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Author : Creighton A. Phelps,National Institute on Aging. Symposium
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Aging
ISBN : 0444801049
Author : Yigal H. Ehrlich
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461548690
Numerous studies have proven the biological basis of memory formation and have begun to identify the biochemical traces and cellular circuits that are formed by experience, and which participate int the storage of information in the brain, its retention for long durations, and its retrieval upon demand. Cells in the nervous system have the capability of undergoing extremely long-lasting alterations in response to hormonal, pharmacological, and environmental stimulations. The mechanisms underlying this neuronal plasticity are activated by experiential inputs and operate in the process of learning and the formation of memories in the brain. This volume presents research areas which have not been highlighted in the past. In addition to studies on the involement of functional proteins in neuronal adaptation, this volume presents recent developments on the critical roles of bioactive lipids and nucleotides in these processes. In addition to the widely studied role of second messengers, a review of studies on extracellular phosphorylation systems operating on the surface of brain neurons is presented.The first section of the volume presents studies of basic mechanisms operating in a wide range of adaptive processes. The second section presents recent advances in investigations that have demonstrated the clinical implications of this research. These include: state of the art use of transgenic models in studies of molecular and cellular mechanisms implicated in familial Alzheimer's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; studies of specific proteins implicated in Alzheimer's disease, including an adapter that binds to the beta-amyloid precurser protein (beta-APP) and the microtubular protein Tau and its membrane-bound counterpart. The advantages of using cell culture models for elucidating the causes of neuronal degeneration and for identifying mechanisms of neuroprotection are also presented among the chapters in the section on clinical implications.
Author : National Research Council,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Future Directions for Cognitive Research on Aging
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2000-04-18
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309172196
Possible new breakthroughs in understanding the aging mind that can be used to benefit older people are now emerging from research. This volume identifies the key scientific advances and the opportunities they bring. For example, science has learned that among older adults who do not suffer from Alzheimer's disease or other dementias, cognitive decline may depend less on loss of brain cells than on changes in the health of neurons and neural networks. Research on the processes that maintain neural health shows promise of revealing new ways to promote cognitive functioning in older people. Research is also showing how cognitive functioning depends on the conjunction of biology and culture. The ways older people adapt to changes in their nervous systems, and perhaps the changes themselves, are shaped by past life experiences, present living situations, changing motives, cultural expectations, and emerging technology, as well as by their physical health status and sensory-motor capabilities. Improved understanding of how physical and contextual factors interact can help explain why some cognitive functions are impaired in aging while others are spared and why cognitive capability is impaired in some older adults and spared in others. On the basis of these exciting findings, the report makes specific recommends that the U.S. government support three major new initiatives as the next steps for research.
Author : Charles E. Ribak PhD,Carlos Aramburo de la Hoz Phd,Edward G. Jones, PhD,Jorge A. Larriva Sahd, PhD,Larry W. Swanson PhD
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780195369007
This book provides current information about the three areas mentioned in the title: Neuronal Migration and Development, Degenerative Brain Diseases, and Neural Plasticity and Regeneration. The chapters about brain development examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which neurons are generated from the ventricular zone in the forebrain and migrate to their destinations in the cerebral cortext. This description of cortical development also includes a discussions of the Cajal-Retzius cell. Another chapter provides insight about the development of another forebrain region, the hypothalamus. The remaining chapters of this section examine the clinical relevance of brain development in certain disease states in humans: neural tube defects and the normal and abnormal development of human electroencephalographic recordings during the first year of age.The second section on degenerative disorders of the brain begins wtih details about the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia niger and their loss in Parkinson's disease. Two subsequent chapters describe changes in brain aging, including changes in the numbers of myelinated axons. Other chapters in this section describe important cellular and molecular changes found in Alzheimer's disease and human epilepsy. Together, these chapters summarize much of our current knowledge about the major molecular and cellular changes found in several degenerative diseases of the brain.The last section addresses the issues of brain plasticity and regeneration in the adult brain and begins with a chapter on how the brain's own stem cells provide newly generated neurons to the hippocampal dentate gyrus and how these neurons become integrated into neural circuitry. The following two chapters examine some of the neuroplastic changes that take place in motor and sensory cortices of awake behaving primates. The concluding two chapters address the issue of regeneration in the injured spinal cord and the factors that may contribute to its success.
Author : M.A. Hofman,G.J. Boer,E.J.W. Van Someren,J. Verhaagen,D.F. Swaab,A.J.G.D. Holtmaat
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2002-10-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080497730
In the past decade neuronal plasticity has become a major theme of modern neurobiology, from cellular and molecular mechanisms of synapse formation in worms and insects to behavioural recovery from strokes in elderly humans. For this reason the focus of interest in the present volume of Progress in Brain Research is on the topic of neuroplasticity in mature organisms, including humans. Contributions range from neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the adult primate brain, to neural mechanisms of learning and memory, and the influence of environmental factors and aging on the functional potential of the central nervous system. Several contributions focus on recent developments in neural regeneration and brain repair, providing challenging evidence that the use of stem cell neurotherapy may be beneficial to humans suffering from various neurological and psychiatric diseases. This volume integrates new information on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuroplasticity and highlights challenging future questions in this exciting and topical area of neuroscience.
