Models And Modeling In The Sciences

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Models and Modeling in the Sciences

Stephen M. Downes
Models and Modeling in the Sciences Book PDF

Author : Stephen M. Downes
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 115 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020-07-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317298069

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Models and Modeling in the Sciences by Stephen M. Downes Pdf

Biologists, climate scientists, and economists all rely on models to move their work forward. In this book, Stephen M. Downes explores the use of models in these and other fields to introduce readers to the various philosophical issues that arise in scientific modeling. Readers learn that paying attention to models plays a crucial role in appraising scientific work. This book first presents a wide range of models from a number of different scientific disciplines. After assembling some illustrative examples, Downes demonstrates how models shed light on many perennial issues in philosophy of science and in philosophy in general. Reviewing the range of views on how models represent their targets introduces readers to the key issues in debates on representation, not only in science but in the arts as well. Also, standard epistemological questions are cast in new and interesting ways when readers confront the question, "What makes for a good (or bad) model?" All examples from the sciences and positions in the philosophy of science are presented in an accessible manner. The book is suitable for undergraduates with minimal experience in philosophy and an introductory undergraduate experience in science. Key features: The book serves as a highly accessible philosophical introduction to models and modeling in the sciences, presenting all philosophical and scientific issues in a nontechnical manner. Students and other readers learn to practice philosophy of science by starting with clear examples taken directly from the sciences. While not comprehensive, this book introduces the reader to a wide range of views on key issues in the philosophy of science.

Models and Modeling

Myint Swe Khine,Issa M. Saleh
Models and Modeling Book PDF

Author : Myint Swe Khine,Issa M. Saleh
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2011-03-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400704497

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Models and Modeling by Myint Swe Khine,Issa M. Saleh Pdf

The process of developing models, known as modeling, allows scientists to visualize difficult concepts, explain complex phenomena and clarify intricate theories. In recent years, science educators have greatly increased their use of modeling in teaching, especially real-time dynamic modeling, which is central to a scientific investigation. Modeling in science teaching is being used in an array of fields, everything from primary sciences to tertiary chemistry to college physics, and it is sure to play an increasing role in the future of education. Models and Modeling: Cognitive Tools for Scientific Enquiry is a comprehensive introduction to the use of models and modeling in science education. It identifies and describes many different modeling tools and presents recent applications of modeling as a cognitive tool for scientific enquiry.

Towards a Competence-Based View on Models and Modeling in Science Education

Annette Upmeier zu Belzen,Dirk Krüger,Jan van Driel
Towards a Competence Based View on Models and Modeling in Science Education Book PDF

Author : Annette Upmeier zu Belzen,Dirk Krüger,Jan van Driel
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2020-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030302559

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Towards a Competence-Based View on Models and Modeling in Science Education by Annette Upmeier zu Belzen,Dirk Krüger,Jan van Driel Pdf

The book takes a closer look at the theoretical and empirical basis for a competence-based view of models and modeling in science learning and science education research. Current thinking about models and modeling is reflected. The focus lies on the development of modeling competence in science education, and on philosophical aspects, including perspectives on nature of science. The book explores, interprets, and discusses models and modeling from the perspective of different theoretical frameworks and empirical results. The extent to which these frameworks can be integrated into a competence-based approach for science education is discussed. In addition, the book provides practical guidance by outlining evidence-based approaches to diagnosing and promoting modeling competence. The aim is to convey a strong understanding of models and modeling for professions such as teacher educators, science education researchers, teachers, and scientists. Different methods for the diagnosis and assessment of modeling competence are presented and discussed with regard to their potential and limitations. The book provides evidence-based ideas about how teachers can be supported in teaching with models and modeling implementing a competence-based approach and, thus, how students can develop their modeling competence. Based on the findings, research challenges for the future are identified.

