Militarism And The Indo Europeanizing Of Europe

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Militarism and the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe

Robert Drews
Militarism and the Indo Europeanizing of Europe Book PDF

Author : Robert Drews
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2017-05-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351982429

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Militarism and the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe by Robert Drews Pdf

This book argues that the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe essentially began shortly before 1600 BC, when lands rich in natural resources were taken over by military forces from the Eurasian steppe and from southern Caucasia. First were the copper and silver mines (along with good harbors) in Greece, and the copper and gold mines of the Carpathian basin. By ca. 1500 BC other military men had taken over the amber coasts of Scandinavia and the metalworking district of the southern Alps. These military takeovers offer the most likely explanations for the origins of the Greek, Keltic, Germanic and Italic subgroups of the Indo-European language family. Battlefield warfare and militarism, Robert Drews contends, were novelties ca. 1600 BC and were a consequence of the military employment of chariots. Current opinion is that militarism and battlefield warfare are as old as formal states, going back before 3000 BC. Another current opinion is that the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe happened long before 1600 BC. The "Kurgan theory" of Marija Gimbutas and David Anthony dates it from late in the fifth to early in the third millennium BC and explains it as the result of horse-riding conquerors or raiders coming to Europe from the steppe. Colin Renfrew’s Archaeology and Language dates the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe to the seventh and sixth millennia BC, and explains it as a consequence of the spread of agriculture in a "wave of advance" from Anatolia through Europe. Pairing linguistic with archaeological evidence Drews concludes that in Greece and Italy, at least, no Indo-European language could have arrived before the second millennium BC.

Militarism and the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe

Robert Drews
Militarism and the Indo Europeanizing of Europe Book PDF

Author : Robert Drews
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2017-05-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351982412

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Militarism and the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe by Robert Drews Pdf

This book argues that the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe essentially began shortly before 1600 BC, when lands rich in natural resources were taken over by military forces from the Eurasian steppe and from southern Caucasia. First were the copper and silver mines (along with good harbors) in Greece, and the copper and gold mines of the Carpathian basin. By ca. 1500 BC other military men had taken over the amber coasts of Scandinavia and the metalworking district of the southern Alps. These military takeovers offer the most likely explanations for the origins of the Greek, Keltic, Germanic and Italic subgroups of the Indo-European language family. Battlefield warfare and militarism, Robert Drews contends, were novelties ca. 1600 BC and were a consequence of the military employment of chariots. Current opinion is that militarism and battlefield warfare are as old as formal states, going back before 3000 BC. Another current opinion is that the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe happened long before 1600 BC. The "Kurgan theory" of Marija Gimbutas and David Anthony dates it from late in the fifth to early in the third millennium BC and explains it as the result of horse-riding conquerors or raiders coming to Europe from the steppe. Colin Renfrew’s Archaeology and Language dates the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe to the seventh and sixth millennia BC, and explains it as a consequence of the spread of agriculture in a "wave of advance" from Anatolia through Europe. Pairing linguistic with archaeological evidence Drews concludes that in Greece and Italy, at least, no Indo-European language could have arrived before the second millennium BC.

A Global History of Pre-Modern Warfare

Kaushik Roy
A Global History of Pre Modern Warfare Book PDF

Author : Kaushik Roy
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2021-09-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000432121

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A Global History of Pre-Modern Warfare by Kaushik Roy Pdf

This book examines the military histories of the regions beyond Western Europe in the pre-modern era. Existing works on global military history mainly focus on the western part of Eurasia after 1500 CE. As regards the ancient period, such works concentrate exclusively on Greece and Rome. So, ‘global’ military history is actually the triumphal story of the West from Classical Greece onwards. This volume focuses not only on the eastern part of Eurasia but also on South America, Africa and Australasia and seeks to explain the history and varied trajectories of warfare in non-Western regions in the pre-modern era. Further, it evaluates whether warfare in non-Western regions should be considered primitive or inferior when compared with Western warfare. The book notes that Western Europe became militarily significant only in the early modern era and argues that the military divergence that occurred during the early modern era is not unique – it had also occurred in the Bronze Age, the Classical era and in the medieval period. This was due to the dynamism and innovativeness of non-Western militaries and the interconnectedness that existed in parts of the Eurasian landmass. Further, those polities which were able to construct a balanced military force by synthesising diverse elements were not only able to survive but also became capable of projecting power across continents. This book will be of much interest to students of military history, strategic studies and world history.

