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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Protocols by Yinduo Ji Pdf
This book provides a comprehensive collection of the most up-to-date techniques for the detection and investigation of MRSA. Each chapter begins with a brief introduction to the method and purpose, and then goes into detailed protocols for every step of analysis. Several chapters also include a section with tips not usually found in methods books. These tips may represent the difference between immediate success and lengthy troubleshooting.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Protocols by Yinduo Ji Pdf
This third edition volume expands on the previous editions with an update on the latest techniques used for the detection, genotyping, and investigating pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo. The methods covered in this book mostly focus on routine clinical diagnosis, surveillance, research, and practice for treatment of patients infected by multi-drug resistant S. aureus. The book also covers the epidemiology of MRSA, molecular typing approaches, clinical treatment of MRSA infections, and animal models of drug discovery. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Informative and cutting-edge, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Protocols: Cutting-Edge Technologies and Advancements, Third Edition is a valuable resource for researchers looking to set up new methods to study S. aureus, and will also be very useful for technicians and scientists working on other bacterial pathogens.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Protocols by Yinduo Ji Pdf
This third edition volume expands on the previous editions with an update on the latest techniques used for the detection, genotyping, and investigating pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo. The methods covered in this book mostly focus on routine clinical diagnosis, surveillance, research, and practice for treatment of patients infected by multi-drug resistant S. aureus. The book also covers the epidemiology of MRSA, molecular typing approaches, clinical treatment of MRSA infections, and animal models of drug discovery. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Informative and cutting-edge, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Protocols: Cutting-Edge Technologies and Advancements, Third Edition is a valuable resource for researchers looking to set up new methods to study S. aureus, and will also be very useful for technicians and scientists working on other bacterial pathogens.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Protocols by Yinduo Ji Pdf
This book provides a comprehensive collection of the most up-to-date techniques for the detection and investigation of MRSA. Each chapter begins with a brief introduction to the method and purpose, and then goes into detailed protocols for every step of analysis. Several chapters also include a section with tips not usually found in methods books. These tips may represent the difference between immediate success and lengthy troubleshooting.
U. S. Department Human Services,Agency for and Quality
Author : U. S. Department Human Services,Agency for and Quality Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform Page : 0 pages File Size : 40,6 Mb Release : 2013-08 Category : Electronic ISBN : 1491256443
Screening for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa) by U. S. Department Human Services,Agency for and Quality Pdf
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) emerged as a clinically relevant human pathogen more than five decades ago. The virulent bacterium was first detected in hospitals and other health care facilities where vulnerable hosts, frequent exposure to the selective pressure of intensive antimicrobial therapy, and the necessity for invasive procedures created a favorable environment for dissemination. MRSA emerged as an important cause of healthcare-associated infections, particularly central line-associated bloodstream infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and surgical site infection (SSI). Despite the adoption of infection-control measures, the incidence of MRSA infection at most U.S. hospitals steadily increased for many years, but it is now decreasing. While the decrease in the incidence of MRSA infection may be due to efforts to screen for MRSA carriage, it may also be due to secular trends (such as efforts to improve patient safety) and to confounders (such as efforts to improve the appropriate use of antibiotics and to decrease healthcare-associated infections in general, including catheter-associated bloodstream infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and SSI). A number of analyses suggest that MRSA infections are associated with increased mortality and cost of care when compared with those due to strains that are susceptible to methicillin. Even the availability of newer pharmaceutical agents with specific activity against MRSA has not ameliorated the challenge of caring for patients with MRSA. The widespread use of these agents has been limited, in part due to toxicity, cost, and uncertainty as to optimal indications. The management and control of MRSA have been further complicated by dramatic changes in the epidemiology of transmission and infection observed over the past two decades. Specifically, S. aureus strains resistant to methicillin, once exclusively linked to hospital care, have increasingly been detected among patients in the community who lack conventional risk factors for MRSA infection. Community-acquired MRSA has been linked to outbreaks of infection in hospitals and health care facilities. Conventional strategies for the control of MRSA have focused on the prevention of spread from patient to patient. The effectiveness of hand hygiene in preventing the spread of MRSA has been demonstrated in observational studies in which hand hygiene promotion campaigns were associated with subsequent reductions in the incidence of MRSA among hospitalized patients. While hand hygiene remains important in the effort to control MRSA transmission, the continued spread of the pathogen after its initial introduction in most facilities has prompted efforts to identify additional strategies. The use of contact isolation-including the donning of gowns and gloves when interacting with patients colonized or infected with MRSA and the assignment of such patients to single rooms or to a room with a group of affected patients-has been widely promoted and adopted. Such isolation precautions now are the centerpiece of most authoritative guidelines for MRSA control. Despite the broad consensus associated with the use of contact isolation for MRSA prevention, the specific evidence in support of this practice remains limited and indirect. The objective of this review was to synthesize comparative studies that examined the benefits or harms of screening for MRSA carriage in the inpatient or outpatient settings. The review examined MRSA-screening strategies applied to all hospitalized or ambulatory patients, as well as screening strategies applied to selected inpatient or outpatient populations, and compared them with no screening or with screening of selected patient populations. The review evaluated MRSA-screening strategies that included screening with or without isolation and with or without attempted eradication/decolonization.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Guidelines Pocketcard 2011 by Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Pdf
