Mitigating Old Tree Mortality In Long Unburned Fire Dependent Forests

Author : Sharon M. Hood
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781437939033

Get Book

Mitigating Old Tree Mortality in Long-Unburned, Fire-Dependent Forests by Sharon M. Hood Pdf

This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. This report synthesizes the literature and current state of knowledge pertaining to re-introducing fire in stands where it has been excluded for long periods and the impact of these introductory fires on overstory tree injury and mortality. Only forested ecosystems in the United States that are adapted to survive frequent fire are included. Treatment options that minimize large-diameter and old tree injury and mortality in areas with deep duff and methods to manage and reduce duff accumulations are discussed. Pertinent background information on tree physiology, properties of duff, and historical versus current disturbance regimes are also discussed. Charts and tables.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 71 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:896212381

Get Book

Mitigating Old Tree Mortality in Long-unburned, Fire-dependent Forests by Anonim Pdf

Author : Sharon Hood
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2015-02-13
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1506139906

Get Book

Mitigating Old Tree Mortality in Long-Unburned, Fire-Dependent Forests by Sharon Hood Pdf

Historically, many forested ecosystems in the United States burned frequently, both from lightning ignited fires and from Native American burning. Frequent fire maintained low fuel loadings and shaped forests composed of tree species adapted to survive low-intensity frequent fire. Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests burned as frequently as every 2 to 8 years (Christensen 1981; Frost 1993), and historical records and dendrochronological studies provide evidence that ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.), giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) J. Buchholz), red pine (Pinus resinosa Aiton), and many other forests also burned regularly. In the early 1900s, the United States government initiated a program to suppress all fires, both natural and anthropogenic. Many unintended consequences have resulted from over a century of fire suppression, such as increased tree densities and fuel, increased stress on older trees from competition, and greater risk of bark beetle attacks. These consequences are especially apparent in forests that historically burned frequently and have thus missed many fire cycles.

Author : Sharon M. Hood,U.s. Department of Agriculture,Forest Service
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2012-10
Category : Nature
ISBN : 1480173967

Get Book

Mitigating Old Tree Mortality in Long-Unburned, Fire-Dependent Forests by Sharon M. Hood,U.s. Department of Agriculture,Forest Service Pdf

Historically, many forested ecosystems in the United States burned frequently, both from lightning ignited fires and from Native American burning. Frequent fire maintained low fuel loadings and shaped forests composed of tree species adapted to survive low-intensity frequent fire. In the early 1900s, the United States government initiated a program to suppress all fires, both natural and anthropogenic. Many unintended consequences have resulted from over a century of fire suppression, such as increased tree densities and fuel, increased stress on older trees from competition, and greater risk of bark beetle attacks. These consequences are especially apparent in forests that historically burned frequently and have thus missed many fire cycles. Maintaining old trees and perpetuating large-diameter trees is an increasing concern. Stands of old trees that were historically common across vast landscapes in the United States are now relatively rare on the landscape because of harvesting (Noss and others 1995). Though logging is no longer the principal threat to most old-growth forests, they now face other risks (Vosick and others 2007). Prescribed fire has become a major tool for restoring fire-dependent ecosystem health and sustainability throughout the United States and use will likely increase in the future. However, increased mortality of large-diameter and old trees following fire has been reported in many areas around the country, and there is increased concern about maintaining these on the landscape (Kolb and others 2007; Varner and others 2005). As early as 1960, Ferguson and others (1960) reported high longleaf pine mortality after a low-intensity prescribed burn consumed the majority of heavy duff accumulations around the base of the trees. Mortality of pre-settlement ponderosa pines in prescribed burn areas in Grand Canyon National Park was higher than in control plots (Kaufmann and Covington 2001). After beginning a forest restoration program that reintroduced fire by prescribed burning at Crater Lake National Park, excessive post-fire mortality of larger ponderosa pine was observed in the burn areas, and early season burns had an even higher mortality than late season burns (Swezy and Agee 1991). Both Swezy and Agee (1991) and McHugh and Kolb (2003) reported a U-shaped mortality distribution for ponderosa pine following wildfires, with smaller- and larger-diameter trees having higher mortality than mid-diameter trees. Forest managers around the country have expressed concerns about large-diameter and old tree mortality when prescribed burning in long-unburned forests. The synthesis herein suggests recommendations for maintaining and perpetuating old trees in fire-dependent ecosystems. It expands on efforts funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) to define the issues surrounding burning in fire excluded forests of the United States that are adapted to survive frequent fire. When the JFSP initially funded this synthesis, two JFSP projects were examining the effect of raking on reducing old ponderosa and Jeffrey pine (subsequently published in Fowler and others 2010; Hood and others 2007a). Another JFSP project examined the effect of prescribed burning under different duff moisture conditions on long-unburned old longleaf pine mortality (Varner and others 2007). Two other syntheses were also recently published on this subject: Perpetuating old ponderosa pine (Kolb and others 2007) and The conservation and restoration of old growth in frequent-fire forests of the American West (Egan 2007). The scope of the synthesis herein focuses only on limiting over story tree mortality in species adapted to survive frequent fire; therefore, the implications of fire suppression and fuel treatments on other ecosystem components are not discussed.

