Methodological And Historical Essays In The Natural And Social Sciences

Author : Robert S. Cohen,Marx W. Wartofsky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401021289

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Methodological and Historical Essays in the Natural and Social Sciences by Robert S. Cohen,Marx W. Wartofsky Pdf

Modem philosophy of science has turned out to be a Pandora's box. Once opened, the puzzling monsters appeared: not only was the neat structure of classical physics radically changed, but a variety of broader questions were let loose, bearing on the nature of scientific inquiry and of human knowledge in general. Philosophy of science could not help becoming epistemological and historical, and could no longer avoid metaphysical questions, even when these were posed in disguise. Once the identification of scientific methodology with that of physics had been queried, not only did biology and psychology come under scrutiny as major modes of scientific inquiry, but so too did history and the social sciences - particularly economics, sociology and anthropology. And now, new 'monsters' are emerging - for example, medicine and political science as disciplined inquiries. This raises anew a much older question, namely whether the conception of science is to be distinguished from a wider conception of learning and inquiry? Or is science to be more deeply understood as the most adequate form of learning and inquiry, whose methods reach every domain of rational thought? Is modern science matured reason, or is it simply one historically adapted and limited species of western reason? In our colloquia at Boston University, over the past fourteen years, we have been probing and testing the scope of philosophy of science.

Author : Larry Laudan
Publisher : Springer
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401572880

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Science and Hypothesis by Larry Laudan Pdf

This book consists of a collection of essays written between 1965 and 1981. Some have been published elsewhere; others appear here for the first time. Although dealing with different figures and different periods, they have a common theme: all are concerned with examining how the method of hy pothesis came to be the ruling orthodoxy in the philosophy of science and the quasi-official methodology of the scientific community. It might have been otherwise. Barely three centuries ago, hypothetico deduction was in both disfavor and disarray. Numerous rival methods for scientific inquiry - including eliminative and enumerative induction, analogy and derivation from first principles - were widely touted. The method of hypothesis, known since antiquity, found few proponents between 1700 and 1850. During the last century, of course, that ordering has been inverted and - despite an almost universal acknowledgement of its weaknesses - the method of hypothesis (usually under such descriptions as 'hypothetico deduction' or 'conjectures and refutations') has become the orthodoxy of the 20th century. Behind the waxing and waning of the method of hypothesis, embedded within the vicissitudes of its fortunes, there is a fascinating story to be told. It is a story that forms an integral part of modern science and its philosophy.

Author : R. Laudan
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2010-10-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9048183677

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Science and Hypothesis by R. Laudan Pdf

Author : Robert S Cohen
Publisher : Springer
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2014-01-15
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9401733929

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The Natural Sciences and the Social Sciences by Robert S Cohen Pdf

Author : Lee D. Parker,Finley O. Graves
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317974031

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Methodology and Method in History (RLE Accounting) by Lee D. Parker,Finley O. Graves Pdf

This bibliography provides the reader with a comprehensive reference tool that will enhance understanding of methodological issues and enable the user to employ research methods appropriate to their subject of study. It also provides accounting historians a comprehensive data base for the development of papers addressing methodological issues in an accounting history context. Access to this type of resource is particularly crucial to the development of accounting history research since the number of papers dealing with methodological issues published in accounting history literature is very small. Hence the references in this bibliography are drawn from the literature of general history, economic and business history, legal and social history and philosophy. The scope and range of its contents are broad – references are taken from texts as well as papers published in over 450 journals.

Author : Robert S. Cohen
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2010-12-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 904814258X

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The Natural Sciences and the Social Sciences by Robert S. Cohen Pdf

Natural Sciences and the Social Sciences contains a series of explorations of the different ways in which the social sciences have interacted with the natural sciences. Usually, such interactions are considered to go only `one way': from the natural to the social sciences. But there are several important essays in this volume which show how developments in the social sciences have affected the natural sciences - even the `hard' science of physics. Other essays deal with various types of interaction since the Scientific Revolution. In his general introductory chapter, Cohen sets some general themes concerning analogies and homologies and the use of metaphors, drawing specific examples from the use of concepts of physics by marginalist economists and of developments in the life sciences by organismic sociologists. The remaining chapters, which explore the different ways in which the social sciences and the natural sciences have actually interacted, are written by leaders in the field of history of science, drawn from a wide range of countries and disciplines. The book will be of great interest to all historians of science, philosophers interested in questions of methodology, economists and sociologists, and all social scientists concerned with the history of their subject and its foundations.