GUIDELINES Pocketcards are 4" x 7" spiral-bound pocketcards containing society-endorsed, evidence-based treatment guidelines in a brief tabular format that is most preferred by practicing clinicians, quality managers, nurses, educators, and medical students. The Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) GUIDELINES Pocketcard is endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and based on the latest IDSA guidelines. This practical quick-reference tool contains key summary points, treatment recommendations, comprehensive site- and age-specific drug therapy, and dosing information. The MRSA GUIDELINES Pocketcard provides all that is needed to make accurate clinical decisions at the point of care including key points; site-specific treatment recommendations; infections in neonates; vancomycin management and monitoring; current medication tables with brand and generic names; and detailed drug information including strengths, formulations, and comments. Applications include point-of-care, education, QI interventions, clinical trials, medical reference, and clinical research.
Staphylococcus aureus: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition by Anonim Pdf
Staphylococcus aureus: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Staphylococcus aureus in a concise format. The editors have built Staphylococcus aureus: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Staphylococcus aureus in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Staphylococcus aureus: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
MRSA (methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) Infections and Treatment by Manal M. Baddour Pdf
Incidents of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been prominent in the news over the past few years, drawing attention to a type of infection that is resistant to certain antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus has three features that make it distinct among most other clinically important bacteria. Not only do MRSA infections lead to higher lengths of stay and more cost then MSSA infections, but more importantly, MRSA infections lead to a higher mortality. MRSA is no longer confined to hospitals and hospital-attending people, it has now vigorously invaded recreational, rehabilitation, sporting and teaching facilities.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus by Mary T. Cafferkey Pdf
This thorough reference explores the clinical and laboratory aspects of managing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection - addressing historical features of its evolution and the extent of the current problem globally.;Written by over 15 renowned experts in the field of MRSA, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: examines epidemiologic facets of MRSA such as transmission, reservoirs, failure to detect carriers and transient carriage by staff; details MRSA detection methods including heterogenous resistance, hyper beta lactamase production, disc diffusion, broth microdilution, and automated systems; discusses restriction enzyme fingerprinting of chromosomal DNA in relation to the genetic control of putative virulence factor production; covers the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and clinical use of agents commonly employed to treat MRSA; identifies the antimicrobials and antibiotics avialable to combat invasive MRSA infection; contrasts the North American and European approaches to treating MRSA carriers; and describes isolation and control methods and their financial implications to prevent the spread of MRSA.;Containing over 870 bibliographic references, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus is for infectious disease specialists and infection control practitioners, clinical microbiologists, pharmacists, molecular biologists, hospital epidemiologists, and medical and graduate school students in these disciplines.
Frontiers in Staphylococcus aureus by Shymaa Enany,Laura Crotty Alexander Pdf
Staphylococcus was first recognized as a human pathogen in 1880 and was named for its grape cluster-like appearance. In 1884, Staphylococcus aureus was identified and named for its vibrant golden color, which was later found to be the result of golden toxin production. Here, experts examine in-depth patterns of S. aureus colonization and exposures in humans, mammals, and birds that have led to the development of various clinical diseases. The mode of transmission of S. aureus and different methods for its detection in different samples are defined. Conventional antibiotic options to treat this aggressive, multifaceted, and readily adaptable pathogen are becoming limited. Alternative, novel chemotherapeutics to target S. aureus are discussed in the pages within, including herbal medicines, bee products, and modes of delivery.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) by Charles L. Kolendi Pdf
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium responsible for difficult-to-treat infections in humans. It may also be referred to as multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA is by definition a strain of Staphylococcus aureus that is resistant to a large group of antibiotics called the beta-lactams, which include the penicillins and the cephalosporins. MRSA was identified as a nosocomial pathogen in the 1960's. MRSA acquisition has traditionally been linked to health care settings and specific patient populations. Established risk factors for MRSA infection include older age, recent hospitalization or surgery, past antimicrobial therapy, residence in a long-term care facility, dialysis, indwelling percutaneous devices and cathethers. This new and important book gathers the latest research from around the globe in this field and focuses on such topics as: risk factors for MRSA in a pediatric surgical ward, MRSA treatments, the anatomy of an outbreak, and others.
