Military Reform And Democratisation

Author : Karabekir Akkoyunlu
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 107 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2017-10-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351226608

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Military Reform and Democratisation by Karabekir Akkoyunlu Pdf

There is no recipe for democratisation that can be readily applied to all countries. Every country presents unique factors that influence the fate of its democratic reforms, which must therefore be evaluated within their specific socio-political, cultural and historical context. Building on this premise, this paper examines military reform and democratisation through the experiences of Turkey and Indonesia, two democratising countries with predominantly Muslim populations, secular regimes, and militaries that are deeply involved in politics. The paper strives to explain why both the Turkish and Indonesian militaries, which have developed a sense of ownership over the state, may be wary of democratic change; how 'the people' perceive the military's traditional role in society; and in which direction societal and military attitudes towards democratic reform have been moving over the years. In relating these domestic observations to various external factors, it seeks to identify the regional and global trends, events and actors that promote and obstruct the development of substantive democracy in each country, and to draw broader lessons for the study of democratisation and military reform.

Author : Narcís Serra
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2010-02-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9780521116671

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The Military Transition by Narcís Serra Pdf

Narcís Serra, former Spanish Minister of Defence, explains the process and conditions necessary for successful democratic military reform.

Author : Aurel Croissant,David Kuehn
Publisher : Springer
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2017-03-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783319531892

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Reforming Civil-Military Relations in New Democracies by Aurel Croissant,David Kuehn Pdf

This book addresses the challenge of reforming defense and military policy-making in newly democratized nations. By tracing the development of civil-military relations in various new democracies from a comparative perspective, it links two bodies of scholarship that thus far have remained largely separate: the study of emerging (or failed) civilian control over armed forces on the one hand; and work on the roots and causes of military effectiveness to guarantee the protection and security of citizens on the other. The empirical and theoretical findings presented here will appeal to scholars of civil-military relations, democratization and security issues, as well as to defense policy-makers.

Author : Jürgen Rüland,Maria-Gabriela Manea,Hans Born
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2012-09-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783642296246

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The Politics of Military Reform by Jürgen Rüland,Maria-Gabriela Manea,Hans Born Pdf

This volume seeks to explain why democratization and military reforms stagnate in newly democratizing countries. The contributions blend historical, ideational, cultural and structural explanatory factors to analyze the trajectories of military reform in Indonesia and Nigeria, two major regional powers that share many structural commonalities. In the tradition of the literature on security sector reform (SSR), the book not only scrutinizes executive initiatives toward military reform, but also provides ample coverage of societal actors. Findings show that while military reform is stagnating in both countries, societal forces ought to be taken into account more as major driving forces in explaining military reform. Several chapters study how legislatures, non-governmental organizations and the civilian defence epistemic community contribute to the transformation of military institutions. The last part of the book tackles another aspect rarely studied in the literature on military reform, namely, the role of militias in military reform.

Author : David Kuehn,Aurel Croissant
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2023-03-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780198803362

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Routes to Reform by David Kuehn,Aurel Croissant Pdf

This book examines the conditions under which new democracies succeed or fail in establishing firm and lasting civilian control of the military. David Kuehn and Aurel Croissant introduce a multi-dimensional conceptual framework to evaluate the degree of civilian control in new democracies and to trace developments over time. The theory of civilian control in new democracies that they propose integrates rationalist, structuralist, and institutionalist arguments into acoherent model to explain when, how, and through which causal mechanism new democracies succeed or fail in establishing and sustaining civilian control over the military. This theory is tested on an original dataset on civilian control over the military in 66 countries that have made the transitionfrom authoritarian to democratic rule at least once in the period from 1974 to 2010. The study traces the effects of different degrees of civilian control on the survival and democratic quality of third wave democracies, combining large-N statistical analyses with detailed case study narratives of several countries. The book establishes a comprehensive understanding of the conditions and processes under which third wave democracies succeeded or failed in establishing firm and lasting civiliancontrol of the military-and its consequences for the survival and quality of the new democratic structures, processes, and practices.

Author : Kees Koonings,Dirk Kruijt
Publisher : Zed Books
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2002-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1856499804

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Political Armies by Kees Koonings,Dirk Kruijt Pdf

Does the withdrawal of armies from direct rule in most countries herald an end to their role as actors in domestic politics? Has political intervention by the military been superseded? This comparative examination of the politicized armed forces looks at * the consequences of military rule for nation building and economic development * the effects of the passing of the Cold War and the rise of globalization on the political role of the military * the role of political armies in the consolidation of civil politics and democratic governance * the lessons for policy makers in global governance and post-conflict reconstruction The contributors build on successive theories about the role of the military in politics and look to the future. The most threatening scenario may be a proliferation of armed actors and the rise of privatized forces of law and order.

