Miraflores Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle version is available to download in english. Read online anytime anywhere directly from your device. Click on the download button below to get a free pdf file of Miraflores book. This book definitely worth reading, it is an incredibly well-written.
Aureliano Urrutia, a prominent physician in Mexico City, built Miraflores garden after immigrating to Texas during the Mexican Revolution. A man of science, he valued nature, art, literature, history, and community. The garden, whose name roughly translates to “behold the flowers,” was built primarily from 1921 to 1945. Its plants, architecture, sculpture, and artisanship formed a cultural landscape reflecting Urrutia’s love for and memory of his homeland. Though recent decades have rendered much of the garden decayed and barely recognizable, it is now part of San Antonio’s historic Brackenridge Park. Miraflores: San Antonio’s Mexican Garden of Memory recounts the garden’s history and celebrates the importance of the cultural, historical, and artistic meaning of a place.
History of the Inquisition of Spain by Henry Charles Lea Pdf
"A History of the Inquisition of Spain" in 4 volumes is one of the best-known works by the American historian Henry Charles Lea. The Spanish Inquisition (officially known as the "Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition") was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. It was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and to replace the Medieval Inquisition, which was under Papal control. It became the most substantive of the three different manifestations of the wider Catholic Inquisition along with the Roman Inquisition and Portuguese Inquisition. The Inquisition was originally intended primarily to identify heretics among those who converted from Judaism and Islam to Catholicism. The regulation of the faith of newly converted Catholics was intensified after the royal decrees issued in 1492 and 1502 ordering Muslims and Jews to convert to Catholicism or leave Castile. The Inquisition was not definitively abolished until 1834, during the reign of Isabella II, after a period of declining influence in the preceding century. The Spanish Inquisition is often cited in popular literature and history as an example of religious intolerance and repression.
Latin American Political Yearbook by Jr. Denton Pdf
In the third volume of this annual series, Robert G. Breene provides a comprehensive overview, analysis, and summary of the major political and economic trends and events in Central American, MERCOSUR, Andean and Caribbean nations, including Mexico. The yearbook provides a timely look at relevant background information necessary to an understanding of the status of political forces in Latin America today. Chapter 1 looks at the elections and status of political forces in Latin America and describes the political situations in the four groups of nations. It provides an up-to-date, realistic definition of today's political "Left." Chapter 2 relates the politico-economic backgrounds of such representative Latin American nations as Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, and Panama, while chapter 3 explores in detail three hemispheric heads of state receiving much international attention: Pinochet, Ortega, and Clinton. Chapter 4 discusses the Hemispheric Left (HL), described as a loose association of amorphous Marxist and militant left organizations, and, as in previous editions of this yearbook, includes an overview of all hemispheric terrorism. The year 1998 witnessed an increased, overshadowing level of terrorism in Colombia necessitating separate coverage of Colombian terrorism, which is treated in chapter 5. The final two chapters are concerned with the Hemispheric Left Support, dealing with the association of Latin American Marxist and Marxist-Leninist organizations, and providing a look at Latin American international organizations, including regional summits and hemisphere-wide associations such as the Grupo de Rio and the Organization of American States. This third volume is brimming with facts and provides information not readily available through American media. Compact yet comprehensive, it is essential reading for political scientists, Latin American area specialists, and historians. Robert G. Breene, Jr. has been a fighter pilot, a newspaper correspondent in Central America, a professor of physics, and the owner and operator of a 600-head cattle ranch in Nevada. His is currently head of the Latin American Syndicate in San Antonio, Texas.
