Models Of Science Dynamics

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Models of Science Dynamics

Andrea Scharnhorst,Katy Börner,Peter van den Besselaar
Models of Science Dynamics Book PDF

Author : Andrea Scharnhorst,Katy Börner,Peter van den Besselaar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2012-01-25
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783642230684

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Models of Science Dynamics by Andrea Scharnhorst,Katy Börner,Peter van den Besselaar Pdf

Models of Science Dynamics aims to capture the structure and evolution of science, the emerging arena in which scholars, science and the communication of science become themselves the basic objects of research. In order to capture the essence of phenomena as diverse as the structure of co-authorship networks or the evolution of citation diffusion patterns, such models can be represented by conceptual models based on historical and ethnographic observations, mathematical descriptions of measurable phenomena, or computational algorithms. Despite its evident importance, the mathematical modeling of science still lacks a unifying framework and a comprehensive study of the topic. This volume fills this gap, reviewing and describing major threads in the mathematical modeling of science dynamics for a wider academic and professional audience. The model classes presented cover stochastic and statistical models, system-dynamics approaches, agent-based simulations, population-dynamics models, and complex-network models. The book comprises an introduction and a foundational chapter that defines and operationalizes terminology used in the study of science, as well as a review chapter that discusses the history of mathematical approaches to modeling science from an algorithmic-historiography perspective. It concludes with a survey of remaining challenges for future science models and their relevance for science and science policy.

Models of Science Dynamics

Andrea Scharnhorst,Katy Börner,Peter van den Besselaar
Models of Science Dynamics Book PDF

Author : Andrea Scharnhorst,Katy Börner,Peter van den Besselaar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2012-01-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783642230677

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Models of Science Dynamics by Andrea Scharnhorst,Katy Börner,Peter van den Besselaar Pdf

Models of Science Dynamics aims to capture the structure and evolution of science, the emerging arena in which scholars, science and the communication of science become themselves the basic objects of research. In order to capture the essence of phenomena as diverse as the structure of co-authorship networks or the evolution of citation diffusion patterns, such models can be represented by conceptual models based on historical and ethnographic observations, mathematical descriptions of measurable phenomena, or computational algorithms. Despite its evident importance, the mathematical modeling of science still lacks a unifying framework and a comprehensive study of the topic. This volume fills this gap, reviewing and describing major threads in the mathematical modeling of science dynamics for a wider academic and professional audience. The model classes presented cover stochastic and statistical models, system-dynamics approaches, agent-based simulations, population-dynamics models, and complex-network models. The book comprises an introduction and a foundational chapter that defines and operationalizes terminology used in the study of science, as well as a review chapter that discusses the history of mathematical approaches to modeling science from an algorithmic-historiography perspective. It concludes with a survey of remaining challenges for future science models and their relevance for science and science policy.

Science Dynamics and Research Production

Nikolay K. Vitanov
Science Dynamics and Research Production Book PDF

Author : Nikolay K. Vitanov
Publisher : Springer
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2016-08-01
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783319416311

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Science Dynamics and Research Production by Nikolay K. Vitanov Pdf

This book deals with methods to evaluate scientific productivity. In the book statistical methods, deterministic and stochastic models and numerous indexes are discussed that will help the reader to understand the nonlinear science dynamics and to be able to develop or construct systems for appropriate evaluation of research productivity and management of research groups and organizations. The dynamics of science structures and systems is complex, and the evaluation of research productivity requires a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and measures. The book has three parts. The first part is devoted to mathematical models describing the importance of science for economic growth and systems for the evaluation of research organizations of different size. The second part contains descriptions and discussions of numerous indexes for the evaluation of the productivity of researchers and groups of researchers of different size (up to the comparison of research productivities of research communities of nations). Part three contains discussions of non-Gaussian laws connected to scientific productivity and presents various deterministic and stochastic models of science dynamics and research productivity. The book shows that many famous fat tail distributions as well as many deterministic and stochastic models and processes, which are well known from physics, theory of extreme events or population dynamics, occur also in the description of dynamics of scientific systems and in the description of the characteristics of research productivity. This is not a surprise as scientific systems are nonlinear, open and dissipative.

