Modelling Pricing And Hedging Counterparty Credit Exposure
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Modelling, Pricing, and Hedging Counterparty Credit Exposure by Giovanni Cesari,John Aquilina,Niels Charpillon,Zlatko Filipovic,Gordon Lee,Ion Manda Pdf
It was the end of 2005 when our employer, a major European Investment Bank, gave our team the mandate to compute in an accurate way the counterparty credit exposure arising from exotic derivatives traded by the ?rm. As often happens, - posure of products such as, for example, exotic interest-rate, or credit derivatives were modelled under conservative assumptions and credit of?cers were struggling to assess the real risk. We started with a few models written on spreadsheets, t- lored to very speci?c instruments, and soon it became clear that a more systematic approach was needed. So we wrote some tools that could be used for some classes of relatively simple products. A couple of years later we are now in the process of building a system that will be used to trade and hedge counterparty credit ex- sure in an accurate way, for all types of derivative products in all asset classes. We had to overcome problems ranging from modelling in a consistent manner different products booked in different systems and building the appropriate architecture that would allow the computation and pricing of credit exposure for all types of pr- ucts, to ?nding the appropriate management structure across Business, Risk, and IT divisions of the ?rm. In this book we describe some of our experience in modelling counterparty credit exposure, computing credit valuation adjustments, determining appropriate hedges, and building a reliable system.
Counterparty Credit Risk, Collateral and Funding by Damiano Brigo,Massimo Morini,Andrea Pallavicini Pdf
The book's content is focused on rigorous and advanced quantitative methods for the pricing and hedging of counterparty credit and funding risk. The new general theory that is required for this methodology is developed from scratch, leading to a consistent and comprehensive framework for counterparty credit and funding risk, inclusive of collateral, netting rules, possible debit valuation adjustments, re-hypothecation and closeout rules. The book however also looks at quite practical problems, linking particular models to particular 'concrete' financial situations across asset classes, including interest rates, FX, commodities, equity, credit itself, and the emerging asset class of longevity. The authors also aim to help quantitative analysts, traders, and anyone else needing to frame and price counterparty credit and funding risk, to develop a 'feel' for applying sophisticated mathematics and stochastic calculus to solve practical problems. The main models are illustrated from theoretical formulation to final implementation with calibration to market data, always keeping in mind the concrete questions being dealt with. The authors stress that each model is suited to different situations and products, pointing out that there does not exist a single model which is uniformly better than all the others, although the problems originated by counterparty credit and funding risk point in the direction of global valuation. Finally, proposals for restructuring counterparty credit risk, ranging from contingent credit default swaps to margin lending, are considered.
This book is a collection of cutting-edge reflections and ideas on methods and practices used to measure, price and manage OTC derivative counterparty risk.
Innovations in Derivatives Markets by Kathrin Glau,Zorana Grbac,Matthias Scherer,Rudi Zagst Pdf
This book presents 20 peer-reviewed chapters on current aspects of derivatives markets and derivative pricing. The contributions, written by leading researchers in the field as well as experienced authors from the financial industry, present the state of the art in: • Modeling counterparty credit risk: credit valuation adjustment, debit valuation adjustment, funding valuation adjustment, and wrong way risk. • Pricing and hedging in fixed-income markets and multi-curve interest-rate modeling. • Recent developments concerning contingent convertible bonds, the measuring of basis spreads, and the modeling of implied correlations. The recent financial crisis has cast tremendous doubts on the classical view on derivative pricing. Now, counterparty credit risk and liquidity issues are integral aspects of a prudent valuation procedure and the reference interest rates are represented by a multitude of curves according to their different periods and maturities. A panel discussion included in the book (featuring Damiano Brigo, Christian Fries, John Hull, and Daniel Sommer) on the foundations of modeling and pricing in the presence of counterparty credit risk provides intriguing insights on the debate.
