons and materials, international compliance with nonproliferation obligations, attention to the demand side of proliferation, and reduced reliance on nuclear weapons in U.S. foreign policy.
Uranium, the most atomically unstable natural element on earth, has a unique place in the global geopolitics of resources. It provides energy to millions of people and its isotopes are used to power spacecraft and in nuclear medicine. But it is also at the heart of many of the planet's most deadly threats, including nuclear devastation and radioactive waste. Its mining has caused bitter conflict with indigenous peoples and its testing in nuclear weapons has left a toxic legacy. Yet the nonproliferation regime which aims to phase out nuclear weapons and manage the risks of nuclear energy is at risk of unravelling. In this book, Anthony Burke explores the geopolitical intrigue around uranium and the dilemmas of justice and security to which its development has given rise. The twenty-first century, he cautions, will be a time of reckoning and new reserves of political will must be found to manage the impact of this extraordinary mineral. Only by cooperating to achieve multilateral disarmament and greater international control over nuclear power can we ward off nuclear catastrophe and harness the potential of nuclear energy to help address, rather than create, some of the world's most pressing problems.
Atomic Age America looks at the broad influence of atomic energy¿focusing particularly on nuclear weapons and nuclear power¿on the lives of Americans within a world context. The text examines the social, political, diplomatic, environmental, and technical impacts of atomic energy on the 20th and 21st centuries, with a look back to the origins of atomic theory.
Rejecting cries of gloom and doom, Hope for a Heated Planet shows how the fight against global warming can be won by the grassroots efforts of individuals. Robert K. Musil, who led the Nobel Peace Prize-winning organization Physicians for Social Responsibility, explains that a growing new climate movement can produce unprecedented change-in the economy, public health, and home-while saving the planet. Musil draws on personal experience and compelling data in this practical and rigorous analysis of the causes and cures for global warming. The book presents all the players in the most pressing challenge facing society today, from the massive fossil fuel lobby to the enlightened corporations that are joining the movement to "go green." Musil thoroughly explains the tremendous potential of renewable energy sources-wind, solar, and biofuel-and the startling conclusions of experts who say society can do away entirely with fossil fuels. He tells readers about the engaged politicians, activists, religious groups, and students who are already working together against climate change. But the future depends, Musil insists, on what changes ordinary citizens make. Through personal choices and political engagement, he shows how readers can cut carbon emissions and create green communities where they live. With practical and realistic solutions, Hope for a Heated Planet inspires readers to be accountable and enables them to usher in an age of sustainability for future generations.
Nuclear Proliferation and International Order by Olav Njølstad Pdf
"Draws on papers originally presented at Nobel Symposium 142 ... on 'Peace, stability and nuclear order : theoretical assumptions, historical experiences, future challenges.' The conference took place at Oscarsborg ... on 25-27 June 2009, and gathered close to 30 international experts"--Page xii-xiii
Wisdom of the Martians of Science by Balazs Hargittai,István Hargittai Pdf
' Wisdom of the Martians of Science refers to five scientists whose brilliance contributed to shaping the modern world. John von Neumann was a pioneer of the modern computer; Theodore von Kármán was the scientist behind the US Air Force; Leo Szilard initiated the development of nuclear weapons; the Nobel laureate Eugene P Wigner was the world''s first nuclear engineer; and Edward Teller was the father of the hydrogen bomb. They were born and raised in Budapest, were forced out of Hungary and then from Germany, they became Americans, and devoted themselves to the defense of the United States and the Free World. They contributed significant discoveries to fundamental science ranging from the properties of materials to the application of the symmetry principle in physics, to creating information theory, to game theory. The areas in which we can learn about their wisdom include applications of science to past, present and future real-world needs; defense; education; environment; human nature; humor; politics; religion; weather modification, and others. This book shows the wisdom of the Martians by presenting their thoughts and ideas in their own words and placing them into context. Their wisdom is intriguing, witty, provocative and thought provoking. It extended over many aspects of life and culture that impinge on our existence. While we cannot always agree with what they say, they are never boring. The power of their words and their philosophies will inspire the readers to pursue their own dreams. Contents:IntroductionJohn von Neumann''s WisdomTheodore von Kármán''s WisdomLeo Szilard''s WisdomEugene P Wigner''s WisdomEdward Teller''s WisdomFinal Thoughts Readership: Scientists and lay persons. Keywords:John von Neumann;Theodore von Kármán;Leo Szilard;Edward Teller;Eugene Wigner;Martians of Science "This book is about five famous scientists, whose lives followed similar paths in the rocky terrains of the twentieth century. As Jewish–Hungarians they had to immigrate to the United States; as outstanding scientists, they were leading figures in the development of modern physics and computer science; and as believers in democracy and freedom, they assumed important roles in the global political fight for these ideas. The book by Balazs Hargittai and István Hargittai presents their views, feelings and wisdom through quotes from their writings, with