A Global History of Warfare and Technology

Kaushik Roy
A Global History of Warfare and Technology Book PDF

Author : Kaushik Roy
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2022-08-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9789811934780

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A Global History of Warfare and Technology by Kaushik Roy Pdf

This book addresses the global history of technology, warfare and state formation from the Stone Age to the Information Age. Using a combination of top-down and bottom-up methodologies, it examines both interstate and intrastate conflicts with a focus on Eurasian technology and warfare. It shows how human agency and structural factors have intertwined, creating a complex web of technology and warfare. It also explores the interplay between technological and non-technological factors to chart the evolution of warfare from its origins to the present day, arguing that the interactions between civilian and military sectors have shaped the use of technology in warfare. Given its scope and depth, it is a valuable resource for researchers in fields such as world history, history of science and technology, history of warfare and imperialism and international relations.

Wolves of Rome

Krešimir Vuković
Wolves of Rome Book PDF

Author : Krešimir Vuković
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2022-12-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9783110690118

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Wolves of Rome by Krešimir Vuković Pdf

The study is a fresh interpretation of the Roman foundation myth and one of the most important Roman festivals – the Lupercalia, an annual celebration of youth and sexuality by Roman men and women. Written with clarity and force the book spans the whole of Roman history and takes the Lupercalia back to its Indo-European roots by presenting clear parallels between Roman and Indian traditions.

Routledge Handbook of the Global History of Warfare

Kaushik Roy,Michael W. Charney
Routledge Handbook of the Global History of Warfare Book PDF

Author : Kaushik Roy,Michael W. Charney
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 654 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2024-01-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9780429795466

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Routledge Handbook of the Global History of Warfare by Kaushik Roy,Michael W. Charney Pdf

This handbook examines key aspects of the development of the global history of warfare and the changing patterns of warfare over time. Although scholarship has long eschewed a chronological narrative of the evolution of warfare that privileges the Western experience, global histories of warfare have had difficulty avoiding an overemphasis on the West. The present volume is a collection of themes rather than a history per se; it provides important perspectives on the emergence of warfare as a global historical experience from the ancient past to the present day. Drawing together numerous experts, it tells a broader, more inclusive story of the global, human experience with wars and warfare. The 35 cahtpers are organised in eight thematic parts: Part I: Origins of Warfare Part II: Polities and Armed Forces in the Pre-Modern Era Part III: Steppe Nomads of Eurasia Part IV: Naval Warfare and Piracy in the Pre-Industrial World Part V: The Impact of Gunpowder Part VI: Transition from Industrial to Total War Part VII: Wars of Decolonisation and Cold War Part VIII: Postmodern/New Wars These Parts offer an overview of the global experience of warfare to help readers understand how the wars and the militaries we see today have been shaped by historical developments across the globe. This handbook will be of great interest to students of military history, naval history, strategic studies and world history in general.

Collapse and Transformation

Guy D. Middleton
Collapse and Transformation Book PDF

Author : Guy D. Middleton
Publisher : Oxbow Books
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2020-04-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9781789254280

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Collapse and Transformation by Guy D. Middleton Pdf

The years c. 1250 to 1150 BC in Greece and the Aegean are often characterised as a time of crisis and collapse. A critical period in the long history of the region and its people and culture, they witnessed the end of the Mycenaean kingdoms, with their palaces and Linear B records, and, through the Postpalatial period, the transition into the Early Iron Age. But, on closer examination, it has become increasingly clear that the period as a whole, across the region, defies simple characterisation – there was success and splendour, resilience and continuity, and novelty and innovation, actively driven by the people of these lands through this transformative century. The story of the Aegean at this time has frequently been incorporated into narratives focused on the wider eastern Mediterranean, and most infamously the ‘Sea Peoples’ of the Egyptian texts. In twenty-five chapters written by 25 specialists, Collapse and Transformation instead offers a tight focus on the Aegean itself, providing an up-to date picture of the archaeology ‘before’ and ‘after’ ‘the collapse’ of c. 1200 BC. It will be essential reading for students and scholars of the Aegean and eastern Mediterranean regions, as well as providing data and a range of interpretations to those studying collapse and resilience more widely and engaging in comparative studies. Introductory chapters discuss notions of collapse, and provide overviews of the Minoan and Mycenaean collapses. These are followed by twelve chapters, which review the evidence from the major regions of the Aegean, including the Argolid, Messenia, and Boeotia, Crete, and the Aegean islands. Six chapters then address key themes: the economy, funerary practices, the Mycenaean pottery of the mainland and the wider Aegean and eastern Mediterranean region, religion, and the extent to which later Greek myth can be drawn upon as evidence or taken to reflect any historical reality. The final four chapters provide a wider context for the Aegean story, surveying the eastern Mediterranean, including Cyprus and the Levant, and the themes of subsistence and warfare.

