Minds Models And Milieux

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Minds, Models and Milieux

Roger Frantz,Leslie Marsh
Minds Models and Milieux Book PDF

Author : Roger Frantz,Leslie Marsh
Publisher : Springer
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2016-04-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781137442505

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Minds, Models and Milieux by Roger Frantz,Leslie Marsh Pdf

This book is a collection of specially-commissioned chapters from philosophers, economists, political and behavioral economists, cognitive and organizational psychologists, computer scientists, sociologists and permutations thereof as befits the polymathic subject of this book: Herbert Simon. The tripartite of the title, Minds, Models and Milieux, connotes the three inextricably linked areas to which Herbert Simon made the most distinguished of contributions. 'Minds' connotes Simon's abiding interest in theorizing human behavior, rationality, and decision-making; 'Models' connotes his extensive computer simulation work in the service of his interest in understanding minds, but also in the service of minds that are situated in a complex social 'Milieux'. This collection while intended to commemorate the centenary of Simon's birth simultaneously offers a timely reassessment of some of his central insights and illustrates the exponentially growing interest in Simon's work from beyond the usual disciplines and constituencies.

The Oxford Handbook of Psychological Situations

John F. Rauthmann,Ryne Sherman,David C. Funder
The Oxford Handbook of Psychological Situations Book PDF

Author : John F. Rauthmann,Ryne Sherman,David C. Funder
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 632 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2020-07-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780190263355

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The Oxford Handbook of Psychological Situations by John F. Rauthmann,Ryne Sherman,David C. Funder Pdf

Situations matter. They let people express their personalities and values; provoke motivations, emotions, and behaviors; and are the contexts in which people reason and act. The psychological assessment of situations is a new and rapidly developing area of research, particularly within the fields of personality and social psychology. This volume compiles state-of-the-art knowledge on psychological situations in chapters written by experts in their respective research areas. Bringing together historical reviews, theoretical pieces, methodological descriptions, and empirical applications, this volume is the definitive, go-to source for a psychology of situations.

Education and Expertise

Mark Addis,Christopher Winch
Education and Expertise Book PDF

Author : Mark Addis,Christopher Winch
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2018-09-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781119527251

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Education and Expertise by Mark Addis,Christopher Winch Pdf

The relevance of expertise to professional education and practice is explored in this collection of original contributions from educationalists, philosophers and psychologists. Discusses the increasingly prominent debates about the nature of know-how in mainstream analytical epistemology Illuminates what is involved in professional expertise and the implications of a sound understanding of professional expertise for professional education practice, curriculum design and assessment All contributions are philosophically grounded and reflect interdisciplinary advances in understanding expertise

Cognitive History

David Dunér,Christer Ahlberger
Cognitive History Book PDF

Author : David Dunér,Christer Ahlberger
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2019-03-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9783110582383

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Cognitive History by David Dunér,Christer Ahlberger Pdf

This book is the first introduction to the new field called cognitive history. The last decades have seen a noticeable increase in cognitive science studies that have changed the understanding of human thinking. Its relevance for historical research cannot be overlooked any more. Cognitive history could be explained as the study of how humans in history used their cognitive abilities in order to understand the world around them and to orient themselves in it, but also how the world outside their bodies affected their way of thinking. In focus for this book is the relationship between history and cognition, the human mind’s interaction with the environment in time and space. It especially discusses certain cognitive abilities in interaction with the environment, which can be studied in historical sources, namely: evolution, language, rationality, spatiality, and materiality. Cognitive history can give us a deeper understanding of how – and not only what – people thought, and about the interaction between the human mind and the surrounding world.

The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind

Julian Jaynes
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind Book PDF

Author : Julian Jaynes
Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Page : 580 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2000-08-15
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780547527543

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The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind by Julian Jaynes Pdf