comments from the authors. This makes a fascinating, memorable and sometimes provocative reading." László Lovász President of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Wolf-Prize Laureate Mathematician "Balazs and István Hargittai have produced a wonderful book, which should be on every scientist''s coffee table and in the reading room of every university library. The book is not only immensely interesting, but also illustrated with an exceptional collection of photographs." Anders Bárány former Deputy Director of the Nobel Museum, Stockholm "Wisdom comes with age, yet much of the wisdom collected here was acquired long before its time. Mathematical talent gave these five Hungarians an early start, sharpened by the turmoil in Europe through which they were forced to make their escape. The refuge they found in America gave them time and opportunity to reflect. Here, set in just the right amount of historical context, is a group portrait of their time. Insights abound — yet the miracle of how this constellation of genius appeared at this critical moment in history remains no less astonishing for being so well explained." George Dyson author of Turing''s Cathedral: The Origin of the Digital Universe "Wisdom of the Martians of Science is unputdownable for anyone curious about how science in the mid-twentieth century transformed our planet. Five Hungarians, the ''Martians'', in America led this transformation. Geniuses all but each very different. We hear them in their words, placed in context, to marvel how oppression and adversity did not bend their drive. No matter what our opinions of each of them, and some such as Teller generate strong responses, we cannot but be amazed at their ''octopus-like'' approaches. Their tentacles curl around every problem from basic to applied, from politics to defence, from making bombs to making peace. These are the Hargittais at their best, taking us back in time to sit on a roller-coaster ride through science. Fasten your seat belts and enjoy." K VijayRaghavan FRS, Distinguished Professor and former Director of The National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore "I recommend highly the Hargittais'' book. It is a stimulating read of the thinking and views of five Hungarian born scientists (the fictional Martians). They significantly contributed to fundamental changes of our life from the harnessing of the energy of the atom (and the need to live with the atom bomb) to the emergence of the computer age." George A Olah Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, 1994 "Five scientific pioneers were outstanding geniuses, first as a group of Budapest boys, then as bravely original individuals in their science, social ideas, and spiritual insights. This book reveals both their brilliance and their humanity." William Lanouette author of Genius in the Shadows: A Biography of Leo Szilard, the Man Behind the Bomb "Wisdom of the Martians of Science is a strong and often charming group profile of five great Hungarian scientists of an earlier age. The book is simple in structure, learned and reasonable in tone, and generous with photographs and telling details. It is a marvelous book and I hope that it finds a wide audience." Andrew Szanton co-author of The Recollections of Eugene P Wigner "No one is better acquainted with the lives of the Martians of Science — five Hungarian geniuses who put their extraordinary talents to work in the cause of democracy and freedom — than the father-and-son team of Istvan and Balazs Hargittai. With widely-varying personalities, from the imperious Edward Teller to the courteous, soft-spoken Eugene Wigner, the five had in common, in addition to their incredible brains, a shared history as émigré Hungarian Jews who made new lives in the United States, and whose contributions in the fields of physics, rocketry, and computer development played a critical role in their adopted country''s victory in World War II. Much has been written about these men, but only the Hargittais have allowed us a glimpse into their souls through their own words, put in context by the authors. I am the daughter of one of the Martians, John von Neumann, and knew several of the others personally, but this group portrait has given me new insights that I treasure." Marina v N Whitman Professor of Business Administration & Public Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and author of The Martian''s Daughter '
The History and Science of the Manhattan Project by Bruce Cameron Reed Pdf
The development of atomic bombs under the auspices of the U.S. Army’s Manhattan Project during World War II is considered to be the outstanding news story of the twentieth century. In this book, a physicist and expert on the history of the Project presents a comprehensive overview of this momentous achievement. The first three chapters cover the history of nuclear physics from the discovery of radioactivity to the discovery of fission, and would be ideal for instructors of a sophomore-level “Modern Physics” course. Student-level exercises at the ends of the chapters are accompanied by answers. Chapter 7 covers the physics of first-generation fission weapons at a similar level, again accompanied by exercises and answers. For the interested layman and for non-science students and instructors, the book includes extensive qualitative material on the history, organization, implementation, and results of the Manhattan Project and the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing missions. The reader also learns about the legacy of the Project as reflected in the current world stockpiles of nuclear weapons. This second edition contains important revisions and additions, including a new chapter on the German atomic bomb program and new sections on British and Canadian contributions to the Manhattan project and on feed materials. Several other sections have been expanded; reader feedback has been helpful in introducing minor corrections and improved explanations; and, last but not least, the second edition includes a detailed index.