Similarity and Modeling in Science and Engineering

Josef Kuneš
Similarity and Modeling in Science and Engineering Book PDF

Author : Josef Kuneš
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 451 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2012-04-07
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781907343773

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Similarity and Modeling in Science and Engineering by Josef Kuneš Pdf

The present text sets itself in relief to other titles on the subject in that it addresses the means and methodologies versus a narrow specific-task oriented approach. Concepts and their developments which evolved to meet the changing needs of applications are addressed. This approach provides the reader with a general tool-box to apply to their specific needs. Two important tools are presented: dimensional analysis and the similarity analysis methods. The fundamental point of view, enabling one to sort all models, is that of information flux between a model and an original expressed by the similarity and abstraction Each chapter includes original examples and applications. In this respect, the models can be divided into several groups. The following models are dealt with separately by chapter; mathematical and physical models, physical analogues, deterministic, stochastic, and cybernetic computer models. The mathematical models are divided into asymptotic and phenomenological models. The phenomenological models, which can also be called experimental, are usually the result of an experiment on an complex object or process. The variable dimensionless quantities contain information about the real state of boundary conditions, parameter (non-linearity) changes, and other factors. With satisfactory measurement accuracy and experimental strategy, such models are highly credible and can be used, for example in control systems.

Scientific Modeling and Simulations

Sidney Yip,Tomas Diaz Rubia
Scientific Modeling and Simulations Book PDF

Author : Sidney Yip,Tomas Diaz Rubia
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2010-04-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402097416

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Scientific Modeling and Simulations by Sidney Yip,Tomas Diaz Rubia Pdf

Although computational modeling and simulation of material deformation was initiated with the study of structurally simple materials and inert environments, there is an increasing demand for predictive simulation of more realistic material structure and physical conditions. In particular, it is recognized that applied mechanical force can plausibly alter chemical reactions inside materials or at material interfaces, though the fundamental reasons for this chemomechanical coupling are studied in a material-speci c manner. Atomistic-level s- ulations can provide insight into the unit processes that facilitate kinetic reactions within complex materials, but the typical nanosecond timescales of such simulations are in contrast to the second-scale to hour-scale timescales of experimentally accessible or technologically relevant timescales. Further, in complex materials these key unit processes are “rare events” due to the high energy barriers associated with those processes. Examples of such rare events include unbinding between two proteins that tether biological cells to extracellular materials [1], unfolding of complex polymers, stiffness and bond breaking in amorphous glass bers and gels [2], and diffusive hops of point defects within crystalline alloys [3].

Modeling Theory in Science Education

Ibrahim A. Halloun
Modeling Theory in Science Education Book PDF

Author : Ibrahim A. Halloun
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2007-01-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402021404

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Modeling Theory in Science Education by Ibrahim A. Halloun Pdf

This book is the culmination of over twenty years of work toward a pedagogical theory that promotes experiential learning of model-laden theory and inquiry in science. The book focuses as much on course content as on instruction and learning methodology, presenting practical aspects that have repeatedly demonstrated their value in fostering meaningful and equitable learning of physics and other science courses at the secondary school and college levels.

Models and Modelling in the Sciences

Stephen M. Downes
Models and Modelling in the Sciences Book PDF

Author : Stephen M. Downes
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2020-07-10
Category : Information visualization
ISBN : 113812222X

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Models and Modelling in the Sciences by Stephen M. Downes Pdf

Models now drive much of the research in climate science, economics, molecular biology, and several other fields in the natural and social sciences. Yet how models work as tools of forecasting, representation, and explanation remains unclear, inviting closer philosophical analysis. In this book, Stephen M. Downes offers the first focused philosophical introduction to scientific modeling, accessible for students and researchers in both philosophy and the sciences. He looks at different models in a wide range of disciplines, suggesting a procrustean view of models is misleading, yet also draws insightful connections between disciplines. Each of the chapters includes a helpful overview, summary, and annotated bibliography.

Model Based Inference in the Life Sciences

David R. Anderson
Model Based Inference in the Life Sciences Book PDF

Author : David R. Anderson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2007-12-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387740751

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Model Based Inference in the Life Sciences by David R. Anderson Pdf

This textbook introduces a science philosophy called "information theoretic" based on Kullback-Leibler information theory. It focuses on a science philosophy based on "multiple working hypotheses" and statistical models to represent them. The text is written for people new to the information-theoretic approaches to statistical inference, whether graduate students, post-docs, or professionals. Readers are however expected to have a background in general statistical principles, regression analysis, and some exposure to likelihood methods. This is not an elementary text as it assumes reasonable competence in modeling and parameter estimation.