Author : Peter Gärdenfors,Jan Wolenski,K. Kijania-Placek
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 584 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401704755

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In the Scope of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science by Peter Gärdenfors,Jan Wolenski,K. Kijania-Placek Pdf

This is the second of two volumes containing papers submitted by the invited speakers to the 11th international Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, held in Cracow in 1999, under the auspices of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science, Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. The invited speakers are the leading researchers and accordingly the book presents the current state of the intellectual discourse in the respective fields.

Author : S. Turner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401734615

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The Search for a Methodology of Social Science by S. Turner Pdf

Stephen Turner has explored the ongms of social science in this pioneering study of two nineteenth century themes: the search for laws of human social behavior, and the accumulation and analysis of the facts of such behavior through statistical inquiry. The disputes were vigorously argued; they were over questions of method, criteria of explanation, interpretations of probability, understandings of causation as such and of historical causation in particular, and time and again over the ways of using a natural science model. From his careful elucidation of John Stuart Mill's proposals for the methodology of the social sciences on to his original analysis of the methodological claims and practices of Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, Turner has beautifully traced the conflict between statistical sociology and a science offactual description on the one side, and causal laws and a science of nomological explanation on the other. We see the works of Comte and Quetelet, the critical observations of Herschel, Buckle, Venn and Whewell, and the tough scepticism of Pearson, all of these as essential to the works of the classical founders of sociology. With Durkheim's essay on Suicide and Weber's monograph on The Protestant Ethic, Turner provides both philosophical analysis to demonstrate the continuing puzzles over cause and probability and also a perceptive and wry account of just how the puzzles of our late twentieth century are of a piece with theirs. The terms are still familiar: reasons vs.

Author : Jaakko Hintikka,D. Gruender,E. Agazzi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400990456

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Theory Change, Ancient Axiomatics, and Galileo’s Methodology by Jaakko Hintikka,D. Gruender,E. Agazzi Pdf

Proceedings of the 1978 Pisa, Italy, September 4-8, 1978 Conference on the History and Philosophy of Science

Author : G.L. Pandit
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 451 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401131742

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Methodological Variance by G.L. Pandit Pdf

For a philosopher with an abiding interest in the nature of objective knowledge systems in science, what could be more important than trying to think in terms of those very subjects of such knowledge to which men like Galileo, Newton, Max Planck, Einstein and others devoted their entire lifetimes? In certain respects, these systems and their structures may not be beyond the grasp of a linguistic conception of science, and scientific change, which men of science and philosophy have advocated in various forms in recent times. But certainly it is wrong-headed to think that one's conception of science can be based on an identification of its theories with languages in which they may be, my own alternatively, framed. There may be more than one place in book (1983: 87) where they may seem to get confused with each other, quite against my original intentiens. The distinction between the objec tive knowledge systems in science and the dynamic frameworks of the languages of the special individual sciences, in which their growth can be embedded in significant ways, assumes here, therefore, much impor tance. It must be recognized that the problems concerning scientific change, which these systems undergo, are not just problems concerning language change.

Author : Robert Sonné Cohen,Kostas Gavroglu,John Stachel,Marx W. Wartofsky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1995-02-28
Category : History
ISBN : 0792329899

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Science, Politics and Social Practice by Robert Sonné Cohen,Kostas Gavroglu,John Stachel,Marx W. Wartofsky Pdf

In three volumes, a distinguished group of scholars from a variety of disciplines in the natural and social sciences, the humanities and the arts contribute essays in honor of Robert S. Cohen, on the occasion of his 70th birthday. The range of the essays, as well as their originality, and their critical and historical depth, pay tribute to the extraordinary scope of Professor Cohen's intellectual interests, as a scientist-philosopher and a humanist, and also to his engagement in the world of social and political practice. In Science, Politics and Social Practice, (Volume II of Essays in Honor of Robert S. Cohen), an international group of scholars -- philosophers, sociologists, historians, and political scientists -- discuss issues at the cutting edge of contemporary social and political thought, and its bearing on science. Several essays discuss the relations of Marxism to science, and specifically, to the philosophies of science of Carnap and Popper, as well as Soviet Marxism, and the effects of Stalinism on Soviet science. There are also essays on the philosophy and methodology of the social sciences, on questions of method and aim in historical narrative, on the issue of cultural relativism, and more.