National Book Award Finalist: “This man’s ideas may be the most influential, not to say controversial, of the second half of the twentieth century.”—Columbus Dispatch At the heart of this classic, seminal book is Julian Jaynes's still-controversial thesis that human consciousness did not begin far back in animal evolution but instead is a learned process that came about only three thousand years ago and is still developing. The implications of this revolutionary scientific paradigm extend into virtually every aspect of our psychology, our history and culture, our religion—and indeed our future. “Don’t be put off by the academic title of Julian Jaynes’s The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Its prose is always lucid and often lyrical…he unfolds his case with the utmost intellectual rigor.”—The New York Times “When Julian Jaynes . . . speculates that until late in the twentieth millennium BC men had no consciousness but were automatically obeying the voices of the gods, we are astounded but compelled to follow this remarkable thesis.”—John Updike, The New Yorker “He is as startling as Freud was in The Interpretation of Dreams, and Jaynes is equally as adept at forcing a new view of known human behavior.”—American Journal of Psychiatry

Sensorimotor Life

Ezequiel Di Paolo,Thomas Buhrmann,Xabier Barandiaran
Sensorimotor Life Book PDF

Author : Ezequiel Di Paolo,Thomas Buhrmann,Xabier Barandiaran
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2017-06-08
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780191090479

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Sensorimotor Life by Ezequiel Di Paolo,Thomas Buhrmann,Xabier Barandiaran Pdf

How accurate is the picture of the human mind that has emerged from studies in neuroscience, psychology, and cognitive science? Anybody with an interest in how minds work - how we learn about the world and how we remember people and events - may feel dissatisfied with the answers contemporary science has to offer. Sensorimotor Life draws on current theoretical developments in the enactive approach to life and mind. It examines and expands the premises of the sciences of the human mind, while developing an alternative picture closer to people's daily experiences. Enactive ideas are applied and extended, providing a theoretically rich, naturalistic account of meaning and agency. The book includes a dynamical systems description of different types of sensorimotor regularities or sensorimotor contingencies; a dynamical interpretation of Piaget's theory of equilibration to ground the concept of sensorimotor mastery; and a theory of agency as organized networks of sensorimotor schemes, as well as its implicatons for embodied subjectivity. Written for students and researchers of cognitive science, the authors offer a fuller view of the mind, a view better attuned to the experiences of people who live, work, love, struggle, and age, thrown into a world of meaningful relations they help create. Additionally, the book is of interest to neuroscientists, psychiatrists, and philosophers of science.

Routledge Handbook of Bounded Rationality

Riccardo Viale
Routledge Handbook of Bounded Rationality Book PDF

Author : Riccardo Viale
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 844 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2020-12-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317330790

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Routledge Handbook of Bounded Rationality by Riccardo Viale Pdf

Herbert Simon’s renowned theory of bounded rationality is principally interested in cognitive constraints and environmental factors and influences which prevent people from thinking or behaving according to formal rationality. Simon’s theory has been expanded in numerous directions and taken up by various disciplines with an interest in how humans think and behave. This includes philosophy, psychology, neurocognitive sciences, economics, political science, sociology, management, and organization studies. The Routledge Handbook of Bounded Rationality draws together an international team of leading experts to survey the recent literature and the latest developments in these related fields. The chapters feature entries on key behavioural phenomena, including reasoning, judgement, decision making, uncertainty, risk, heuristics and biases, and fast and frugal heuristics. The text also examines current ideas such as fast and slow thinking, nudge, ecological rationality, evolutionary psychology, embodied cognition, and neurophilosophy. Overall, the volume serves to provide the most complete state-of-the-art collection on bounded rationality available. This book is essential reading for students and scholars of economics, psychology, neurocognitive sciences, political sciences, and philosophy.

The Second Age of Computer Science

Subrata Dasgupta
The Second Age of Computer Science Book PDF

Author : Subrata Dasgupta
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2018-05-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780190843885

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The Second Age of Computer Science by Subrata Dasgupta Pdf

By the end of the 1960s, a new discipline named computer science had come into being. A new scientific paradigm--the 'computational paradigm'--was in place, suggesting that computer science had reached a certain level of maturity. Yet as a science it was still precociously young. New forces, some technological, some socio-economic, some cognitive impinged upon it, the outcome of which was that new kinds of computational problems arose over the next two decades. Indeed, by the beginning of the 1990's the structure of the computational paradigm looked markedly different in many important respects from how it was at the end of the 1960s. Author Subrata Dasgupta named the two decades from 1970 to 1990 as the second age of computer science to distinguish it from the preceding genesis of the science and the age of the Internet/World Wide Web that followed. This book describes the evolution of computer science in this second age in the form of seven overlapping, intermingling, parallel histories that unfold concurrently in the course of the two decades. Certain themes characteristic of this second age thread through this narrative: the desire for a genuine science of computing; the realization that computing is as much a human experience as it is a technological one; the search for a unified theory of intelligence spanning machines and mind; the desire to liberate the computational mind from the shackles of sequentiality; and, most ambitiously, a quest to subvert the very core of the computational paradigm itself. We see how the computer scientists of the second age address these desires and challenges, in what manner they succeed or fail and how, along the way, the shape of computational paradigm was altered. And to complete this history, the author asks and seeks to answer the question of how computer science shows evidence of progress over the course of its second age.