Mathematical Modeling in Science and Engineering

Ismael Herrera,George F. Pinder
Mathematical Modeling in Science and Engineering Book PDF

Author : Ismael Herrera,George F. Pinder
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2012-03-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781118207208

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Mathematical Modeling in Science and Engineering by Ismael Herrera,George F. Pinder Pdf

A powerful, unified approach to mathematical and computational modeling in science and engineering Mathematical and computational modeling makes it possible to predict the behavior of a broad range of systems across a broad range of disciplines. This text guides students and professionals through the axiomatic approach, a powerful method that will enable them to easily master the principle types of mathematical and computational models used in engineering and science. Readers will discover that this axiomatic approach not only enables them to systematically construct effective models, it also enables them to apply these models to any macroscopic physical system. Mathematical Modeling in Science and Engineering focuses on models in which the processes to be modeled are expressed as systems of partial differential equations. It begins with an introductory discussion of the axiomatic formulation of basic models, setting the foundation for further topics such as: Mechanics of classical and non-classical continuous systems Solute transport by a free fluid Flow of a fluid in a porous medium Multiphase systems Enhanced oil recovery Fluid mechanics Throughout the text, diagrams are provided to help readers visualize and better understand complex mathematical concepts. A set of exercises at the end of each chapter enables readers to put their new modeling skills into practice. There is also a bibliography in each chapter to facilitate further investigation of individual topics. Mathematical Modeling in Science and Engineering is ideal for both students and professionals across the many disciplines of science and engineering that depend on mathematical and computational modeling to predict and understand complex systems.

Model Based Learning and Instruction in Science

John Clement,Mary Anne Rea-Ramirez
Model Based Learning and Instruction in Science Book PDF

Author : John Clement,Mary Anne Rea-Ramirez
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2007-12-07
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781402064944

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Model Based Learning and Instruction in Science by John Clement,Mary Anne Rea-Ramirez Pdf

Anyone involved in science education will find that this text can enhance their pedagogical practice. It describes new, model-based teaching methods that integrate social and cognitive perspectives for science instruction. It presents research that describes how these new methods are applied in a diverse group of settings, including middle school biology, high school physics, and college chemistry classrooms. They offer practical tips for teaching the toughest of key concepts.

Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science

Lorenzo Magnani,Tommaso Bertolotti
Springer Handbook of Model Based Science Book PDF

Author : Lorenzo Magnani,Tommaso Bertolotti
Publisher : Springer
Page : 1180 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2017-05-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319305264

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Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science by Lorenzo Magnani,Tommaso Bertolotti Pdf

This handbook offers the first comprehensive reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of model-based reasoning. It highlights the role of models as mediators between theory and experimentation, and as educational devices, as well as their relevance in testing hypotheses and explanatory functions. The Springer Handbook merges philosophical, cognitive and epistemological perspectives on models with the more practical needs related to the application of this tool across various disciplines and practices. The result is a unique, reliable source of information that guides readers toward an understanding of different aspects of model-based science, such as the theoretical and cognitive nature of models, as well as their practical and logical aspects. The inferential role of models in hypothetical reasoning, abduction and creativity once they are constructed, adopted, and manipulated for different scientific and technological purposes is also discussed. Written by a group of internationally renowned experts in philosophy, the history of science, general epistemology, mathematics, cognitive and computer science, physics and life sciences, as well as engineering, architecture, and economics, this Handbook uses numerous diagrams, schemes and other visual representations to promote a better understanding of the concepts. This also makes it highly accessible to an audience of scholars and students with different scientific backgrounds. All in all, the Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science represents the definitive application-oriented reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of model-based reasoning.

Science Communication

Annette Leßmöllmann,Marcelo Dascal,Thomas Gloning
Science Communication Book PDF

Author : Annette Leßmöllmann,Marcelo Dascal,Thomas Gloning
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 555 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2019-12-16
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110393217

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Science Communication by Annette Leßmöllmann,Marcelo Dascal,Thomas Gloning Pdf