Egypt and the Classical World

Jeffrey Spier,Sara E. Cole
Egypt and the Classical World Book PDF

Author : Jeffrey Spier,Sara E. Cole
Publisher : Getty Publications
Page : 187 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2022-07-26
Category : Art
ISBN : 9781606067390

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Egypt and the Classical World by Jeffrey Spier,Sara E. Cole Pdf

Presenting dynamic research, this publication explores two millennia of cultural interactions between Egypt, Greece, and Rome. From Mycenaean weaponry found among the cargo of a Bronze Age shipwreck off the Turkish coast to the Egyptian-inspired domestic interiors of a luxury villa built in Greece during the Roman Empire, Egypt and the Classical World documents two millennia of cultural and artistic interconnectedness in the ancient Mediterranean. This volume gathers pioneering research from the Getty scholars' symposium that helped shape the major international loan exhibition Beyond the Nile: Egypt and the Classical World (J. Paul Getty Museum, 2018). Generously illustrated essays consider a range of artistic and other material evidence, including archaeological finds, artworks, papyri, and inscriptions, to shed light on cultural interactions between Egypt, Greece, and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Late Period and Ptolemaic dynasty to the Roman Empire. The military's role as a conduit of knowledge and ideas in the Bronze Age Aegean, and an in-depth study of hieroglyphic Egyptian inscriptions found on Roman obelisks offer but two examples of scholarly lacunae addressed by this publication. Specialists across the fields of art history, archaeology, Classics, Egyptology, and philology will benefit from the volume's investigations into syncretic processes that enlivened and informed nearly twenty-five hundred years of dynamic cultural exchange. The free online edition of this open-access publication is available at www.getty.edu/publications/egypt-classical-world/ and includes zoomable, high-resolution photography. Also available are free PDF, EPUB, and Kindle/MOBI downloads of the book.

Hittite Texts and Greek Religion

Ian Rutherford
Hittite Texts and Greek Religion Book PDF

Author : Ian Rutherford
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2020-09-23
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780192599940

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Hittite Texts and Greek Religion by Ian Rutherford Pdf

Our knowledge of ancient Greece has been transformed in the last century by an increased understanding of the cultures of the Ancient Near East. This is particularly true of ancient religion. This book looks at the relationship between the religious systems of Ancient Greece and the Hittites, who controlled Turkey in the Late Bronze Age (1400-1200 BC). The cuneiform texts preserved in the Hittite archives provide a particularly rich source for religious practice, detailing festivals, purification rituals, oracle-consultations, prayers, and myths of the Hittite state, as well as documenting the religious practice of neighbouring Anatolian states in which the Hittites took an interest. Hittite religion is thus more comprehensively documented than any other ancient religious tradition in the Near East, even Egypt. The Hittites are also known to have been in contact with Mycenaean Greece, known to them as Ahhiyawa. The book first sets out the evidence and provides a methodological paradigm for using comparative data. It then explores cases where there may have been contact or influence, such as in the case of scapegoat rituals or the Kumarbi-Cycle. Finally, it considers key aspects of religious practices shared by both systems, such as the pantheon, rituals of war, festivals, and animal sacrifice. The aim of such a comparison is to discover clues that may further our understanding of the deep history of religious practices and, when used in conjunction with historical data, illuminate the differences between cultures and reveal what is distinctive about each of them.

Brill's Companion to Warfare in the Bronze Age Aegean

Anonim
Brill s Companion to Warfare in the Bronze Age Aegean Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 531 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2023-12-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004684065

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Brill's Companion to Warfare in the Bronze Age Aegean by Anonim Pdf

Aegean prehistory was born out of the search for the Trojan War. Since the time of Heinrich Schliemann, new forms of evidence have come to light and innovative questions have arisen, including examinations of warfare as a concept. This volume interrogates the nature of warfare in the Bronze Age Aegean for scholars and teachers with knowledge of the ancient Mediterranean, who wish to access the state of the field when it comes to the ways that specialists approach warfare in the prehistoric Aegean. Authors review evidence, consider the social and cultural place of war, and revisit longstanding questions.

