Methodological Aspects Of The Development Of Low Temperature Physics 1881 1956

Author : K. Gavroglu,Yorgos Goudaroulis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 187 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400925564

Get Book

Methodological Aspects of the Development of Low Temperature Physics 1881–1956 by K. Gavroglu,Yorgos Goudaroulis Pdf

This book is primarily about the methodological questions involved in attempts to understand two of the most peculiar phenomena in physics, both occurring at the lowest of temperatures. Superconductivity (the disappearance of electrical resistance) and superfluidity (the total absence of viscosity in liquid helium) are not merely peculiar in their own right. Being the only macroscopic quantum phenomena they also manifest a sudden and dramatic change even in those properties which have been amply used within the classical framework and which were thought to be fully understood after the advent of quantum theory. A few years ago we set ourselves the task of carrying out a methodological study of the "most peculiar" phenomena in physics and trying to understand the process by which an observed (rather than predicted) new phenomenon gets "translated" into a physical problem. We thought the best way of deciding which phenomena to choose was to rely on our intuitive notion about the "degrees of peculiarity" developed, no doubt, during the past ten years of active research in theoretical atomic and elementary particle physics. While the merits of the different candidates were compared, we were amazed to realize that neither the phenomena of the very small nor those of the very large could compete with the phenomena of the very cold. These were truly remarkable phenomena if for no other reason than for the difficulties encountered in merely describing them.

Author : K Gavroglu,Yorgos Goudaroulis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1988-12-31
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9400925573

Get Book

Methodological Aspects of the Development of Low Temperature Physics 1881-1956 by K Gavroglu,Yorgos Goudaroulis Pdf

Author : P. Nicolacopoulos
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 438 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400920156

Get Book

Greek Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science by P. Nicolacopoulos Pdf

Our Greek colleagues, in Greece and abroad, must know (indeed they do know) how pleasant it is to recognize the renaissance of the philosophy of science among them with this fine collection. Classical and modern, technical and humane, historical and logical, admirably original and respectfully traditional, these essays will deserve close study by philosophical readers throughout the world. Classical scholars and historians of science likewise will be stimulated, and the historians of ancient as well as modern philosophers too. Reviewers might note one or more of the contributions as of special interest, or as subject to critical wrestling (that ancient tribute); we will simply congratulate Pantelis Nicolacopoulos for assembling the essays and presenting the book, and we thank the contributors for their works and for their happy agreement to let their writings appear in this book. R. S. C. xi INTRODUCTORY REMARKS Neither philosophy nor science is new to Greece, but philosophy of science is. There are broader (socio-historical) and more specific (academic) reasons that explain, to a satisfactory degree, both the under-development of philosophy and history of science in Greece until recently and its recent development to international standards. It is, perhaps, not easy to have in mind the fact that the modem Greek State is only 160 years old (during quite a period of which it was consider ably smaller than it is today, its present territory having been settled after World War II).

Author : Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 687 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400920798

Get Book

Through Measurement to Knowledge by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Pdf

"Tile; D'apC:Tile; l. DpWTa ()coi 7rpo7rapod)w £ D'T}K,mi'. "between us and Goodness the gods have placed the sweat of our brows". This quote from Isiodos, the first lyrical poet, is jotted on a sheet of paper found among the papers of Heike Kamerlingh Onnes at the Boerhaave Museum, Leiden. On this same sheet, one can also read quotes from Schiller, Goethe, Shakespeare, Homer, Pindar and Dante. Each quote is for somebody or something. It appears to have been a game played at least by Ehrenfest and Crommelin -an unmistakable sign of these two physicists's deep culture. This particular quote was for the "Werkplaats", the Physical Laboratory of the University of Leiden. Our purpose in putting together the Selected Papers of its first Director, Kamerlingh Onnes (1853-1926), is to try and articulate the dominant trends of a different type of culture at Leiden: its physics culture during the years that established low temperature physics as a distinct branch of physics. Our aims in choosing the particular papers are threefold. First, we wish to present the interconnectedness among the different research programs of Kamerlingh Onnes and to bring out the decisive role of the work initiated by van der Waals in determining the direction of nearly all of these research programs.

Author : John L. Heilbron
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2005-06-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780199883769

Get Book

The Oxford Guide to the History of Physics and Astronomy by John L. Heilbron Pdf

With over 150 alphabetically arranged entries about key scientists, concepts, discoveries, technological innovations, and learned institutions, the Oxford Guide to Physics and Astronomy traces the history of physics and astronomy from the Renaissance to the present. For students, teachers, historians, scientists, and readers of popular science books such as Galileo's Daughter, this guide deciphers the methods and philosophies of physics and astronomy as well as the historical periods from which they emerged. Meant to serve the lay reader and the professional alike, this book can be turned to for the answer to how scientists learned to measure the speed of light, or consulted for neat, careful summaries of topics as complicated as quantum field theory and as vast as the universe. The entries, each written by a noted scholar and edited by J. L. Heilbron, Professor of History and Vice Chancellor, Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley, reflect the most up-to-date research and discuss the applications of the scientific disciplines to the wider world of religion, law, war, art and literature. No other source on these two branches of science is as informative or as inviting. Thoroughly cross-referenced and accented by dozens of black and white illustrations, the Oxford Guide to Physics and Astronomy is the source to turn to for anyone looking for a quick explanation of alchemy, x-rays and any type of matter or energy in between.