Author : Jerry F. Franklin,K. Norman Johnson,Debora L. Johnson
Publisher : Waveland Press
Page : 646 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2018-03-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781478637202

Get Book

Ecological Forest Management by Jerry F. Franklin,K. Norman Johnson,Debora L. Johnson Pdf

Fundamental changes have occurred in all aspects of forestry over the last 50 years, including the underlying science, societal expectations of forests and their management, and the evolution of a globalized economy. This textbook is an effort to comprehensively integrate this new knowledge of forest ecosystems and human concerns and needs into a management philosophy that is applicable to the vast majority of global forest lands. Ecological forest management (EFM) is focused on policies and practices that maintain the integrity of forest ecosystems while achieving environmental, economic, and cultural goals of human societies. EFM uses natural ecological models as its basis contrasting it with modern production forestry, which is based on agronomic models and constrained by required return-on-investment. Sections of the book consider: 1) Basic concepts related to forest ecosystems and silviculture based on natural models; 2) Social and political foundations of forestry, including law, economics, and social acceptability; 3) Important current topics including wildfire, biological diversity, and climate change; and 4) Forest planning in an uncertain world from small privately-owned lands to large public ownerships. The book concludes with an overview of how EFM can contribute to resolving major 21st century issues in forestry, including sustaining forest dependent societies.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 12 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Old growth forest conservation
ISBN : MINN:31951D03101633G

Get Book

Protecting Old Trees from Prescribed Burning by Anonim Pdf

Author : John A. Stanturf
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 561 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2015-08-14
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781482211979

Get Book

Restoration of Boreal and Temperate Forests by John A. Stanturf Pdf

Humans have influenced the landscapes and forests throughout the temperate and boreal zones for millennia. Restoration of Boreal and Temperate Forests, Second Edition focuses on the negative impact of human activity, and explains the importance of forest restoration as a way to repair habitat, restore forest structure and function, and counteract the lasting effects of humanity. The book offers broad geographic coverage, as well as a combination of review and case study chapters providing social and policy contexts for restoration of specific forest types. This revised edition begins with a historical context for restoration, provides a conceptual framework for understanding the relationship between degradation and restoration, and defines terms within that framework. While building on the first edition, it presents the response of restorationists to the current challenges of interpreting scattered science on forest history, stand development, and natural processes. It combines applicable experience designed to improve present and future ecological and social sustainability. Describes restoration in the context of rapid social, economic, environmental, and climate change Looks toward the future, presenting several completely new topics in forest restoration Covers different starting points for restoration, from non-forest to degraded forest Restoration of Boreal and Temperate Forests, Second Edition aids in the understanding of the diverse cultural and ecological contexts for restoration of temperate and boreal forests, and the creation of a better foundation of documented knowledge to support future and existing restoration decisions.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 490 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Forests and forestry
ISBN : UCBK:C112261228

Get Book

Canadian Journal of Forest Research by Anonim Pdf

Author : James F. Fowler
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Douglas fir
ISBN : MINN:31951D03001269I

Get Book

Postfire Mortality of Ponderosa Pine and Douglas-fir by James F. Fowler Pdf

This review focused on the primary literature that described, modeled, or predicted the probability of postfire mortality in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). The methods and measurements that were used to predict postfire tree death tended to fall into two general categories: those focusing on measuring important aspects of fire behavior, the indirect but ultimate cause of mortality; and those focusing on tissue damage due to fire, the direct effect of fire on plant organs. Of the methods reviewed in this paper, crown scorch volume was the most effective, easiest to use, and most popular measurement in predicting postfire mortality in both conifer species. In addition to this direct measure of foliage damage, several studies showed the importance and utility of adding a measurement of stem (bole) damage. There is no clear method of choice for this, but direct assessment of cambium condition near the tree base is widely used in Douglas-fir. Only two ponderosa pine studies directly measured fine root biomass changes due to fire, but they did not use these measurements to predict postfire mortality. Indirect measures of fire behavior such as ground char classes may be the most practical choice for measuring root damage. This review did not find clear postfire survivability differences between the two species. The literature also does not show a consistent use of terminology; we propose a standard set of terms and their definitions.