Cavalry: A Global History

Jeremy Black
Cavalry A Global History Book PDF

Author : Jeremy Black
Publisher : Pen and Sword Military
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2023-08-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781399060912

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Cavalry: A Global History by Jeremy Black Pdf

An original and unique work that will fill a huge gap in the field of military history, and be of interest to both scholars and general readers. It is a picture of the universal role of cavalry in warfare from earliest times to the present - and future. This book covers the role of horses and essential mobility in 'shock action', in warfare in the classical world, in the major civilizations of China and India, Steppe cavalry, in the middle ages with Islamic and European conflict, the 'social politics' in Christendom with knightly valor, and war with non-Christian forces including the Muslim invasion of Europe, Islamic Spain, and conflict with the Mongols. The early modern period covers the Asia and North Africa and the Ottomans - a major field of warfare continuing up to the modern period - and the time is notable for the introduction of horses in the Americas - a new phase in cavalry history. The modern period from Napoleon to the First World War is the history of the mobility of cavalry in European warfare and in imperial expansion and empire-building, but the concept of cavalry 'redundancy' arises in the maelstrom of 1914-1918 with artillery bombardment, trench warfare, and the role of infantry. The long 'transition' period leading up the present and future is fascinating for both cavalry and infantry, with the development of tanks and armor. And here is a fascinating and original concept of cavalry 'transformation' and not cavalry 'survivalism', with modern and post-modern development of drone warfare - from horses to drones - as a 'new cavalry' for reconnaissance and combat.

The Coming of the Greeks

Robert Drews
The Coming of the Greeks Book PDF

Author : Robert Drews
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2018-06-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9780691186580

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The Coming of the Greeks by Robert Drews Pdf

When did the Indo-Europeans enter the lands that they occupied during historical times? And, more specifically, when did the Greeks come to Greece? Robert Drews brings together the evidence--historical, linguistic, and archaeological--to tackle these important questions.

Religious Convergence in the Ancient Mediterranean

Sandra Blakely,Billie Jean Collins
Religious Convergence in the Ancient Mediterranean Book PDF

Author : Sandra Blakely,Billie Jean Collins
Publisher : Lockwood Press
Page : 597 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2019-12-15
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781948488174

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Religious Convergence in the Ancient Mediterranean by Sandra Blakely,Billie Jean Collins Pdf

This volume brings together scholars in religion, archaeology, philology, and history to explore case studies and theoretical models of converging religions. The twenty-four essays offered in this volume, which derive from Hittite, Cilician, Lydian, Phoenician, Greek, and Roman cultural settings, focus on encounters at the boundaries of cultures, landscapes, chronologies, social class and status, the imaginary, and the materially operative. Broad patterns ultimately emerge that reach across these boundaries, and suggest the state of the question on the study of convergence, and the potential fruitfulness for comparative and interdisciplinary studies as models continue to evolve.

Individuals and Societies for the IB MYP 4&5: by Concept

Kenneth A Dailey,Danielle Farmer,Emily Giles,Robbie Woodburn
Individuals and Societies for the IB MYP 4 5 by Concept Book PDF

Author : Kenneth A Dailey,Danielle Farmer,Emily Giles,Robbie Woodburn
Publisher : Hodder Education
Page : 614 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2020-03-30
Category : Study Aids
ISBN : 9781510425385

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Individuals and Societies for the IB MYP 4&5: by Concept by Kenneth A Dailey,Danielle Farmer,Emily Giles,Robbie Woodburn Pdf

Develop your skills to become an inquiring learner; ensure you navigate the MYP framework with confidence using a concept-driven and assessment-focused approach to Individuals and societies, presented in global contexts. · Develop conceptual understanding with key MYP concepts and related concepts at the heart of each chapter. · Learn by asking questions for a statement of inquiry in each chapter. · Prepare for every aspect of assessment using support and tasks designed by experienced educators. · Understand how to extend your learning through research projects and interdisciplinary opportunities. · Think internationally with chapters and concepts set in global contexts.

Journal of Greek Archaeology Volume 3 2018

Anonim
Journal of Greek Archaeology Volume 3 2018 Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
Page : 532 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781789690323

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Journal of Greek Archaeology Volume 3 2018 by Anonim Pdf

True to its initial aims, the latest volume of the Journal of Greek Archaeology runs the whole chronological range of Greek Archaeology, while including every kind of material culture.