Author : Christina E. Erneling,David M. Johnson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2005-01-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0195349997

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The Mind As a Scientific Object by Christina E. Erneling,David M. Johnson Pdf

What holds together the various fields that are supposed to consititute the general intellectual discipline that people now call cognitive science? In this book, Erneling and Johnson identify two problems with defining this discipline. First, some theorists identify the common subject matter as the mind, but scientists and philosophers have not been able to agree on any single, satisfactory answer to the question of what the mind is. Second, those who speculate about the general characteristics that belong to cognitive science tend to assume that all the particular fields falling under the rubric--psychology, linguistics, biology, and son on--are of roughly equal value in their ability to shed light on the nature of mind. This book argues that all the cognitive science disciplines are not equally able to provide answers to ontological questions about the mind, but rather that only neurophysiology and cultural psychology are suited to answer these questions. However, since the cultural account of mind has long been ignored in favor of the neurophysiological account, Erneling and Johnson bring together contributions that focus especially on different versions of the cultural account of the mind.

Author : J.J. Cohen,J. Los,H. Pfeiffer,K.-P. Podewski
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 871 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2011-10-10
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780080960302

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Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science VI by J.J. Cohen,J. Los,H. Pfeiffer,K.-P. Podewski Pdf

Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science VI presents the results of recent research into the foundations of science. The volume contains invited papers presented at the Congress, covering the areas of Logic, Mathematics, Physical Sciences, Biological Sciences and the Humanities.

Author : D. Ginev,Robert S. Cohen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401157889

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Issues and Images in the Philosophy of Science by D. Ginev,Robert S. Cohen Pdf

Azarya Polikarov was born in Sofia on October 9, 1921. Through the many stages of politics, economy, and culture in Bulgaria, he maintained his rational humanity and scientific curiosity. He has been a splendid teacher and an accomplished critical philosopher exploring the conceptual and historical vicis situdes of physics in modern times and also the science policies that favor or threaten human life in these decades. Equally and easily at home both within the Eastern and Central European countries and within the Western world. Polikarov is known as a collaborating genial colleague, a working scholar. not at all a visiting academic tourist. He understands the philosophy of science from within, in all its developments, from the classical beginnings through the great ages of Galilean, Newtonian. Maxwellian science. to the times of the stunning discoveries and imaginative theories of his beloved Einstein and Bohr of the twentieth century. Moreover, his understanding has come along with a deep knowledge of the scientific topics in themselves. Looking at our Appendix listing his principal publications, we see that Polikarov's public research career, after years of science teaching and popular science writing, began in the fifties in Bulgarian, Russian and German journals.

Author : Garland E. Allen,Roy M. MacLeod
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9789401729567

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Science, History and Social Activism by Garland E. Allen,Roy M. MacLeod Pdf

"To earn a degree, every doctoral candidate should go out to Harvard Square, find an audience, and explain his [or her] dissertation". Everett Mendelsohn's worldly advice to successive generations of students, whether apocryphal or real, has for over forty years spoken both to the essence of his scholarship, and to the role of the scholar. Possibly no one has done more to establish the history of the life sciences as a recognized university discipline in the United States, and to inspire a critical concern for the ways in which science and technology operate as central features of Western society. This book is both an act of homage and of commemoration to Professor Mendelsohn on his 70th birthday. As befits its subject, the work it presents is original, comparative, wide-ranging, and new. Since 1960, Everett Mendelsohn has been identified with Harvard Univer sity, and with its Department of the History of Science. Those that know him as a teacher, will also know him as a scholar. In 1968, he began- and after 30 years, has just bequeathed to others - the editorship of the Journal of the History of Biology, among the earliest and one of the most important publications in its field. At the same time, he has been a pioneer in the social history and sociology of science. He has formed particularly close working relationships with colleagues in Sweden and Germany - as witnessed by his editorial presence in the Sociology of Science Yearbook.