Metaphysics And Ontology Without Myths

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Metaphysics and Ontology Without Myths

Fabio Bacchini
Metaphysics and Ontology Without Myths Book PDF

Author : Fabio Bacchini
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2014-10-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781443868273

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Metaphysics and Ontology Without Myths by Fabio Bacchini Pdf

Metaphysics and ontology feature among the traditional and fundamental concerns of philosophers. Gaining a picture of the world and the kind of objects that exist out there is for most philosophers (past and present) a preliminary aim upon which other theoretical activities depend. In fact, it seems that sound conclusions on topics relevant to ethics, aesthetics, psychology, and common and scientific knowledge can be achieved only after one has been given a picture of that sort. What is worth stressing, though, is that from time to time the tribunal of history has managed to put its finger on some flawed conclusions. To take a time-worn example, who would now accept Plato’s claim that the spatiotemporal world is just an imperfect copy of a world of abstract objects conceived of as perfect unchanging models of concrete things? The picture Plato gave us is nothing but a myth – an account which is too far away from what common sense and science could accept, too detached from the usual ways of conducting a rational discussion. Therefore, pictures of this kind appear to be supported by nothing but dogmas, i.e. uncompromising principles taken as true without any previous critical analysis. And Plato has no shortage of company. Issues of this kind revolving around metaphysics and ontology are tackled in the essays in this volume, which approach a secular debate in fresh and original ways, providing the necessary tools for clearing the field of unpalatable metaphysical and ontological items.

Metaphysical Myths, Mathematical Practice

Jody Azzouni
Metaphysical Myths Mathematical Practice Book PDF

Author : Jody Azzouni
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1994-02-25
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780521442237

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Metaphysical Myths, Mathematical Practice by Jody Azzouni Pdf

This original and exciting study offers a completely new perspective on the philosophy of mathematics. Most philosophers of mathematics try to show either that the sort of knowledge mathematicians have is similar to the sort of knowledge specialists in the empirical sciences have or that the kind of knowledge mathematicians have, although apparently about objects such as numbers, sets, and so on, isn't really about those sorts of things at all. Jody Azzouni argues that mathematical knowledge is a special kind of knowledge that must be gathered in its own unique way. He analyzes the linguistic pitfalls and misperceptions philosophers in this field are often prone to, and explores the misapplications of epistemic principles from the empirical sciences to the exact sciences. What emerges is a picture of mathematics sensitive both to mathematical practice and to the ontological and epistemological issues that concern philosophers. The book will be of special interest to philosophers of science, mathematics, logic, and language. It should also interest mathematicians themselves.

Myth and Metaphysics

W.A. Luijpen
Myth and Metaphysics Book PDF

Author : W.A. Luijpen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401013574

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Myth and Metaphysics by W.A. Luijpen Pdf

This book is an attempt to interpret man's religious existence, an inter pretation for which some of the groundwork was laid by the author's book PHENOMENOLOGY AND ATHEISM (Duquesne University Press, 2nd impression, 1965). That work explored the "denial" of God by the leading atheists and came to terms with the most typical forms assumed by their "denials". Nevertheless, I am not an adherent of atheism. The reason why it is possible to agree with many "atheists" without becoming one of them is that man can misunderstand his own religiousness or lapse into an inauthentic form of being a believer. What many "atheists" unmask is one or the other form of pseudo-religiousness which should be unmasked. On the other hand, I have also constantly refused to identify religiousness with such inauthentic forms and to define it in terms of those forms - just as I refuse to identify the appendix with appendicitis, the heart with an infarct, the psyche as a disturbance, and marriage as a fight. The book offered here has been written since the rise of the radical "God is dead" theology. This "theology" without God has often been presented as the only form of theological thought still suitable for "modern man". As the reader will notice, I reject the brash facility with which some "modern men" measure the relevance of "anything" by its "modernity".

Fundamentals of Ontological Commitment

Paolo Valore
Fundamentals of Ontological Commitment Book PDF

Author : Paolo Valore
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2016-01-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110459036

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Fundamentals of Ontological Commitment by Paolo Valore Pdf

Scientific literature on particular themes in ontology is extremely abundant, but it is often very hard for freshmen or sophomores to find a red thread between the various proposals. This text is an opinionated introduction, a preliminary text to research in ontology from the so called standard approach to ontological commitment, that is from the particular point of view that connects ontological questions to quantificational questions. It offers a survey of this viewpoint in ontology together with their possible applications through a broad array of examples and open problems and, at the same time, essential references to the classics of philosophy, so as to allow non-specialists to understand the terms and analysis procedures characterizing the discipline. Its result is a wide-ranging overview of the issued tackled by ontology, with a particular focus on the most relevant problems of contemporary debate (categorial taxonomies, nonexistent objects, case studies of ontological debates in specific fields of knowledge).