Author : Elizabeth D. Reinhardt,Robert E. Keane,James Kerr Brown
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Fire ecology
ISBN : MINN:31951D03009621Q

Get Book

First Order Fire Effects Model by Elizabeth D. Reinhardt,Robert E. Keane,James Kerr Brown Pdf

A First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) was developed to predict the direct consequences of prescribed fire and wildfire. FOFEM computes duff and woody fuel consumption, smoke production, and fire-caused tree mortality for most forest and rangeland types in the United States. The model is available as a computer program for PC or Data General computer.

Author : Samuel L. Manzello
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2020-07-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 331952089X

Get Book

Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires by Samuel L. Manzello Pdf

This reference work encompasses the current, accepted state of the art in the science of wildfires and wildfires that spread to communities, known as wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires. 171 author contributions include accepted knowledge on these topics from throughout the world, all written by the leading researchers, experts, practitioners, and academics. This encyclopedia is an invaluable reference for newcomers to the field, as well as researchers, students, developers, and professionals who are interested in exploring this dynamic area. General Sections include: Combustion Coordination System Locations Fire Whirls Firebrands and Embers Incident Management Team (IMT) Support Locations Incident Response Support Locations On-the-Incident Locations Soot and Effects on Wildland/WUI Fire Behavior Weathering Effects on Fire Retardant Wood Treatments Wildland Firefighting Locations Wildland Fuel Treatments

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 606 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Electronic
ISBN : NWU:35556032750952

Get Book

Malheur National Forest (N.F.), Easy Fire Recovery and Proposed Nonsignificant Forest Plan Amendments by Anonim Pdf

Author : Dean Apostol,Marcia Sinclair
Publisher : Island Press
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2012-09-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781610911030

Get Book

Restoring the Pacific Northwest by Dean Apostol,Marcia Sinclair Pdf

The Pacific Northwest is a global ecological "hotspot" because of its relatively healthy native ecosystems, a high degree of biodiversity, and the number and scope of restoration initiatives that have been undertaken there. Restoring the Pacific Northwest gathers and presents the best examples of state-of-the-art restoration techniques and projects. It is an encyclopedic overview that will be an invaluable reference not just for restorationists and students working in the Pacific Northwest, but for practitioners across North America and around the world.

Author : Thomas A. Waldrop,Scott L. Goodrick
Publisher : Government Printing Office
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2018-03-29
Category : Gardening
ISBN : 0160943957

Get Book

Introduction to Prescribed Fire in Southern Ecosystems by Thomas A. Waldrop,Scott L. Goodrick Pdf

Prescribed burning is an important tool throughout Southern forests, grasslands, and croplands. The need to control fire became evident to allow forests to regenerate. This manual is intended to help resource managers to plan and execute prescribed burns in Southern forests and grasslands. A new appreciation and interest has developed in recent years for using prescribed fire in grasslands, especially hardwood forests, and on steep mountain slopes. Proper planning and execution of prescribed fires are necessary to reduce detrimental effects, such as the impacts on air and downstream water quality. Check out these related products: Trees at Work: Economic Accounting for Forest Ecosystem Services in the U.S. South can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/trees-work-economic-accounting-forest-ecosystem-services-us-south Soil Survey Manual 2017 is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/soil-survey-manual-march-2017 Quantifying the Role of the National Forest System Lands in Providing Surface Drinking Water Supply for the Southern United States is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/quantifying-role-national-forest-system-lands-providing-surface-drinking-water-supply Fire Management Today print subscription is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/fire-management-today Wildland Fire in Ecosystems: Fire and Nonnative Invasive Plants can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/wildland-fire-ecosystems-fire-and-nonnative-invasive-plants

Author : Elizabeth D. Reinhardt
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Coarse woody debris
ISBN : MINN:31951D029964432

Get Book

The Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation Simulator by Elizabeth D. Reinhardt Pdf

The Fire and Fuels Extension (FFE) to the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) simulates fuel dynamics and potential fire behavior over time, in the context of stand development and management. Existing models of fire behavior and fire effects were added to FVS to form this extension. New submodels representing snag and fuel dynamics were created to complete the linkages. This report contains four chapters. Chapter 1 states the purpose and chronicles some applications of the model. Chapter 2 details the model's content, documents links to the supporting science, and provides annotated examples of the outputs. Chapter 3 is a user's guide that presents options and examples of command usage. Chapter 4 describes how the model was customized for use in different regions. Fuel managers and silviculturists charged with managing fire-prone forests can use the FFEFVS and this document to better understand and display the consequences of alternative management actions.