Author : Gong-Ping Liu,Zhifang Dong,Yongjie Zhang,Peng Lei,Shupeng Li
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 147 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2022-02-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889744848
Author : Gary Fiskum
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 469 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781489902092
Proceedings of the Fifteenth Washington International Spring Symposium held at The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., May 15-17, 1995
Author : Dario Maschi,Ramiro Quinta,Carlos Cruchaga,Laura Ibanez
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 133 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2024-01-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782832542293
Synapses are complex, highly specialized biological structures. Therefore, even slight functional disturbance can lead to disruptive brain disorders. Dysfunction of these structures is associated with a variety of aging-related neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Most synaptopathies compromise complex signaling pathways by progressively affecting the synaptic protein repertoire. Currently, the treatment of most of these pathologies focuses on the mitigation of symptoms; in consequence, further efforts need to be made to elucidate the common molecular culprit and cellular mechanisms underlying the cause of these severe pathologies to serve as therapeutic targets for clinical applications. In this Research Topic, we aim to discuss synaptic dysfunction as a causal factor for aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the recent technological advances that allow identifying the individual synaptic components affected in these synaptic pathologies, we know little about how they impact the synaptic function. To promote the discussion around the molecular and functional connection, we primarily welcome original research, review, and perspective articles emphasizing the relationship between synaptic function and the proteins or mechanisms affected.
Author : Michael E. Selzer,Stephanie Clarke,Leonardo G. Cohen,Gert Kwakkel (Professor),Robert H. Miller (Professor)
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 693 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Nervous system
ISBN : 9781107011670
In two freestanding volumes, the Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation provides comprehensive coverage of the science and practice of neurological rehabilitation. Revised throughout, bringing the book fully up to date, this volume, Neural Repair and Plasticity, covers the basic sciences relevant to recovery of function following injury to the nervous system, reviewing anatomical and physiological plasticity in the normal central nervous system, mechanisms of neuronal death, axonal regeneration, stem cell biology, and research strategies targeted at axon regeneration and neuron replacement. New chapters have been added covering pathophysiology and plasticity in cerebral palsy, stem cell therapies for brain disorders and neurotrophin repair of spinal cord damage, along with numerous others. Edited and written by leading international authorities, it is an essential resource for neuroscientists and provides a foundation for the work of clinical rehabilitation professionals.
Author : Fernando A. Oliveira
Publisher : Bentham Science Publishers
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2018-09-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781681087153
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the product of the slow and progressive degenerative alteration that develops in the adult brain and can remain asymptomatic for a considerable time before cognitive deficits becomes evident. The main challenge for researchers is to identify markers of this degenerative process, and, in this sense, data has been generated through experiments bringing to light new mechanisms and hypothesis to explain its pathophysiology. This book is a review of recent studies in AD molecular biology. Chapters explain various facets of AD, which include animal models, morphological changes, membrane composition, amyloidogenic peptides, intracellular transport systems, and the role of oxidative stress and calcium deregulation. Readers will understand the molecular mechanisms behind AD and therefore broaden their perspective on this neurodegenerative disease and its progression.
Author : David R. Riddle
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2007-04-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1420005529
Recognition that aging is not the accumulation of disease, but rather comprises fundamental biological processes that are amenable to experimental study, is the basis for the recent growth of experimental biogerontology. As increasingly sophisticated studies provide greater understanding of what occurs in the aging brain and how these changes occur
Author : Ezio Giacobini
Publisher : Raven Press (ID)
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : Aging
ISBN : UOM:39015007155305
Author : Kenneth M. Heilman,Stephen E. Nadeau
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2019-12-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781108688499
This book describes the changes in the brain and in cognitive functions that occur with aging in the absence of a neurological, psychiatric, or medical disease. It discusses aging-related changes in many brain functions, including memory, language, sensory perception, motor function, creativity, attention, executive functions, emotions and mood. The neural mechanisms that may account for specific aging-related changes in cognition, perception and behavior are explored, as well as the means by which aging-related cognitive decrements can be managed and possibly ameliorated. Consequently, this book will be of value to clinicians, including neurologists, psychiatrists, geriatricians, primary care physicians, psychologists and speech-language pathologists. In addition, researchers and graduate students who want to learn about the aging brain will find this an indispensable guide.
Author : Robert Vink,Mihai Nechifor
Publisher : University of Adelaide Press
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780987073051
The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.
Author : Orly Lazarov,Giuseppina Tesco
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2016-02-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128028858
Genes, Environment and Alzheimer's Disease discusses the role that activities such as exercise can play in cardiovascular health, while also highlighting the fact that the last 10 years have brought great discoveries in the strong environmental component of brain disorders, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. It is now clear that brain insult is an environmental risk factor for AD, while on the other hand, lifestyle components such as exercise and level of education may play a protective role, delaying the onset and/or severity of the disease. Evidence from experiments in rodent models of Alzheimer’s disease contributes major insight into the molecular mechanisms by which the environment plays its role in AD. Additionally, there are diseases related to lifestyle that may lead to AD. This volume reviews new discoveries related to all these factors, serving as a translational tool for clinicians and researchers interested in genetic and environmental risk factors for the disease. Provides the first volume to link genetic and environmental risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and dementia Aids researchers and clinicians in understanding the basic mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive decline Brings the basic science and clinical perspectives together in a single volume, facilitating translational possibilities Includes a range of molecular to behavioral components assembled into a single volume that creates an excellent resource for basic and clinical neuroscientists