Ontology; Or, the Theory of Being; an Introduction to General Metaphysics

Peter Coffey
Ontology Or the Theory of Being an Introduction to General Metaphysics Book PDF

Author : Peter Coffey
Publisher : Theclassics.Us
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2013-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1230358641

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Ontology; Or, the Theory of Being; an Introduction to General Metaphysics by Peter Coffey Pdf

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1914 edition. Excerpt: ...(6vaia, ens in se subsistens), but which is also a support or subject of accidents (JyiroKeifievov, substans, substare) Nor, indeed, need the child's reason be very highly developed in order to realize that if experience furnishes it with "beings that do not exist in themselves," there must also be beings which do exist in themselves: that if " accidents" exist at all it would be unintelligible and self-contradictory to deny the existence of "substances ." Hence, in the order of our experience the first, implicit notion of substance is that of " something existing in itself" (pvaia); the first explicit notion of it, however, is that by which it is apprehended as "a subject or support of accidents" (rrroKeijjievov, sub-stare, substantial; then by reflection we go back to the explicit notion of it as " something existing in itself." In the real or ontological order the perfection of "existing in itself" is manifestly more fundamental than that of "supporting accidents." It is in accordance with a natural law of language that we name things after the properties whereby they reveal themselves to us, rather than by names implying what is more fundamental and essential in them. "To exist in itself" is an absolute perfection, essential to substance; "to support accidents " is only a relative perfection; nor can we know a priori but a substance might perhaps exist without any accidents: we only know that accidents 1 Cf. Mercier, op. at., % 142 (p. 272). 1 Cf. Kleutghn, op. cit., Dissert, vi., ch. iii., ii, 592. cannot exist without some substance, or subject, or power which will sustain them in existence. Can substance be apprehended by the...

Natural and Artifactual Objects in Contemporary Metaphysics

Richard Davies
Natural and Artifactual Objects in Contemporary Metaphysics Book PDF

Author : Richard Davies
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2019-01-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781350066335

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Natural and Artifactual Objects in Contemporary Metaphysics by Richard Davies Pdf

What is an object? How do we look at them? Why do they matter? This collection presents a lively, timely discussion of natural and artifactual objects, considering the relationship between them from a range of philosophical perspectives, including the philosophy of biology, the metaphysics of space and the philosophy of perception. Beginning from the starting point that natural objects are bona fide, endowed with some natural border between themselves and everything else, while artifactual objects depend on the observation of tacit conventions and may include the ordinary objects of everyday life, this volume explores, contextualises and interrogates objects. Contributors discuss a variety of objects including physical, scientific and mental ones, as well as things that appear to question the limits of object-hood, including holes, Quinean 'posits' and language. The very first collection to address this growing topic within analytic philosophy, Natural and Artifactual Objects in Contemporary Metaphysics represents a highly original work, showcasing some of the most important and influential philosophers working in Europe today.

Living-With Wisdom

Alexander Badman-King
Living With Wisdom Book PDF

Author : Alexander Badman-King
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2021-05-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781000335378

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Living-With Wisdom by Alexander Badman-King Pdf

Living-With Wisdom explores the way in which ancient Greek models of philosophy as an attempt to live ‘the good life’ can and should be realised through the practice of permaculture. Following the thought of Plato and Aristotle, the author places the achievement of wisdom and fulfilment at the centre of the good life, identifying these with the achievement of a complex admixture of virtues, which are dependent on an appreciation of goodness itself. The book then examines the manner in which permaculture – or the practice of sustainable farming or ethical gardening – can provide us with the best opportunity to acquire this ‘moral knowledge’ through the close relationships we can have with other living beings and things. A study of the nature of wisdom and a means of ‘living-with philosophy’, Living-With Wisdom: Permaculture and Symbiotic Ethics reveals that it is by appreciating and sharing in the lives of other organisms that we engage with many dilemmas of life and death and have the opportunity to exercise the virtues. As such, it will appeal to scholars of philosophy, social theory and anthrozoology with interests in virtue ethics, environmental ethics, animal ethics and human-animal relations.