Author : Angel Rabasa,John Haseman
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 185 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2002-12-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780833034021

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The Military and Democracy in Indonesia by Angel Rabasa,John Haseman Pdf

The military is one of the few institutions that cut across the divides of Indonesian society. As it continues to play a critical part in determining Indonesia's future, the military itself is undergoing profound change. The authors of this book examine the role of the military in politics and society since the fall of President Suharto in 1998. They present several strategic scenarios for Indonesia, which have important implications for U.S.-Indonesian relations, and propose goals for Indonesian military reform and elements of a U.S. engagement policy.

Author : Marcus Mietzner
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : History
ISBN : UCSD:31822035680479

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The Politics of Military Reform in Post-Suharto Indonesia by Marcus Mietzner Pdf

This study discusses the process of military reform in Indonesia after the fall of Suharto?s New Order regime in 1998. The extent of Indonesia?s progress in this area has been the subject of heated debate, both in Indonesia and in Western capitals. Human rights organizations and critical academics, on the one hand, have argued that the reforms implemented so far have been largely superficial, and that Indonesia?s armed forces remain a highly problematic institution. Foreign proponents of military assistance to Indonesia, on the other hand, have asserted that the military has undergone radical change, as evidenced by its complete extraction from political institutions. This study evaluates the state of military reform eight years after the end of authoritarian rule, pointing to both significant achievements and serious shortcomings. Although the armed forces in the new democratic polity no longer function as the backbone of a powerful centralist regime and have lost many of their previous privileges, the military has been able to protect its core institutional interests by successfully fending off demands to reform the territorial command structure. As the military?s primary source of political influence and off-budget revenue, the persistence of the territorial system has ensured that the Indonesian armed forces have not been fully subordinated to democratic civilian control. This ambiguous transition outcome so far poses difficult challenges to domestic and foreign policymakers, who have to find ways of effectively engaging with the military to drive the reform process forward.This is the twenty-third publication in Policy Studies, a peer-reviewed East-West Center Washington series that presents scholarly analysis of key contemporary domestic and international political, economic, and strategic issues affecting Asia in a policy relevant manner.

Author : A. Croissant,D. Kuehn,P. Lorenz,P. Chambers
Publisher : Springer
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2015-12-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781137319272

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Democratization and Civilian Control in Asia by A. Croissant,D. Kuehn,P. Lorenz,P. Chambers Pdf

How can civilians in newly democratized countries ensure their control over the military? While establishing civilian control of the military is a necessary condition for a functioning democracy, it requires prudent strategic action on the part of the decision-makers to remove the military from positions of power and make it follow their orders.

Author : Ali M. Ansari,Cyrus Hodes,Eugene B. Rumer,Evelyn Goh,Jeremy Stocker,Karabekir Akkoyunlu,Martin N. Murphy
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Afghanistan
ISBN : 0415418690

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Military Reform and Democratisation by Ali M. Ansari,Cyrus Hodes,Eugene B. Rumer,Evelyn Goh,Jeremy Stocker,Karabekir Akkoyunlu,Martin N. Murphy Pdf

The damage that has been done to the transatlantic alliance will not be repaired through grand architectural redesigns or radical new agendas. Instead, the transatlantic partners need to restore their consensus and cooperation on key security challenges with a limited agenda that reflects the essential conservatism of the transatlantic partnership during the Cold War and the 1990s. There will inevitably be big challenges, such as the rise of China, where transatlantic disparities in strategic means and commitments preclude any common alliance undertaking. Yet such limits are nothing new. The absence of a common transatlantic commitment to counter-insurgency in Iraq may cause resentments, but so too did the lack of a common commitment to counter-insurgency in Vietnam. This paper suggests ten propositions for future transatlantic consensus -- that is to say, ten security challenges for which the allies should be able to agree on common approaches. These run the gamut from an effective strategy to prevent Iran from developing a nuclear-weapons capability to transatlantic leadership for international cooperation against global warming. If pursued with seriousness and a reasonable degree of transatlantic unity, these propositions could constitute the foundations of an effective partnership. They are, in the authors' view, the basis for a consensus on the most pressing security challenges of the twenty-first century. The time is right for this kind of serious re-dedication to alliance purposes. There has already been some effort to repair the damage; moreover, new leaders are in place in or coming to the countries that were major protagonists of the transatlantic crisis: Germany, France, Britain and, in 2009, the United States. It is possible that these four new leaders will be better able to put the disputes of the recent past behind them. This extended essay is a guide to the possibilities, and also the limits, of a new start.