Author : Diana Kormos Barkan,Diana Kormos Buchwald
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2011-03-03
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9780521176293

Get Book

Walther Nernst and the Transition to Modern Physical Science by Diana Kormos Barkan,Diana Kormos Buchwald Pdf

A 1999 biography of one of Germany's most important scientists (active 1890-1933) and an historical examination of physics and chemistry.

Author : John L. Heilbron
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 994 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2003-02-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 0195112296

Get Book

The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science by John L. Heilbron Pdf

Containing 609 encyclopedic articles written by more than 200 prominent scholars, The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science presents an unparalleled history of the field invaluable to anyone with an interest in the technology, ideas, discoveries, and learned institutions that have shaped our world over the past five centuries. Focusing on the period from the Renaissance to the early twenty-first century, the articles cover all disciplines (Biology, Alchemy, Behaviorism), historical periods (the Scientific Revolution, World War II, the Cold War), concepts (Hypothesis, Space and Time, Ether), and methodologies and philosophies (Observation and Experiment, Darwinism). Coverage is international, tracing the spread of science from its traditional centers and explaining how the prevailing knowledge of non-Western societies has modified or contributed to the dominant global science as it is currently understood. Revealing the interplay between science and the wider culture, the Companion includes entries on topics such as minority groups, art, religion, and science's practical applications. One hundred biographies of the most iconic historic figures, chosen for their contributions to science and the interest of their lives, are also included. Above all The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science is a companion to world history: modern in coverage, generous in breadth, and cosmopolitan in scope. The volume's utility is enhanced by a thematic outline of the entire contents, a thorough system of cross-referencing, and a detailed index that enables the reader to follow a specific line of inquiry along various threads from multiple starting points. Each essay has numerous suggestions for further reading, all of which favor literature that is accessible to the general reader, and a bibliographical essay provides a general overview of the scholarship in the field. Lastly, as a contribution to the visual appeal of the Companion, over 100 black-and-white illustrations and an eight-page color section capture the eye and spark the imagination.

Author : Theodore Arabatzis,Jürgen Renn,Ana Simões
Publisher : Springer
Page : 383 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2015-05-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319145532

Get Book

Relocating the History of Science by Theodore Arabatzis,Jürgen Renn,Ana Simões Pdf

This volume is put together in honor of a distinguished historian of science, Kostas Gavroglu, whose work has won international acclaim, and has been pivotal in establishing the discipline of history of science in Greece, its consolidation in other countries of the European Periphery, and the constructive dialogue of these emerging communities with an extended community of international scholars. The papers in the volume reflect Gavroglu’s broad range of intellectual interests and touch upon significant themes in recent history and philosophy of science. They include topics in the history of modern physical sciences, science and technology in the European periphery, integrated history and philosophy of science, historiographical considerations, and intersections with the history of mathematics, technology and contemporary issues. They are authored by eminent scholars whose academic and personal trajectories crossed with Gavroglu’s. The book will interest historians and philosophers of science and technology alike, as well as science studies scholars, and generally readers interested in the role of the sciences in the past in various geographical contexts.

Author : Kostas Gavroglu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400771994

Get Book

History of Artificial Cold, Scientific, Technological and Cultural Issues by Kostas Gavroglu Pdf

The history of artificial cold has been a rather intriguing interdisciplinary subject (physics, chemistry, technology, sociology, economics, anthropology, consumer studies) which despite some excellent monographs and research papers, has not been systematically exploited. It is a subject with all kinds of scientific, technological as well as cultural dimensions. For example, the common home refrigerator has brought about unimaginably deep changes to our everyday lives changing drastically eating habits and shopping mentalities. From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st, issues related to the production and exploitation of artificial cold have never stopped to provide us with an incredibly interesting set of phenomena, novel theoretical explanations, amazing possibilities concerning technological applications and all encompassing cultural repercussions. The discovery of the unexpected and “bizarre” phenomena of superconductivity and superfluidity, the necessity to incorporate macroscopic quantum phenomena to the framework of quantum mechanics, the discovery of Bose-Einstein condensation and high temperature superconductivity, the use of superconducting magnets for high energy particle accelerators, the construction of new computer hardware, the extensive applications of cryomedicine, and the multi billion industry of frozen foods, are some of the more dramatic instances in the history of artificial cold. ​