A detailed, expert-driven guide to today's major financial point of interest The xVA Challenge: Counterparty Credit Risk, Funding, Collateral, and Capital is a practical guide from one of the leading and most influential credit practitioners, Jon Gregory. Focusing on practical methods, this informative guide includes discussion around the latest regulatory requirements, market practice, and academic thinking. Beginning with a look at the emergence of counterparty risk during the recent global financial crisis, the discussion delves into the quantification of firm-wide credit exposure and risk mitigation methods, such as netting and collateral. It also discusses thoroughly the xVA terms, notably CVA, DVA, FVA, ColVA, and KVA and their interactions and overlaps. The discussion of other aspects such as wrong-way risks, hedging, stress testing, and xVA management within a financial institution are covered. The extensive coverage and detailed treatment of what has become an urgent topic makes this book an invaluable reference for any practitioner, policy maker, or student. Counterparty credit risk and related aspects such as funding, collateral, and capital have become key issues in recent years, now generally characterized by the term 'xVA'. This book provides practical, in-depth guidance toward all aspects of xVA management. Market practice around counterparty credit risk and credit and debit value adjustment (CVA and DVA) The latest regulatory developments including Basel III capital requirements, central clearing, and mandatory collateral requirements The impact of accounting requirements such as IFRS 13 Recent thinking on the applications of funding, collateral, and capital adjustments (FVA, ColVA and KVA) The sudden realization of extensive counterparty risks has severely compromised the health of global financial markets. It's now a major point of action for all financial institutions, which have realized the growing importance of consistent treatment of collateral, funding, and capital alongside counterparty risk. The xVA Challenge: Counterparty Credit Risk, Funding, Collateral, and Capital provides expert perspective and real-world guidance for today's institutions.
Counterparty Credit Risk Modelling by Michael Pykhtin Pdf
To enhance your understanding of the risk management, pricing and regulation of counterparty credit risk, this new title offers the most detailed and comprehensive coverage available. Michael Pykhtin, a globally respected expert in credit risk, has combed the industry's most important organisations to assemble a winning team of specialist contributors - presenting you with the definitive insider view.
The first decade of the 21st Century has been disastrous for financial institutions, derivatives and risk management. Counterparty credit risk has become the key element of financial risk management, highlighted by the bankruptcy of the investment bank Lehman Brothers and failure of other high profile institutions such as Bear Sterns, AIG, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The sudden realisation of extensive counterparty risks has severely compromised the health of global financial markets. Counterparty risk is now a key problem for all financial institutions. This book explains the emergence of counterparty risk during the recent credit crisis. The quantification of firm-wide credit exposure for trading desks and businesses is discussed alongside risk mitigation methods such as netting and collateral management (margining). Banks and other financial institutions have been recently developing their capabilities for pricing counterparty risk and these elements are considered in detail via a characterisation of credit value adjustment (CVA). The implications of an institution valuing their own default via debt value adjustment (DVA) are also considered at length. Hedging aspects, together with the associated instruments such as credit defaults swaps (CDSs) and contingent CDS (CCDS) are described in full. A key feature of the credit crisis has been the realisation of wrong-way risks illustrated by the failure of monoline insurance companies. Wrong-way counterparty risks are addressed in detail in relation to interest rate, foreign exchange, commodity and, in particular, credit derivative products. Portfolio counterparty risk is covered, together with the regulatory aspects as defined by the Basel II capital requirements. The management of counterparty risk within an institution is also discussed in detail. Finally, the design and benefits of central clearing, a recent development to attempt to control the rapid growth of counterparty risk, is considered. This book is unique in being practically focused but also covering the more technical aspects. It is an invaluable complete reference guide for any market practitioner with any responsibility or interest within the area of counterparty credit risk.
Credit Risk: Modeling, Valuation and Hedging by Tomasz R. Bielecki,Marek Rutkowski Pdf
The motivation for the mathematical modeling studied in this text on developments in credit risk research is the bridging of the gap between mathematical theory of credit risk and the financial practice. Mathematical developments are covered thoroughly and give the structural and reduced-form approaches to credit risk modeling. Included is a detailed study of various arbitrage-free models of default term structures with several rating grades.