Science is an essentially cooperative, critical, and dynamic enterprise. Were it not for the continuous creation and improvement of special forms of communication, argumentation, and innovation, all of them suitable for its three key features, scientific knowledge and progress could hardly be achieved. The aim of this volume is to explore the nature of science communication in its several functions, modalities, combinations, and evolution - past, present, and future. One of our objectives is to provide an overview of the richness and variety of elements that take part in performing the complex tasks and fulfilling the functions of science communication. The overall structure and criteria for the choice of topics: 1. The origin and target of a communication episode - its source(s) and addressee(s). 2. The media of communication employed. 3. The thematic field and content types. 4. The distinction between aspects of science communication (e.g., media, texttypes, domains, communicative maxims) and aspects of research on science communication (e.g., the contribution of different research traditions to the understanding of science communication). 5. The history and dynamics of science communication (past, present, and future), both in an empirical perspective (e.g., the development of the research article) and a systematic perspective (e.g., what are basic types and mechanisms of change in science communication).

Modelling and Simulation in the Social Sciences from the Philosophy of Science Point of View

R. Hegselmann,Ulrich Mueller,Klaus G. Troitzsch
Modelling and Simulation in the Social Sciences from the Philosophy of Science Point of View Book PDF

Author : R. Hegselmann,Ulrich Mueller,Klaus G. Troitzsch
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789401586863

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Modelling and Simulation in the Social Sciences from the Philosophy of Science Point of View by R. Hegselmann,Ulrich Mueller,Klaus G. Troitzsch Pdf

Model building in the social sciences can increasingly rely on well elaborated formal theories. At the same time inexpensive large computational capacities are now available. Both make computer-based model building and simulation possible in social science, whose central aim is in particular an understanding of social dynamics. Such social dynamics refer to public opinion formation, partner choice, strategy decisions in social dilemma situations and much more. In the context of such modelling approaches, novel problems in philosophy of science arise which must be analysed - the main aim of this book. Interest in social simulation has recently been growing rapidly world- wide, mainly as a result of the increasing availability of powerful personal computers. The field has also been greatly influenced by developments in cellular automata theory (from mathematics) and in distributed artificial intelligence which provided tools readily applicable to social simulation. This book presents a number of modelling and simulation approaches and their relations to problems in philosophy of science. It addresses sociologists and other social scientists interested in formal modelling, mathematical sociology, and computer simulation as well as computer scientists interested in social science applications, and philosophers of social science.

Models and Modeling

Myint Swe Khine,Issa M. Saleh
Models and Modeling Book PDF

Author : Myint Swe Khine,Issa M. Saleh
Publisher : Springer
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9400735480

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Models and Modeling by Myint Swe Khine,Issa M. Saleh Pdf

The process of developing models, known as modeling, allows scientists to visualize difficult concepts, explain complex phenomena and clarify intricate theories. In recent years, science educators have greatly increased their use of modeling in teaching, especially real-time dynamic modeling, which is central to a scientific investigation. Modeling in science teaching is being used in an array of fields, everything from primary sciences to tertiary chemistry to college physics, and it is sure to play an increasing role in the future of education. Models and Modeling: Cognitive Tools for Scientific Enquiry is a comprehensive introduction to the use of models and modeling in science education. It identifies and describes many different modeling tools and presents recent applications of modeling as a cognitive tool for scientific enquiry.

Formal Modeling in Social Science

Carol Mershon,Olga Shvetsova
Formal Modeling in Social Science Book PDF

Author : Carol Mershon,Olga Shvetsova
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2019-09-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780472054237

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Formal Modeling in Social Science by Carol Mershon,Olga Shvetsova Pdf

A formal model in the social sciences builds explanations when it structures the reasoning underlying a theoretical argument, opens venues for controlled experimentation, and can lead to hypotheses. Yet more importantly, models evaluate theory, build theory, and enhance conjectures. Formal Modeling in Social Science addresses the varied helpful roles of formal models and goes further to take up more fundamental considerations of epistemology and methodology. The authors integrate the exposition of the epistemology and the methodology of modeling and argue that these two reinforce each other. They illustrate the process of designing an original model suited to the puzzle at hand, using multiple methods in diverse substantive areas of inquiry. The authors also emphasize the crucial, though underappreciated, role of a narrative in the progression from theory to model. Transparency of assumptions and steps in a model means that any analyst will reach equivalent predictions whenever she replicates the argument. Hence, models enable theoretical replication, essential in the accumulation of knowledge. Formal Modeling in Social Science speaks to scholars in different career stages and disciplines and with varying expertise in modeling.