The Mystery of Rationality

Gérald Bronner,Francesco Di Iorio
The Mystery of Rationality Book PDF

Author : Gérald Bronner,Francesco Di Iorio
Publisher : Springer
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2018-07-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319940281

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The Mystery of Rationality by Gérald Bronner,Francesco Di Iorio Pdf

This book contributes to the developing dialogue between cognitive science and social sciences. It focuses on a central issue in both fields, i.e. the nature and the limitations of the rationality of beliefs and action. The development of cognitive science is one of the most important and fascinating intellectual advances of recent decades, and social scientists are paying increasing attention to the findings of this new branch of science that forces us to consider many classical issues related to epistemology and philosophy of action in a new light. Analysis of the concept of rationality is a leitmotiv in the history of the social sciences and has involved endless disputes. Since it is difficult to give a precise definition of this concept, and there is a lack of agreement about its meaning, it is possible to say that there is a ‘mystery of rationality’. What is it to be rational? Is rationality merely instrumental or does it also involve the endorsement of values, i.e. the choice of goals? Should we consider rationality to be a normative principle or a descriptive one? Can rationality be only Cartesian or can it also be argumentative? Is rationality a conscious skill or a partly tacit one? This book, which has been written by an outstanding collection of authors, including both philosophers and social scientists, tries to make a useful contribution to the debates on these problems and shed some light on the mystery of rationality. The target audience primarily comprises researchers and experts in the field.

The Oxford Handbook of Assertion

Sanford C. Goldberg
The Oxford Handbook of Assertion Book PDF

Author : Sanford C. Goldberg
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 800 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2020-03-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190675257

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The Oxford Handbook of Assertion by Sanford C. Goldberg Pdf

Assertions belong to the family of speech acts that make claims regarding how things are. They include statements, avowals, reports, expressed judgments, and testimonies - acts which are relevant across a host of issues not only in philosophy of language and linguistics but also in subdisciplines such as epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of mind, ethics, and social and political philosophy. Over the past two decades, the amount of scholarship investigating the speech act of assertion has increased dramatically, and the scope of such research has also grown. The Oxford Handbook of Assertion explores various dimensions of the act of assertion: its nature; its place in a theory of speech acts, and in semantics and meta-semantics; its role in epistemology; and the various social, political, and ethical dimensions of the act. Essays from leading theorists situate assertion in relation to other types of speech acts, exploring the connection between assertions and other phenomena of interest not only to philosophers but also to linguists, psychologists, anthropologists, lawyers, computer scientists, and theorists from communication studies.

Beyond Nudge

Benjamin Ewert,Kathrin Loer,Eva Thomann
Beyond Nudge Book PDF

Author : Benjamin Ewert,Kathrin Loer,Eva Thomann
Publisher : Policy Press
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2023-12-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781447369165

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Beyond Nudge by Benjamin Ewert,Kathrin Loer,Eva Thomann Pdf

In recent years, a wave of reforms known as ‘nudges’ or ‘behavioural interventions’ have emerged in public policy and administration. ‘Nudge’ policies are created to lightly influence groups in society to change their behaviour, using behavioural insights to solve complex policy problems. Generally, behavioural approaches focus on the psychology underlying the implementation and effects of policies in practice. First published as a special issue of Policy & Politics journal, this book situates these reforms within a broader tradition of methodological individualism. With contributions from international scholars, it demonstrates that when behavioural policies expand their focus beyond the individual, they have the potential to better understand, investigate, and shape social outcomes.