Credit Derivatives Pricing Models by Philipp J. Schönbucher Pdf
The credit derivatives market is booming and, for the first time, expanding into the banking sector which previously has had very little exposure to quantitative modeling. This phenomenon has forced a large number of professionals to confront this issue for the first time. Credit Derivatives Pricing Models provides an extremely comprehensive overview of the most current areas in credit risk modeling as applied to the pricing of credit derivatives. As one of the first books to uniquely focus on pricing, this title is also an excellent complement to other books on the application of credit derivatives. Based on proven techniques that have been tested time and again, this comprehensive resource provides readers with the knowledge and guidance to effectively use credit derivatives pricing models. Filled with relevant examples that are applied to real-world pricing problems, Credit Derivatives Pricing Models paves a clear path for a better understanding of this complex issue. Dr. Philipp J. Schönbucher is a professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, and has degrees in mathematics from Oxford University and a PhD in economics from Bonn University. He has taught various training courses organized by ICM and CIFT, and lectured at risk conferences for practitioners on credit derivatives pricing, credit risk modeling, and implementation.
Counterparty Risk and Funding by Stéphane Crépey,Tomasz R. Bielecki,Damiano Brigo Pdf
Solve the DVA/FVA Overlap Issue and Effectively Manage Portfolio Credit Risk Counterparty Risk and Funding: A Tale of Two Puzzles explains how to study risk embedded in financial transactions between the bank and its counterparty. The authors provide an analytical basis for the quantitative methodology of dynamic valuation, mitigation, and hedging of bilateral counterparty risk on over-the-counter (OTC) derivative contracts under funding constraints. They explore credit, debt, funding, liquidity, and rating valuation adjustment (CVA, DVA, FVA, LVA, and RVA) as well as replacement cost (RC), wrong-way risk, multiple funding curves, and collateral. The first part of the book assesses today’s financial landscape, including the current multi-curve reality of financial markets. In mathematical but model-free terms, the second part describes all the basic elements of the pricing and hedging framework. Taking a more practical slant, the third part introduces a reduced-form modeling approach in which the risk of default of the two parties only shows up through their default intensities. The fourth part addresses counterparty risk on credit derivatives through dynamic copula models. In the fifth part, the authors present a credit migrations model that allows you to account for rating-dependent credit support annex (CSA) clauses. They also touch on nonlinear FVA computations in credit portfolio models. The final part covers classical tools from stochastic analysis and gives a brief introduction to the theory of Markov copulas. The credit crisis and ongoing European sovereign debt crisis have shown the importance of the proper assessment and management of counterparty risk. This book focuses on the interaction and possible overlap between DVA and FVA terms. It also explores the particularly challenging issue of counterparty risk in portfolio credit modeling. Primarily for researchers and graduate students in financial mathematics, the book is also suitable for financial quants, managers in banks, CVA desks, and members of supervisory bodies.
Quantitative Analysis, Derivatives Modeling, and Trading Strategies by Yi Tang,Bin Li Pdf
This book addresses selected practical applications and recent developments in the areas of quantitative financial modeling in derivatives instruments, some of which are from the authors' own research and practice. It is written from the viewpoint of financial engineers or practitioners, and, as such, it puts more emphasis on the practical applications of financial mathematics in the real market than the mathematics itself with precise (and tedious) technical conditions. It attempts to combine economic insights with mathematics and modeling so as to help the reader to develop intuitions. Among the modeling and the numerical techniques presented are the practical applications of the martingale theories, such as martingale model factory and martingale resampling and interpolation. In addition, the book addresses the counterparty credit risk modeling, pricing, and arbitraging strategies from the perspective of a front office functionality and a revenue center (rather than merely a risk management functionality), which are relatively recent developments and are of increasing importance. It also discusses various trading structuring strategies and touches upon some popular credit/IR/FX hybrid products, such as PRDC, TARN, Snowballs, Snowbears, CCDS, and credit extinguishers. While the primary scope of this book is the fixed-income market (with further focus on the interest rate market), many of the methodologies presented also apply to other financial markets, such as the credit, equity, foreign exchange, and commodity markets. Contents:Theory and Applications of Derivatives Modeling:Introduction to Counterparty Credit RiskMartingale Arbitrage Pricing in Real MarketThe Black–Scholes Framework and ExtensionsMartingale Resampling and InterpolationIntroduction to Interest Rate Term