Sustainable Power Technologies and Infrastructure by Galen J. Suppes,Truman S. Storvick Pdf
This book presents an overview of current renewable energy sources, challenges and future trends. Drawing from their longtime expertise and deep knowledge of the field, the authors present a critic and well-structured perspective on sustainable power sources and technologies, including solar, wind, hydrogen and nuclear, both in large and small scale. Using accessible language they provide rigorous technological reviews and analyze the main issues of practical usage. The book addresses current questions in this area, such as: "Is there enough biomass to make a difference in energy needs? Should biomass be used in Energy Generation?"; "How mature is battery technology? Will it finally become cost effective, and will it make a significant difference this next decade?"; "How big a role will small and modular nuclear power generation play in the coming decades?"; "What will be the influence of national tax policies?". No prior technical knowledge is assumed of the reader. It is, therefore, ideal for professionals and students in all areas of energy and power systems, as well as those involved in energy planning, management and policy. Presents a realistic and clear overview of the key sustainable energy technologies that will play important roles in the world’s energy mix and their impact on the current power infrastructure. Discusses key societal and economic topics related to the implementation of sustainable energy sources in a straightforward way. Covers a broad variety of sustainable and renewable energy sources, including hydrogen and bioenergy. It also explores key issues on small modular nuclear facilities, advances in battery technologies, grid integration, off-grid communities and the most recent topics in energy economics and policy.
The U.S. military is one of the largest and most complex organizations in the world. How it spends its money, chooses tactics, and allocates its resources have enormous implications for national defense and the economy. The Science of War is the only comprehensive textbook on how to analyze and understand these and other essential problems in modern defense policy. Michael O'Hanlon provides undergraduate and graduate students with an accessible yet rigorous introduction to the subject. Drawing on a broad range of sources and his own considerable expertise as a defense analyst and teacher, he describes the analytic techniques the military uses in every crucial area of military science. O'Hanlon explains how the military budget works, how the military assesses and deploys new technology, develops strategy and fights wars, handles the logistics of stationing and moving troops and equipment around the world, and models and evaluates battlefield outcomes. His modeling techniques have been tested in Iraq and Afghanistan, including the methods he used to predict higher-than-anticipated troop fatalities in Iraq--controversial predictions that have since been vindicated. The Science of War is the definitive resource on warfare in the twenty-first century. Gives the best introduction to defense analysis available Covers defense budgeting Shows how to model and predict outcomes in war Explains military logistics, including overseas basing Examines key issues in military technology, including missile defense, space warfare, and nuclear-weapons testing Based on the author's graduate-level courses at Princeton, Columbia, and Georgetown universities
Author : Charles D. Ferguson,William C. Potter Publisher : Routledge Page : 387 pages File Size : 49,9 Mb Release : 2012-08-21 Category : Political Science ISBN : 9781135086398
The Four Faces of Nuclear Terrorism by Charles D. Ferguson,William C. Potter Pdf
The Four Faces of Nuclear Terrorism, a new book from the Center for Nonproliferation Studies, assesses the motivations and capabilities of terrorist organizations to acquire and use nuclear weapons, to fabricate and and detonate crude nuclear explosives, to strike nuclear power plants and other nuclear facilities, and to build and employ radiological weapons or "dirty bombs."