The Meaning of Something

Fosca Mariani Zini
The Meaning of Something Book PDF

Author : Fosca Mariani Zini
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2022-11-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783031096105

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The Meaning of Something by Fosca Mariani Zini Pdf

This innovative volume investigates the meaning of ‘something’ in different recent philosophical traditions in order to rethink the logic and the unity of ontology, without forgetting to compare these views to earlier significative accounts in the history of philosophy. In fact, the revival of interest in “something” in the 19th and 20th centuries as well as in contemporary philosophy can easily be accounted for: it affords the possibility for asking the question: what is there? without engaging in predefined speculative assumptions The issue about “something” seems to avoid any naive approach to the question about what there is, so that it is treated in two main contemporary philosophical trends: “material ontology”, which aims at taking “inventory” of what there is, of everything that is; and “formal ontology”, which analyses the structural features of all there is, whatever it is. The volume advances cutting-edge debates on what is the first et the most general item in ontology, that is to say “something”, because the relevant features of the conceptual core of something are: non-nothingness, otherness. Something means that one being is different from others. The relationality belongs to something.: Therefore, the volume advances cutting-edge debates in phenomenology, analytic philosophy, formal and material ontology, traditional metaphysics.

The Theory and Practice of Ontology

Leo Zaibert
The Theory and Practice of Ontology Book PDF

Author : Leo Zaibert
Publisher : Springer
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2016-12-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781137552785

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The Theory and Practice of Ontology by Leo Zaibert Pdf

This book provides close examination of ontology and the work of Professor Barry Smith, one of the most prolific philosophers of the modern day. In this book numerous scholars who have collaborated with Smith explore the various disciplines in which the impact of his work has been felt over the breadth of his career, including biology, computer science and informatics, cognitive science, economics, genetics, geography, law, neurology, and philosophy itself. While offering in-depth perspectives on ontology, the book also expands upon the breadth of Smith’s influence. With insights from renowned and influential scholars from many different countries, this book is an informative and enlightening celebration of all Smith has contributed to numerous academic schools of thought.

Words and Distinctions for the Common Good

Gabriel Abend
Words and Distinctions for the Common Good Book PDF

Author : Gabriel Abend
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2023-07-25
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780691247069

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Words and Distinctions for the Common Good by Gabriel Abend Pdf

How social scientists' disagreements about their key words and distinctions have been misconceived, and what to do about it Social scientists do research on a variety of topics—gender, capitalism, populism, and race and ethnicity, among others. They make descriptive and explanatory claims about empathy, intelligence, neoliberalism, and power. They advise policymakers on diversity, digitalization, work, and religion. And yet, as Gabriel Abend points out in this provocative book, they can’t agree on what these things are and how to identify them. How to tell if something is a religion or a cult or a sect? What is empathy? What makes this society a capitalist one? Disputes of this sort arise again and again in the social sciences. Abend argues that these disagreements have been doubly misconceived. First, they conflate two questions: how a social science community should use its most important words, and what distinctions it should accept and work with. Second, there’s no fact of the matter about either. Instead, they’re practical reason questions for a community, which aim at epistemically and morally good outcomes. Abend calls on social science communities to work together on their words, distinctions, and classifications. They must make collective decisions about the uses of words, the acceptability of distinctions, and the criteria for assessing both. These decisions aren’t up to individual scholars; the community gets the last word. According to Abend, the common good, justice, and equality should play a significant role in the logic of scientific research. Gabriel Abend is professor of sociology at University of Lucerne and the author of The Moral Background: An Inquiry into the History of Business Ethics (Princeton).

Brill's Companion to the Philosophy of Biology

Andrea Borghini,Elena Casetta
Brill s Companion to the Philosophy of Biology Book PDF

Author : Andrea Borghini,Elena Casetta
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2019-12-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789004400160

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Brill's Companion to the Philosophy of Biology by Andrea Borghini,Elena Casetta Pdf

This translated volume by Andrea Borghini and Elena Casetta (original title: Filosofia della biologia) introduces a wide spectrum of key philosophical problems related to life sciences in a clear framework and an accessible style, with a special emphasis on metaphysical questions.