Structure ModelingThe Health–Jarrow–Morton FrameworkThe Interest Rate Market ModelCredit Risk Modeling and PricingInterest Rate Market Fundamentals and Proprietary Trading Strategies:Simple Interest Rate ProductsYield Curve ModelingTwo-Factor Risk ModelThe Holy Grail — Two-Factor Interest Rate ArbitrageYield Decomposition ModelInflation Linked Instruments ModelingInterest Rate Proprietary Trading Strategies Readership: Advanced readers who work or are interested in the fixed-income market. Keywords:CVA;Credit Valuation Adjustment;Counterparty Credit;BGM Model;HJM Model;RS Model;Martingale;Derivatives Modeling;Martingale Resampling;Orthogonal Exponential Spline;Stat Arb;Nonexploding Bushy Tree;NBT;PRDC;TARN;Snowball;Snowbear;CCDS;Credit ExtinguisherReviews: “This state of the art text emphasizes various contemporary topics in fixed income derivatives from a practitioner's perspective. The combination of martingale technology with the author's expert practical knowledge contributes hugely to the book's success. For those who desire timely reporting straight from the trenches, this book is a must.” Peter Carr, PhD Director of the Masters in Math Finance Program Courant Institute, NYU “It is quite obvious that the authors have significant practical experience in sophisticated quantitative analysis and derivatives modeling. This real world focus has resulted in a text that not only provides clear presentations on modeling, pricing and hedging derivatives products, but also provides more advanced material that is usually found only in research publications. This book has innovative ideas, state of the art applications, and contains a wealth of valuable information that will interest academics, applied quantitative derivatives modelers, and traders.” Peter Ritchken Kenneth Walter Haber Professor Department of Banking and Finance, Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University “Written by two experienced production Quants, this book contains a wealth of practical methods and useful insights that have been tried and tested. In addressing new tasks, most Quants worry about best practice. Along with specialist published papers, etc, this book is a must to help calibrate judgment. Presently one of the dozen select math-finance books that really should be on one's shelf!” Alan Brace University of Technology Sydney School of Finance and Economics Key Features:Covers various advanced interest rate models, such as the HJM framework, Markovian HJM models (multi-factor RS model in particular), and BGM models, as well as counterparty credit pricing models. It also touches upon some credit models, such as the Copula model, the factor model, and risky market model for credit spreadAddresses various practical applications of modeling, such as martingale arbitrage modeling under real market situations (such as using the correct risk-free interest rate, revised put-call parity, defaultable derivatives, and hedging in the presence of the volatility skew and smile, as well as brief discussions on secondary model calibration for handling the un-hedgeable variables, models for pricing and models for hedging)Presents practical numerical algorithms for the model implementation, such as martingale interpolation and resampling for enforcing discrete martingale relationships in situ in numerical procedures, modeling of the volatility skew, and a nonexploding bushy tree (NBT) technique for efficiently solving non-Markovian models, such as the multi-factor BGM market model, under the backward induction frameworkIntroduces the basics of the interest rate market, including various yield curve modeling, such as the well known Orthogonal Exponential Spline (OES) model, as well as proprietary trading strategies, stat arb in particular
Credit Risk Frontiers by Tomasz Bielecki,Damiano Brigo,Frederic Patras Pdf
A timely guide to understanding and implementing credit derivatives Credit derivatives are here to stay and will continue to play a role in finance in the future. But what will that role be? What issues and challenges should be addressed? And what lessons can be learned from the credit mess? Credit Risk Frontiers offers answers to these and other questions by presenting the latest research in this field and addressing important issues exposed by the financial crisis. It covers this subject from a real world perspective, tackling issues such as liquidity, poor data, and credit spreads, as well as the latest innovations in portfolio products and hedging and risk management techniques. Provides a coherent presentation of recent advances in the theory and practice of credit derivatives Takes into account the new products and risk requirements of a post financial crisis world Contains information regarding various aspects of the credit derivative market as well as cutting edge research regarding those aspects If you want to gain a better understanding of how credit derivatives can help your trading or investing endeavors, then Credit Risk Frontiers is a book you need to read.
Modern Derivatives Pricing and Credit Exposure Analysis by Roland Lichters,Roland Stamm,Donal Gallagher Pdf
This book provides a comprehensive guide for modern derivatives pricing and credit analysis. Written to provide sound theoretical detail but practical implication, it provides readers with everything they need to know to price modern financial derivatives and analyze the credit exposure of a financial instrument in today's markets.