Handbook of Behavioural Economics and Smart Decision-Making

Morris Altman
Handbook of Behavioural Economics and Smart Decision Making Book PDF

Author : Morris Altman
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 616 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2017-05-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781782549598

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Handbook of Behavioural Economics and Smart Decision-Making by Morris Altman Pdf

This Handbook is a unique and original contribution of over thirty chapters on behavioural economics, examining and addressing an important stream of research where the starting assumption is that decision-makers are for the most part relatively smart or rational. This particular approach is in contrast to a theme running through much contemporary work where individuals’ behaviour is deemed irrational, biased, and error-prone, often due to how people are hardwired. In the smart people approach, where errors or biases occur and when social dilemmas arise, more often than not, improving the decision-making environment can repair these problems without hijacking or manipulating the preferences of decision-makers. This book covers a wide-range of themes from micro to macro, including various sub-disciplines within economics such as economic psychology, heuristics, fast and slow-thinking, neuroeconomics, experiments, the capabilities approach, institutional economics, methodology, nudging, ethics, and public policy.

Artificial Intelligence, Learning and Computation in Economics and Finance

Ragupathy Venkatachalam
Artificial Intelligence Learning and Computation in Economics and Finance Book PDF

Author : Ragupathy Venkatachalam
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2023-02-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783031152948

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Artificial Intelligence, Learning and Computation in Economics and Finance by Ragupathy Venkatachalam Pdf

This book presents frontier research on the use of computational methods to model complex interactions in economics and finance. Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and simulations offer effective means of analyzing and learning from large as well as new types of data. These computational tools have permeated various subfields of economics, finance, and also across different schools of economic thought. Through 16 chapters written by pioneers in economics, finance, computer science, psychology, complexity and statistics/econometrics, the book introduces their original research and presents the findings they have yielded. Theoretical and empirical studies featured in this book draw on a variety of approaches such as agent-based modeling, numerical simulations, computable economics, as well as employing tools from artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms. The use of computational approaches to perform counterfactual thought experiments are also introduced, which help transcend the limits posed by traditional mathematical and statistical tools. The book also includes discussions on methodology, epistemology, history and issues concerning prediction, validation, and inference, all of which have become pertinent with the increasing use of computational approaches in economic analysis.

Economically Enabled Energy Management

Takeshi Hatanaka,Yasuaki Wasa,Kenko Uchida
Economically Enabled Energy Management Book PDF

Author : Takeshi Hatanaka,Yasuaki Wasa,Kenko Uchida
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2020-04-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789811535765

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Economically Enabled Energy Management by Takeshi Hatanaka,Yasuaki Wasa,Kenko Uchida Pdf

This book gathers contributions from a multidisciplinary research team comprised of control engineering and economics researchers and formed to address a central interdisciplinary social issue, namely economically enabled energy management. The book’s primary focus is on achieving optimal energy management that is viable from both an engineering and economic standpoint. In addition to the theoretical results and techniques presented, several chapters highlight experimental case studies, which will benefit academic researchers and practitioners alike. The first three chapters present comprehensive overviews of respective social contexts, underscore the pressing need for economically efficient energy management systems and academic work on this emerging research topic, and identify fundamental differences between approaches in control engineering and economics. In turn, the next three chapters (Chapters 4–6) provide economics-oriented approaches to the subject. The following five chapters (Chapters 7–11) address optimal energy market design, integrating both physical and economic models. The book’s last three chapters (Chapters 12–14) mainly focus on the engineering aspects of next-generation energy management, though economic factors are also shown to play important roles.

Thinking and Deciding

Jonathan Baron
Thinking and Deciding Book PDF

Author : Jonathan Baron
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 549 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2023-07-31
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781009263627

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Thinking and Deciding by Jonathan Baron Pdf

The fifth edition of the classic text Thinking and Deciding updates the broad overview of the field of judgments and decisions offered in previous editions. It covers the normative standards used to evaluate conclusions, such as logic, probability, and various forms of utility theory. It explains descriptive accounts of departures from these standards, largely in terms of principles of cognitive psychology, emphasizing the distinction between search processes and inferences. Chapters cover decisions under risk, decision analysis, moral decisions and social dilemmas, and decisions about the future. Although the book assumes no particular prerequisites beyond introductory high-school algebra, it is most suited to advanced undergraduates, early graduate students, and active researchers in related fields, such as business, politics, law, medicine, economics, and philosophy.