New Models for Ecosystem Dynamics and Restoration

Richard J. Hobbs,Katharine N. Suding,Peter Society for Ecological Restoration International
New Models for Ecosystem Dynamics and Restoration Book PDF

Author : Richard J. Hobbs,Katharine N. Suding,Peter Society for Ecological Restoration International
Publisher : Island Press
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781610911382

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New Models for Ecosystem Dynamics and Restoration by Richard J. Hobbs,Katharine N. Suding,Peter Society for Ecological Restoration International Pdf

As scientific understanding about ecological processes has grown, the idea that ecosystem dynamics are complex, nonlinear, and often unpredictable has gained prominence. Of particular importance is the idea that rather than following an inevitable progression toward an ultimate endpoint, some ecosystems may occur in a number of states depending on past and present ecological conditions. The emerging idea of “restoration thresholds” also enables scientists to recognize when ecological systems are likely to recover on their own and when active restoration efforts are needed. Conceptual models based on alternative stable states and restoration thresholds can help inform restoration efforts. New Models for Ecosystem Dynamics and Restoration brings together leading experts from around the world to explore how conceptual models of ecosystem dynamics can be applied to the recovery of degraded systems and how recent advances in our understanding of ecosystem and landscape dynamics can be translated into conceptual and practical frameworks for restoration. In the first part of the book, background chapters present and discuss the basic concepts and models and explore the implications of new scientific research on restoration practice. The second part considers the dynamics and restoration of different ecosystems, ranging from arid lands to grasslands, woodlands, and savannahs, to forests and wetlands, to production landscapes. A summary chapter by the editors discusses the implications of theory and practice of the ideas described in preceding chapters. New Models for Ecosystem Dynamics and Restoration aims to widen the scope and increase the application of threshold models by critiquing their application in a wide range of ecosystem types. It will also help scientists and restorationists correctly diagnose ecosystem damage, identify restoration thresholds, and develop corrective methodologies that can overcome such thresholds.

Social Dynamics Models and Methods

Nancy Brandon Tuma
Social Dynamics Models and Methods Book PDF

Author : Nancy Brandon Tuma
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 602 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1984-08-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780323156905

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Social Dynamics Models and Methods by Nancy Brandon Tuma Pdf

Social Dynamics: Models and Methods focuses on sociological methodology and on the practice of sociological research. This book is organized into three parts encompassing 16 chapters that deal with the basic principles of social dynamics. The first part of this book considers the development of models and methods for causal analysis of the actual time paths of change in attributes of individual and social systems. This part also discusses the applications in which the use of dynamic models and methods seems to have enhanced the capacity to formulate and test sociological arguments. These models and methods are useful for answering questions about the detailed structure of social change processes. The second part explores the formulation of the continuous-time models of change in both quantitative and qualitative outcomes and the development of suitable methods for estimating these models from the kinds of data commonly available to sociologists. The third part describes a stochastic framework for analyzing both qualitative and quantitative outcome of social changes. This part also discusses the sociologists' perspective on the empirical study of social change processes. This text will be of great value to sociologists and sociological researchers.

Systems and Models

Hartmut Bossel
Systems and Models Book PDF

Author : Hartmut Bossel
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783833481215

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Systems and Models by Hartmut Bossel Pdf