Prevalence and Detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) by Ashish Kumar Singh,Hare Krishna Tiwari,Smriti Rekha Gogoi Pdf
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major nosocomial pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology of MRSA has continued to evolve since its first appearance more than three decades ago. Epidemic strains of these MRSA are usually resistant to several other antibiotics. During the past 15 years, the appearance and worldwide spread of many such clones have caused major therapeutic problems in many hospitals as well as the diversion of considerable resources to attempts at controlling their spread.It has been seen that the increasing prevalence of MRSA infections in the hospitals, other care centers and in the community has become a worldwide phenomenon. The widespread of the multi-drug resistant strains and the antibiotic clones of the bacteria is worrying as it complicates the diagnosis and chemotherapies. There is a need for the adequate policy framework on infection control that will reflect the current epidemiologic characters of MRSA as well as the strict implementation of such control program to checkmate the spread of MRSA infections. MRSA and now vancomycin resistance has also resulted in a steady decline in efficacy of these antibiotics. MRSA is no longer only an infection that is acquired in hospitals (HA-MRSA), although this remains a primary source of transmission. The incidence of HA and CA-MRSA infections as well as their prevalence varies considerably among countries. Some of the MRSA clones lineages are more frequently isolated than others owing to their survival and transmissibility. The HA-MRSA is endemic in many hospitals worldwide. The MRSA has markedly influenced the empirical therapy for Staphylococcal infections. Limited therapeutic options are available for the management of these infections. Most β-lactam antibiotics are ineffective against both HA and CA-MRSA. The HA-MRSA is usually MDR. Resistance to β-lactam drugs varies geographically and may change over time. The infections were treated with oral antibiotics including doxycycline, minocycline, clindamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, rifampicin and fusidic acid. Severe HA-MRSA infections demand intravenous vancomycin therapy. Transmission can be prevented by following infection control strategies and decolonization therapy. The key to MRSA control is the early treatment of MRSA infections and the following of good infection control practices. As only limited drugs are available for the treatment of MRSA, irrational use of antibiotics should be avoided and a rational antibiotic policy must be adopted.
Author : Alfred S. Evans Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 744 pages File Size : 47,6 Mb Release : 2013-11-11 Category : Medical ISBN : 9781468447279
also occurs. New outbreaks of yellow fever have occurred in Colombia and Trinidad and new outbreaks of rift valley fever have occurred in Egypt. Chapter 6, Arenaviruses: The biochemical and physical properties have now been clar ified, and they show a remarkable uniformity in the various viruses constituting the group. The possibility that prenatal infection with LCM may result in hydrocephalus and chorioretinitis has been raised. Serologic surveys have suggested the existence of Lassa virus infection in Guinea, Central African Empire, Mali, Senegal, Cameroon, and Benin, in addition to earlier identification in Nigeria, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Chapter 7, Coronaviruses: New studies have confirmed the important role of these viruses in common respiratory illnesses of children and adults. The viruses are now known to contain a single positive strand of RNA. About 50% of corona virus infections result in clinical illness. About 5% of common colds are caused by strain DC 43 in winter. Chapter 8, Cytomegalovirus: Sections on pathogenesis of CMV in relation to organ transplantation and mononucleosis, as well as sections on the risk and features of con genital infection and disease, have been expanded. There are encouraging preliminary results with a live CMV vaccine, but the questions of viral persistence and oncogenicity require further evaluation.
National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia)
Author : National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia) Publisher : Unknown Page : 33 pages File Size : 43,6 Mb Release : 2011 Category : Aboriginal Australians ISBN : 1864965223
Caring for People who Sniff Petrol Or Other Volatile Substances by National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia) Pdf
These guidelines provide recommendations that outline the critical aspects of infection prevention and control. The recommendations were developed using the best available evidence and consensus methods by the Infection Control Steering Committee. They have been prioritised as key areas to prevent and control infection in a healthcare facility. It is recognised that the level of risk may differ according to the different types of facility and therefore some recommendations should be justified by risk assessment. When implementing these recommendations all healthcare facilities need to consider the risk of transmission of infection and implement according to their specific setting and circumstances.