A History of the Inquisition of Spain (Complete) by Henry Charles Lea Pdf
IT were difficult to exaggerate the disorder pervading the Castilian kingdoms, when the Spanish monarchy found its origin in the union of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon. Many causes had contributed to prolong and intensify the evils of the feudal system and to neutralize such advantages as it possessed. The struggles of the reconquest from the Saracen, continued at intervals through seven hundred years and varied by constant civil broils, had bred a race of fierce and turbulent nobles as eager to attack a neighbor or their sovereign as the Moor. The contemptuous manner in which the Cid is represented, in the earliest ballads, as treating his king, shows what was, in the twelfth century, the feeling of the chivalry of Castile toward its overlord, and a chronicler of the period seems rather to glory in the fact that it was always in rebellion against the royal power. So fragile was the feudal bond that aricohome or noble could at any moment renounce allegiance by a simple message sent to the king through a hidalgo. The necessity of attracting population and organizing conquered frontiers, which subsequently became inland, led to granting improvidently liberal franchises to settlers, which weakened the powers of the crown, without building up, as in France, a powerful Third Estate to serve as a counterpoise to the nobles and eventually to undermine feudalism. In Spain the business of the Castilian was war. The arts of peace were left with disdain to the Jews and the conquered Moslems, known as Mudéjares, who were allowed to remain on Christian soil and to form a distinct element in the population. No flourishing centres of industrious and independent burghers arose out of whom the kings could mould a body that should lend them efficient support in their struggles with their powerful vassals. The attempt, indeed, was made; the Córtes, whose co-operation was required in the enactment of laws, consisted of representatives from seventeen cities, who while serving enjoyed personal inviolability, but so little did the cities prize this privilege that, under Henry IV, they complained of the expense of sending deputies. The crown, eager to find some new sources of influence, agreed to pay them and thus obtained an excuse for controlling their election, and although this came too late for Henry to benefit by it, it paved the way for the assumption of absolute domination by Ferdinand and Isabella, after which the revolt of the Comunidades proved fruitless. Meanwhile their influence diminished, their meetings were scantily attended and they became little more than an instrument which, in the interminable strife that cursed the land, was used alternately by any faction as opportunity offered.
Lima (Rough Guides Snapshot Peru) by Rough Guides Pdf
The Rough Guide Snapshot to Lima is the ultimate travel guide to the capital of Peru. It leads you through the city with reliable information and comprehensive coverage of all the sights and attractions, from the museums and churches in Limo Centro to the entertainment district of Miraflores and the artists' quarter of Barranco. Detailed maps and up-to-date listings pinpoint the best cafés, restaurants, hotels, shops, bars and nightlife, ensuring you make the most of your trip, whether passing through, staying for the weekend or longer. The Rough Guide Snapshot to Lima also covers the top places to visit outside the city centre, including the beaches around Lima and the towns in the foothills of the Andes to the east and north. Also included is the Basics section from the Rough Guide to Peru, with all the practical information you need for travelling in and around Lima, including transport, food, drink, costs, health, outdoor activities and public holidays. Also published as part of the Rough Guide to Peru. The Rough Guide Snapshot to Lima is equivalent to 80 printed pages.
The Rough Guide to Peru: Travel Guide eBook by Rough Guides Pdf
This Peru guidebook is perfect for independent travellers planning a longer trip. It features all of the must-see sights and a wide range of off-the-beaten-track places. It also provides detailed practical information on preparing for a trip and what to do on the ground. And this Peru travel guidebook is printed on paper from responsible sources, and verified to meet the FSC’s strict environmental and social standards. This Peru guidebook covers: Lima; Trujillo; Cusco; the Sacred Valley; the Peruvian Amazon; Tarma and the Central Sierra; Arequipa and Lake Titicaca; Nazca; Huarez and the cordilleras; the south and Ancash coasts. Inside this Peru travel book, you’ll find: A wide range of sights – Rough Guides experts have hand-picked places for travellers with different needs and desires: off-the-beaten-track adventures, family activities or chilled-out breaks Itinerary examples – created for different time frames or types of trip Practical information – how to get to Peru, all about public transport, food and drink, shopping, travelling with children, sports and outdoor activities, tips for travellers with disabilities and more Author picks and things not to miss in Peru – Hiking to Machu Picchu, Lares Valley, Marcahuasi, Lagunas de Llanganuco, Kuélap, Cañón del Colca, Cusco, Cordillera Blanca, Arequipa, Surfing in Máncora Insider recommendations – tips on how to beat the crowds, save time and money, and find the best local spots When to go to Peru – high season, low season, climate information and festivals Where to go – a clear introduction to Peru with key places and a handy overview Extensive coverage of regions, places and experiences – regional highlights, sights and places for different types of travellers, with experiences matching different needs Places to eat, drink and stay – hand-picked restaurants, cafes, bars and hotels Practical info at each site – hours of operation, websites, transit tips, charges Colour-coded mapping – with keys and legends listing sites categorised as highlights, eating, accommodation, shopping, drinking and nightlife Background information for connoisseurs – history, culture, art, architecture, film, books, religion, diversity Essential Spanish, Quechua dictionary and glossary of local terms Fully updated post-COVID-19 The guide provides a comprehensive and rich selection of places to see and things to do in Peru, as well as great planning tools. It’s the perfect companion, both ahead of your trip and on the ground.