Author : Marcus Mietzner
Publisher : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : History
ISBN : 9789812307880

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Military Politics, Islam, and the State in Indonesia by Marcus Mietzner Pdf

Based on a decade of research in Indonesia, this book provides an in-depth account of the military's struggle to adapt to the new democratic system after the downfall of Suharto's authoritarian regime in 1998. Unlike other studies of the Indonesian armed forces, which focus exclusively on internal military developments, Mietzner's study emphasizes the importance of conflicts among civilians in determining the extent of military involvement in political affairs. Analysing disputes between Indonesia's main Muslim groups, Mietzner argues that their intense rivalry between 1998 and 2004 allowed the military to extend its engagement in politics and protect its institutional interests. The stabilization of the civilian polity after 2004, in contrast, has led to an increasing marginalization of the armed forces from the power centre. Drawing broader conclusions from these events for Indonesia's ongoing process of democratic consolidation, the book shows that the future role of the armed forces in politics will largely depend on the ability of civilian leaders to maintain functioning democratic institutions and procedures.

Author : Jun Honna
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2013-01-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781135139254

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Military Politics and Democratization in Indonesia by Jun Honna Pdf

The military have had a key role to play in Indonesia's recent history and may well have a decisive role to play in her future. This book looks at the role of the military in the downfall of Suharto and their ongoing influence on the succeeding governments of B.J. Habibie and Abdurrahman Wahid. The author also examines such key features as human rights, reconciliation, civic-military discourse and ongoing security dilemmas. The book is unique in providing the best overview of the role of the military in the world's fourth most populous nation.

Author : Zoltan Barany
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2023-06-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9780691247731

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Democratic Breakdown and the Decline of the Russian Military by Zoltan Barany Pdf

A rare, behind-the-scenes look at Russian military politics Why have Russian generals acquired an important political position since the Soviet Union's collapse while at the same time the effectiveness of their forces has deteriorated? Why have there been no radical defense reforms in Russia since the end of the cold war, even though they were high on the agenda of the country's new president in 2000? Democratic Breakdown and the Decline of the Russian Military explains these puzzles as it paints a comprehensive portrait of Russian military politics. Zoltan Barany identifies three formative moments that gave rise to the Russian dilemma. The first was Gorbachev's decision to invite military participation in Soviet politics. The second was when Yeltsin acquiesced to a new political system that gave generals a legitimate political presence. The third was when Putin not only failed to press for needed military reforms but elevated numerous high-ranking officers to prominent positions in the federal administration. Included here are Barany's insightful analysis of crisis management following the sinking of the Kursk submarine, a systematic comparison of the Soviet/Russian armed forces in 1985 and the present, and compelling accounts of the army's political role, the elusive defense reform, and the relationship between politicians and generals. Barany offers a rare look at the world of contemporary military politics in an increasingly authoritarian state. Destined to become a classic in post-Soviet studies, this book reminds us of the importance of the separation of powers as a means to safeguard democracy.

Author : Alan Bryden
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Civil-military relations
ISBN : IND:30000092824303

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Security Sector Reform by Alan Bryden Pdf

Author : Keiichi Tsunekawa,Yasuyuki Todo
Publisher : Springer
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2018-11-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789811328596

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Emerging States at Crossroads by Keiichi Tsunekawa,Yasuyuki Todo Pdf

This book is open access under a CC BY-NC-ND license. This volume analyzes the economic, social, and political challenges that emerging states confront today. Notwithstanding the growing importance of the ‘emerging states’ in global affairs and governance, many problems requiring immediate solutions have emerged at home largely as a consequence of the rapid economic development and associated sociopolitical changes. The middle-income trap is a major economic challenge faced by emerging states. This volume regards interest coordination for technological upgrading as crucial to avoid the trap and examines how various emerging states are grappling with this challenge by fostering public-private cooperation, voluntary associations of market players, and/or social networks. Social disparity is another serious problem. It is deeply rooted in history in the emerging states such as South Africa and many Latin American countries. However, income distribution is recently deteriorating even in East Asia that was once praised for its high economic growth with equity. Increasing pressure for political opening is another challenge for emerging states. This volume argues that the economic, social, and political problems are interwoven in the sense that the emerging states need to build political consensus in order to tackle the economic and social difficulties. Democratic institutions have not always been successful in this respect.