Russia Direct Guidebook to Russian Foreign Policy by Russia Direct,Yaroslav Cohen,Dominic Basulto ,Alexei Pilko,Oleg Boyko,Alexey Dolinskiy ,George Joffé,Mark Katz ,Evgeny Pakhomov ,Elena Potapova Pdf
The Russia Direct Guidebook to Russian Foreign Policy, including work by prominent international experts, looks back at some of the defining moments in Moscow’s relations with the world over the past year and analyzes the challenges ahead. From the build-up and execution of the Sochi Olympics to the developments in U.S.-Russia nuclear cooperation, we’ve taken a nuanced look into some of the most critical issues that have had an effect on Russia’s relationship with other countries. This guide compiles five quarterly reports published by Russia Direct from 2013 to 2014 which delve into the changing geopolitical conditions of the time: "Russian Soft Power 2.0" "Afghan Endgame: What Comes Next" "Sochi: Going for the Olympic Gold" "Megatons to Megawatts Program: Hard Lessons and New Opportunities for US-Russian Nuclear cooperation" "From Brain Drain to Brain Gain" The issues covered in this guidebook span a range of topics: how Russia is projecting its military power abroad in conflict zones such as Afghanistan, how it copes with the problem of global terrorism along its own borders, how it manages its economic development by trying to reverse the brain drain, and how Moscow is pivoting in its approach to soft power. Enhance your understanding of Russia by reading expert analysis from the likes of: Thomas Neff of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Ivan Timofeev of the Russian International Affairs Council, George Joffé of the University of Cambridge – just to name a few. The Russia Direct Guidebook to Russian Foreign Policy, including work by prominent international experts, looks back at some of the defining moments in Moscow’s relations with the world over the past year and analyzes the challenges ahead. From the build-up and execution of the Sochi Olympics to the developments in U.S.-Russia nuclear cooperation, we’ve taken a nuanced look into some of the most critical issues that have had an effect on Russia’s relationship with other countries. This guide compiles five quarterly reports published by Russia Direct from 2013 to 2014 which delve into the changing geopolitical conditions of the time: "Russian Soft Power 2.0" "Afghan Endgame: What Comes Next" "Sochi: Going for the Olympic Gold" "Megatons to Megawatts Program: Hard Lessons and New Opportunities for US-Russian Nuclear cooperation" "From Brain Drain to Brain Gain" The issues covered in this guidebook span a range of topics: how Russia is projecting its military power abroad in conflict zones such as Afghanistan, how it copes with the problem of global terrorism along its own borders, how it manages its economic development by trying to reverse the brain drain, and how Moscow is pivoting in its approach to soft power. Enhance your understanding of Russia by reading expert analysis from the likes of: Thomas Neff of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Ivan Timofeev of the Russian International Affairs Council, George Joffé of the University of Cambridge – just to name a few. The Russia Direct Guidebook to Russian Foreign Policy includes maps, infographics, charts and details you can’t get anywhere else.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services Publisher : Unknown Page : 498 pages File Size : 51,5 Mb Release : 2003 Category : Arms control ISBN : UOM:39015089029907
The Role of Bilateral and Multilateral Arms Control Agreements in Controlling Threats from the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services Pdf
Clinton's Foreign Policy in Russia by George A. MacLean Pdf
Some of Bill Clinton's most basic foreign policy elements - democratic peace, the post-Cold War peace dividend, geopolitics and state-society relations - are epitomized in the US-Russian Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) Purchase Agreement. It was one of the most remarkable initiatives of Clinton's presidency, but oddly one of the most obscure that still continues under George W. Bush. This agreement illustrates how successfully the US and Russia could work together to reduce global nuclear fears but also how a series of decisions pitted global designs over American domestic interests. Illustrating one of the most compelling decisions Clinton made as President, this remarkable book elucidates the theory of democratic peace and demonstrates a new and more advanced nuclear restraint regime, from reduction to elimination. The story behind Clinton's decision has repercussions for our understanding of arms control, foreign policy decision making and US-Russian relations. This is a book about the intersection of levels of analysis, international security concerns and domestic political economy, and as such is ideal as a supplementary text for advanced courses in security and foreign policy.