Author : J.S. Rowlinson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2016-03-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317054702

Get Book

Sir James Dewar, 1842-1923 by J.S. Rowlinson Pdf

Sir James Dewar was a major figure in British chemistry for around 40 years. He held the posts of Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy at Cambridge (1875-1923) and Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution (1877-1923) and is remembered principally for his efforts to liquefy hydrogen successfully in the field that would come to be known as cryogenics. His experiments in this field led him to develop the vacuum flask, now more commonly known as the thermos, and in 1898 he was the first person to successfully liquefy hydrogen. A man of many interests, he was also, with Frederick Abel, the inventor of explosive cordite, an achievement that involved him in a major legal battle with Alfred Nobel. Indeed, Dewar's career saw him involved in a number of public quarrels with fellow scientists; he was a fierce and sometimes unscrupulous defender of his rights and his claims to priority in a way that throws much light on the scientific spirit and practice of his day. This, the first scholarly biography of Dewar, seeks to resurrect and reinterpret a man who was a giant of his time, but is now sadly overlooked. In so doing, the book will shed much new light on the scientific culture of the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries and the development of the field of chemistry in Britain.

Author : Olival Freire Jr,Guido Bacciagaluppi,Olivier Darrigol,Thiago Hartz,Christian Joas,Alexei Kojevnikov,Osvaldo Pessoa Jr
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 1104 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2022-03-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780192582980

Get Book

The Oxford Handbook of the History of Quantum Interpretations by Olival Freire Jr,Guido Bacciagaluppi,Olivier Darrigol,Thiago Hartz,Christian Joas,Alexei Kojevnikov,Osvaldo Pessoa Jr Pdf

Crucial to most research in physics, as well as leading to the development of inventions such as the transistor and the laser, quantum mechanics approaches its centenary with an impressive record. However, the field has also long been the subject of ongoing debates about the foundations and interpretation of the theory, referred to as the quantum controversy. This Oxford Handbook offers a historical overview of the contrasts which have been at the heart of quantum physics for the last 100 years. Drawing on the wide-ranging expertise of several contributors working across physics, history, and philosophy, the handbook outlines the main theories and interpretations of quantum physics. It goes on to tackle the key controversies surrounding the field, touching on issues such as determinism, realism, locality, classicality, information, measurements, mathematical foundations, and the links between quantum theory and gravity. This engaging introduction is an essential guide for all those interested in the history of scientific controversies and history of quantum physics. It also provides a fascinating examination of the potential of quantum physics to influence new discoveries and advances in fields such quantum information and computing.

Author : Helga Nowotny,Ulrike Felt
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2002-08-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521524792

Get Book

After the Breakthrough by Helga Nowotny,Ulrike Felt Pdf

Short book on the history and sociology of science surrounding the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity.

Author : Anne Marcovich,Terry Shinn
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780198714613

Get Book

Toward a New Dimension by Anne Marcovich,Terry Shinn Pdf

Anne Marcovich and Terry Shinn present key historical moments in the birth and evolution of nanoscience in the last 30 years. The book identifies key historical moments and episodes in the birth and evolution of nanoscience, discusses the novel repertory of epistemological concerns of practitioners, and signals sociological propensities.

Author : Marta García-Matos,Lluís Torner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 145 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2015-06-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781107477414

Get Book

The Wonders of Light by Marta García-Matos,Lluís Torner Pdf

Discover the spectacular power of light with this stunning celebration of the ways in which light-based technology has shaped society.

Author : Jürgen Renn
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 584 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2022-05-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691218595

Get Book

The Evolution of Knowledge by Jürgen Renn Pdf

A fundamentally new approach to the history of science and technology This book presents a new way of thinking about the history of science and technology, one that offers a grand narrative of human history in which knowledge serves as a critical factor of cultural evolution. Jürgen Renn examines the role of knowledge in global transformations going back to the dawn of civilization while providing vital perspectives on the complex challenges confronting us today in the Anthropocene—this new geological epoch shaped by humankind. Renn reframes the history of science and technology within a much broader history of knowledge, analyzing key episodes such as the evolution of writing, the emergence of science in the ancient world, the Scientific Revolution of early modernity, the globalization of knowledge, industrialization, and the profound transformations wrought by modern science. He investigates the evolution of knowledge using an array of disciplines and methods, from cognitive science and experimental psychology to earth science and evolutionary biology. The result is an entirely new framework for understanding structural changes in systems of knowledge—and a bold new approach to the history and philosophy of science. Written by one of today's preeminent historians of science, The Evolution of Knowledge features discussions of historiographical themes, a glossary of key terms, and practical insights on global issues ranging from climate change to digital capitalism. This incisive book also serves as an invaluable introduction to the history of knowledge.