A multitude of complex systems and actors pursuing their own agenda shape the dynamics of our world. Better understanding of their actions and interactions is crucial, and can be achieved by a profound knowledge of systems and their properties, and their representation in models allowing simulation of probable behavior. Drawing on his extensive research and teaching experience in modeling and simulation of a wide range of systems - from engineering to social systems and ecosystems - the author presents the fundamental concepts and approaches for understanding and modeling the complex systems shaping the dynamics of our world. The book applies state space analysis and system dynamics to deal with the dynamic processes of "causal systems," discusses information processing approaches for modeling decision processes of "actors" and "agents," and uses aspects of the coevolutionary development of systems in their environment to deal with normative orientation, ethics, and evaluation of policies and long-term development. The concepts are applied in particular to the issue of sustainable development of human society in an evolving world. The book is complemented by a survey of system topics and of models from many fields, and by an extensive bibliography on the many systems-related subjects covered. Hartmut Bossel is Professor Emeritus of environmental systems analysis. He taught for many years at the University of California in Santa Barbara and the University of Kassel, Germany, where he was director of the Center for Environmental Systems Research until his retirement. He holds an engineering degree from the Technical University of Darmstadt, and a Ph.D. degree from the University of California at Berkeley. With a background in engineering, systems science, and mathematical modeling, he has led many research projects and future studies in different countries, developing computer simulation models and decision support systems in the areas of energy supply policy, global dynamics, orientation of behavior, agricultural policy, and forest dynamics and management. He has written numerous books on modeling and simulation of dynamic systems, social change and future paths, and has published widely in the scientific literature in several fields. Bossel is author of a System Zoo containing over one hundred simulation models of diverse systems.

Modeling Love Dynamics

Sergio E. T. Al RINALDI
Modeling Love Dynamics Book PDF

Author : Sergio E. T. Al RINALDI
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2015-10-22
Category : Family & Relationships
ISBN : 9789814696326

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Modeling Love Dynamics by Sergio E. T. Al RINALDI Pdf

This book shows, for the very first time, how love stories -- a vital issue in our lives -- can be tentatively described with classical mathematics. Focus is on the derivation and analysis of reliable models that allow one to formally describe the expected evolution of love affairs from the initial state of indifference to the final romantic regime. The models are in full agreement with the basic philosophical principles of love psychology. Eight chapters are theoretically oriented and discuss the romantic relationships between important classes of individuals identified by particular psychological traits. The remaining chapters are devoted to case studies described in classical poems or in worldwide famous films.

A Survey of Models for Tumor-Immune System Dynamics

John A. Adam,Nicola Bellomo
A Survey of Models for Tumor Immune System Dynamics Book PDF

Author : John A. Adam,Nicola Bellomo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2012-10-06
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780817681197

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A Survey of Models for Tumor-Immune System Dynamics by John A. Adam,Nicola Bellomo Pdf

Mathematical Modeling and Immunology An enormous amount of human effort and economic resources has been directed in this century to the fight against cancer. The purpose, of course, has been to find strategies to overcome this hard, challenging and seemingly endless struggle. We can readily imagine that even greater efforts will be required in the next century. The hope is that ultimately humanity will be successful; success will have been achieved when it is possible to activate and control the immune system in its competition against neoplastic cells. Dealing with the above-mentioned problem requires the fullest pos sible cooperation among scientists working in different fields: biology, im munology, medicine, physics and, we believe, mathematics. Certainly, bi ologists and immunologists will make the greatest contribution to the re search. However, it is now increasingly recognized that mathematics and computer science may well able to make major contributions to such prob lems. We cannot expect mathematicians alone to solve fundamental prob lems in immunology and (in particular) cancer research, but valuable sup port, however modest, can be provided by mathematicians to the research aspirations of biologists and immunologists working in this field.

Dynamics of Materials

Lili Wang,Liming Yang,Xinlong Dong,Xiquan Jiang
Dynamics of Materials Book PDF

Author : Lili Wang,Liming Yang,Xinlong Dong,Xiquan Jiang
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 610 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2019-07-25
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128173220

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Dynamics of Materials by Lili Wang,Liming Yang,Xinlong Dong,Xiquan Jiang Pdf