Ontology Without Borders

Jody Azzouni
Ontology Without Borders Book PDF

Author : Jody Azzouni
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2017-07-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190622565

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Ontology Without Borders by Jody Azzouni Pdf

Our experience of objects (and consequently our theorizing about them) is very rich. We perceive objects as possessing individuation conditions. They appear to have boundaries in space and time, for example, and they appear to move independently of a background of other objects or a landscape. In Ontology Without Boundaries Jody Azzouni undertakes an analysis of our concept of object, and shows what about that notion is truly due to the world and what about it is a projection onto the world of our senses and thinking. Location and individuation conditions are our product: there is no echo of them in the world. Features, the ways that objects seem to be, aren't projections. Azzouni shows how the resulting austere metaphysics tames a host of ancient philosophical problems about constitution ("Ship of Theseus," "Sorities"), as well as contemporary puzzles about reductionism. In addition, it's shown that the same sorts of individuation conditions for properties, which philosophers use to distinguish between various kinds of odd abstracta-universals, tropes, and so on, are also projections. Accompanying our notion of an object is a background logic that makes cogent ontological debate about anything from Platonic objects to Bigfoot. Contemporary views about this background logic ("quantifier variance") make ontological debate incoherent. Azzouni shows how a neutral interpretation of quantifiers and quantifier domains makes sense of both philosophical and pre-philosophical ontological debates. Azzouni also shows how the same apparatus makes sense of our speaking about a host of items--Mickey Mouse, unicorns, Martians--that nearly all of us deny exist. It's allowed by what Azzouni shows about the background logic of our ontological debates, as well as the semantics of the language of those debates that we can disagree over the existence of things, like unicorns, without that background logic and semantics forcing ontological commitments onto speakers that they don't have.

The Myth of Aristotle's Development and the Betrayal of Metaphysics

Walter E. Wehrle
The Myth of Aristotle s Development and the Betrayal of Metaphysics Book PDF

Author : Walter E. Wehrle
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2001-02-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781461609872

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The Myth of Aristotle's Development and the Betrayal of Metaphysics by Walter E. Wehrle Pdf

In this radical reinterpretation of Aristotle's Metaphysics, Walter E. Wehrle demonstrates that developmental theories of Aristotle are based on a faulty assumption: that the fifth chapter of Categories ('substance') is an early theory of metaphysics that Aristotle later abandoned. The ancient commentators unanimously held that the Categories was semantical and not metaphysical, and so there was no conflict between it and the Metaphysics proper. They were right, Wehrle argues: the modern assumption, to the contrary, is based on a medieval mistake and is perpetuated by the anti-metaphysical postures of contemporary philosophy. Furthermore, by using the logico-semantical distinction in Aristotle's works, Wehrle shows just how the principal 'contradictions' in Metaphysics Books VII and VIII can be resolved. The result in an interpretation of Aristotle that challenges mainstream viewpoints, revealing a supreme philosopher in sharp contrast to the developmentalists' version.

Forms of Life and Subjectivity

Daniel Rueda Garrido
Forms of Life and Subjectivity Book PDF

Author : Daniel Rueda Garrido
Publisher : Open Book Publishers
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2021-11-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781800642218

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Forms of Life and Subjectivity by Daniel Rueda Garrido Pdf

Forms of Life and Subjectivity: Rethinking Sartre’s Philosophy explores the fundamental question of why we act as we do. Informed by an ontological and phenomenological approach, and building mainly, but not exclusively, on the thought of Sartre, Daniel Rueda Garrido considers the concept of a "form of life” as a term that bridges the gap between subjective identity and communities. This first systematic ontology of "forms of life” seeks to understand why we act in certain ways, and why we cling to certain identities, such as nationalisms, social movements, cultural minorities, racism, or religion. The answer, as Rueda Garrido argues, depends on an understanding of ourselves as "forms of life” that remains sensitive to the relationship between ontology and power, between what we want to be and what we ought to be. Structured in seven chapters, Rueda Garrido’s investigation yields illuminating and timely discussions of conversion, the constitution of subjectivity as an intersubjective self, the distinction between imitation and reproduction, the relationship between freedom and facticity, and the dialectical process by which two particular ways of being and acting enter into a situation of assimilation-resistance, as exemplified by capitalist and artistic forms of life. This ambitious and original work will be of great interest to scholars and students of philosophy, social sciences, cultural studies, psychology and anthropology. Its wide-ranging reflection on the human being and society will also appeal to the general reader of philosophy.