Dynamics of Materials: Experiments, Models and Applications addresses the basic laws of high velocity flow/deformation and dynamic failure of materials under dynamic loading. The book comprehensively covers different perspectives on volumetric law, including its macro-thermodynamic basis, solid physics basis, related dynamic experimental study, distortional law, including the rate-dependent macro-distortional law reflecting strain-rate effect, its micro-mechanism based on dislocation dynamics, and dynamic experimental research based on the stress wave theory. The final section covers dynamic failure in relation to dynamic damage evolution, including the unloading failure of a crack-free body, dynamics of cracks under high strain-rate, and more. Covers models for applications, along with the fundamentals of the mechanisms behind the models Tackles the difficult interdisciplinary nature of the subject, combining macroscopic continuum mechanics with thermodynamics and macro-mechanics expression with micro-physical mechanisms Provides a review of the latest experimental methods for the equation of state for solids under high pressure and the distortional law under high strain-rates of materials

Models of Life

Kim Sneppen
Models of Life Book PDF

Author : Kim Sneppen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2014-10-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781107061903

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Models of Life by Kim Sneppen Pdf

An overview of current models of biological systems, reflecting the major advances that have been made over the past decade.

System Dynamics

Bilash Kanti Bala,Fatimah Mohamed Arshad,Kusairi Mohd Noh
System Dynamics Book PDF

Author : Bilash Kanti Bala,Fatimah Mohamed Arshad,Kusairi Mohd Noh
Publisher : Springer
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2016-10-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789811020452

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System Dynamics by Bilash Kanti Bala,Fatimah Mohamed Arshad,Kusairi Mohd Noh Pdf

This book covers the broad spectrum of system dynamics methodologies for the modelling and simulation of complex systems: systems thinking, causal diagrams, systems structure of stock and flow diagrams, parameter estimation and tests for confidence building in system dynamics models. It includes a comprehensive review of model validation and policy design and provides a practical presentation of system dynamics modelling. It also offers numerous worked-out examples and case studies in diverse fields using STELLA and VENSIM. The system dynamics methodologies presented here can be applied to nearly all areas of research and planning, and the simulations provided make the complicated issues more easily understandable. System Dynamics: Modelling and Simulation is an essential system dynamics and systems engineering textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses. It also offers an excellent reference guide for managers in industry and policy planners who wish to use modelling and simulation to manage complex systems more effectively, as well as researchers in the fields of modelling and simulation-based systems thinking.

Modelling Population Dynamics

K. B. Newman,S. T. Buckland,B. J. T. Morgan,R. King,D. L. Borchers,D. J. Cole,P. Besbeas,O. Gimenez,L. Thomas
Modelling Population Dynamics Book PDF

Author : K. B. Newman,S. T. Buckland,B. J. T. Morgan,R. King,D. L. Borchers,D. J. Cole,P. Besbeas,O. Gimenez,L. Thomas
Publisher : Springer
Page : 215 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2014-07-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781493909773

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Modelling Population Dynamics by K. B. Newman,S. T. Buckland,B. J. T. Morgan,R. King,D. L. Borchers,D. J. Cole,P. Besbeas,O. Gimenez,L. Thomas Pdf

This book gives a unifying framework for estimating the abundance of open populations: populations subject to births, deaths and movement, given imperfect measurements or samples of the populations. The focus is primarily on populations of vertebrates for which dynamics are typically modelled within the framework of an annual cycle, and for which stochastic variability in the demographic processes is usually modest. Discrete-time models are developed in which animals can be assigned to discrete states such as age class, gender, maturity, population (within a metapopulation), or species (for multi-species models). The book goes well beyond estimation of abundance, allowing inference on underlying population processes such as birth or recruitment, survival and movement. This requires the formulation and fitting of population dynamics models. The resulting fitted models yield both estimates of abundance and estimates of parameters characterizing the underlying processes.

Dynamical System Models in the Life Sciences and Their Underlying Scientific Issues

Frederic Y M Wan
Dynamical System Models in the Life Sciences and Their Underlying Scientific Issues Book PDF

Author : Frederic Y M Wan
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2017-08-16
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9789813143357

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Dynamical System Models in the Life Sciences and Their Underlying Scientific Issues by Frederic Y M Wan Pdf

Broadly speaking, there are two general approaches to teaching mathematical modeling: 1) the case study approach, and 2) the method based approach (that teaches mathematical techniques with applications to relevant mathematical models). This text emphasizes instead the scientific issues for modeling different phenomena. For the natural or harvested growth of a fish population, we may be interested in the evolution of the population, whether it reaches a steady state (equilibrium or cycle), stable or unstable with respect to a small perturbation from equilibrium, or whether a small change in the environment would cause a catastrophic change, etc. Each scientific issue requires an appropriate model and a different set of mathematical tools to extract information from the model. Models examined are chosen to help explain or justify empirical observations such as cocktail drug treatments are more effective and regenerations after injuries or illness are fast-tracked (compared to original developments). Volume I of this three-volume set limits its scope to phenomena and scientific issues that are modeled by ordinary differential equations (ODE). Scientific issues such as signal and wave propagation, diffusion, and shock formation involving spatial dynamics to be modeled by partial differential equations (PDE) will be treated in Vol. II. Scientific issues involving randomness and uncertainty are examined in Vol. III. Request Inspection Copy Contents: Mathematical Models and the Modeling CycleGrowth of a Population:Evolution and EquilibriumStability and BifurcationInteracting Populations:Linear InteractionsNonlinear Autonomous InteractionsHIV Dynamics and Drug TreatmentsIndex Theory, Bistability and FeedbackOptimization:The Economics of GrowthOptimization over a Planning PeriodModifications of the Basic ProblemBoundary Value Problems are More ComplexConstraints and Control:"Do Your Best" and the Maximum PrincipleChlamydia TrachomatisGenetic Instability and CarcinogenesisMathematical Modeling RevisitedAppendices:First Order ODEBasic Numerical MethodsAssignments Readership: Undergraduates in mathematical biology, mathematical modeling of dynamical systems, optimization and control, viral dynamics (infectious diseases), oncology.

Dynamics of the Standard Model

John F. Donoghue,Eugene Golowich,Barry R. Holstein
Dynamics of the Standard Model Book PDF

Author : John F. Donoghue,Eugene Golowich,Barry R. Holstein
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 599 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2023-01-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781009291002

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Dynamics of the Standard Model by John F. Donoghue,Eugene Golowich,Barry R. Holstein Pdf

This 2014 edition, now OA, provides a detailed and practical account of the Standard Model of particle physics.

Urban Dynamics and Simulation Models

Denise Pumain,Romain Reuillon
Urban Dynamics and Simulation Models Book PDF

Author : Denise Pumain,Romain Reuillon
Publisher : Springer
Page : 123 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2017-01-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783319464978

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Urban Dynamics and Simulation Models by Denise Pumain,Romain Reuillon Pdf

This monograph presents urban simulation methods that help in better understanding urban dynamics. Over historical times, cities have progressively absorbed a larger part of human population and will concentrate three quarters of humankind before the end of the century. This “urban transition” that has totally transformed the way we inhabit the planet is globally understood in its socio-economic rationales but is less frequently questioned as a spatio-temporal process. However, the cities, because they are intrinsically linked in a game of competition for resources and development, self organize in “systems of cities” where their future becomes more and more interdependent. The high frequency and intensity of interactions between cities explain that urban systems all over the world exhibit large similarities in their hierarchical and functional structure and rather regular dynamics. They are complex systems whose emergence, structure and further evolution are widely governed by the multiple kinds of interaction that link the various actors and institutions investing in cities their efforts, capital, knowledge and intelligence. Simulation models that reconstruct this dynamics may help in better understanding it and exploring future plausible evolutions of urban systems. This would provide better insight about how societies can manage the ecological transition at local, regional and global scales. The author has developed a series of instruments that greatly improve the techniques of validation for such models of social sciences that can be submitted to many applications in a variety of geographical situations. Examples are given for several BRICS countries, Europe and United States. The target audience primarily comprises research experts in the field of urban dynamics, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.