Molecular Strategies Of Creatures To Survive In Acidic Environments

Author : Hiroshi Kobayashi
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2021-07-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781527572614

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Molecular Strategies of Creatures to Survive in Acidic Environments by Hiroshi Kobayashi Pdf

Creatures often suffer changes in conditions of their surroundings from the womb to the tomb through the climate alterations and their own movements, and may have various strategies in place to overcome such environmental changes. Among the conditions they encounter, the pH of environments surrounding creatures varies dramatically during lifespans, especially in microorganisms. In humans, the skin covering the body prevents acidification inside the body, and cells are surrounded by body fluid whose pH is kept at 7.4. Nevertheless, pH surrounding cells is often acidified, especially diseased areas, such as cancer nests, inflammatory loci, and infarction areas. Life sciences at the molecular level have been focused on studies in near neutral pH conditions because neutral pH is favourable for many creatures. For a deeper understanding of life, it is essential to clarify molecular mechanisms of how organisms and cells keep their activities when their surroundings are acidified, in the “acidic world”. This book summarises the current achievements concerning how cellular functions are kept in acidic environments for a wide range of living organisms, from bacteria to humans. Research results obtained to date allow the prediction that all creatures have different sets of genes and use them under different pH conditions. However, we only know little about the “acidic world”, and a huge number of uncovered questions are waiting to be resolved. Their elucidation would help to open up a new way of understanding life.

Author : Bruce Alberts
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Cytology
ISBN : 0815332181

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Molecular Biology of The Cell by Bruce Alberts Pdf

Author : Pabulo H. Rampelotto
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 1 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2018-10-01
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9783038421771

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Extremophiles and Extreme Environments by Pabulo H. Rampelotto Pdf

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Extremophiles and Extreme Environments" that was published in Life

Author : Frans J. de Bruijn
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1460 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2016-09-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119004882

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Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria, 2 Volume Set by Frans J. de Bruijn Pdf

Bacteria in various habitats are subject to continuously changing environmental conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, heat and cold stress, UV radiation, oxidative stress, dessication, acid stress, nitrosative stress, cell envelope stress, heavy metal exposure, osmotic stress, and others. In order to survive, they have to respond to these conditions by adapting their physiology through sometimes drastic changes in gene expression. In addition they may adapt by changing their morphology, forming biofilms, fruiting bodies or spores, filaments, Viable But Not Culturable (VBNC) cells or moving away from stress compounds via chemotaxis. Changes in gene expression constitute the main component of the bacterial response to stress and environmental changes, and involve a myriad of different mechanisms, including (alternative) sigma factors, bi- or tri-component regulatory systems, small non-coding RNA’s, chaperones, CHRIS-Cas systems, DNA repair, toxin-antitoxin systems, the stringent response, efflux pumps, alarmones, and modulation of the cell envelope or membranes, to name a few. Many regulatory elements are conserved in different bacteria; however there are endless variations on the theme and novel elements of gene regulation in bacteria inhabiting particular environments are constantly being discovered. Especially in (pathogenic) bacteria colonizing the human body a plethora of bacterial responses to innate stresses such as pH, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and antibiotic stress are being described. An attempt is made to not only cover model systems but give a broad overview of the stress-responsive regulatory systems in a variety of bacteria, including medically important bacteria, where elucidation of certain aspects of these systems could lead to treatment strategies of the pathogens. Many of the regulatory systems being uncovered are specific, but there is also considerable “cross-talk” between different circuits. Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria is a comprehensive two-volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in stress and environmental control of gene expression in bacteria. Volume One contains key overview chapters, as well as content on one/two/three component regulatory systems and stress responses, sigma factors and stress responses, small non-coding RNAs and stress responses, toxin-antitoxin systems and stress responses, stringent response to stress, responses to UV irradiation, SOS and double stranded systems repair systems and stress, adaptation to both oxidative and osmotic stress, and desiccation tolerance and drought stress. Volume Two covers heat shock responses, chaperonins and stress, cold shock responses, adaptation to acid stress, nitrosative stress, and envelope stress, as well as iron homeostasis, metal resistance, quorum sensing, chemotaxis and biofilm formation, and viable but not culturable (VBNC) cells. Covering the full breadth of current stress and environmental control of gene expression studies and expanding it towards future advances in the field, these two volumes are a one-stop reference for (non) medical molecular geneticists interested in gene regulation under stress.

Author : Yi-Wei Tang,Max Sussman,Dongyou Liu,Ian Poxton,Joseph Schwartzman
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 2216 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2014-09-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780123977632

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Molecular Medical Microbiology by Yi-Wei Tang,Max Sussman,Dongyou Liu,Ian Poxton,Joseph Schwartzman Pdf

The molecular age has brought about dramatic changes in medical microbiology, and great leaps in our understanding of the mechanisms of infectious disease. Molecular Medical Microbiology is the first book to synthesise the many new developments in both molecular and clinical research in a single comprehensive resource. This timely and authoritative three-volume work is an invaluable reference source of medical bacteriology. Comprising more than 100 chapters, organized into 17 major sections, the scope of this impressive work is wide-ranging. Written by experts in the field, chapters include cutting-edge information, and clinical overviews for each major bacterial group, in addition to the latest updates on vaccine development, molecular technology and diagnostic technology. Topics covered include bacterial structure, cell function, and genetics; mechanisms of pathogenesis and prevention; antibacterial agents; and infections ranging from gastrointestinal to urinary tract, centrtal nervous system, respiratory tract, and more. The first comprehensive and accessible reference on molecular medical microbiology Full color presentation througout In-depth discussion of individual pathogenic bacteria in a system-oriented approach Includes a clinical overview for each major bacterial group Presents the latest information on vaccine development, molecular technology, and diagnostic technology More than 100 chapters covering all major groups of bacteria Written by an international panel of authors who are experts in their respective disciplines

Author : Shymaa Enany,Mohamed Elhadidy,Alessandra Piccirillo,Piotr Tryjanowski
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 135 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2021-12-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889718580

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The Role of Environmental Reservoirs in Campylobacter-mediated Infection by Shymaa Enany,Mohamed Elhadidy,Alessandra Piccirillo,Piotr Tryjanowski Pdf

Author : Edward Bittar
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1996-01-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080528762

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Cell Chemistry and Physiology: by Edward Bittar Pdf

This is the first of a 4-volume module that is an introduction to the study of cell chemistry and physiology. It is not intended to be encyclopedic in nature but rather a general survey of the subject with an emphasis on those topics that are central to an understanding of cell biology and those that are certain to become of increasing importance in the teaching of modern medicine. We have followed what appeared to as to be the logical divisions of the subject beginning with proteins. Allewell and her colleagues stress the point that proteins fold spontaneously to form complex three-dimensional structures and that some of them unfold with the help of proteins called chaperones. Michaelis-Menten kinetics are shown by Nelsestuen to describe the behaviour of enzymes in the test tube. The formalism is particularly useful in the search for agents of therapeutic value, as exemplified by methotrexate. Uptake by mammalian cells of substrates and their metabolic conversions are discussed by van der Vusse and Reneman. However, both Welch and Savageau expound the view that the cell is not simply a bagful of enzymes. The biologist is urged by Savageau to abandon Michaelis-Menten formalism and apply the Power Law. The biologist is also told that the approach to arriving at a theory of metabolic control would have to be one of successive approximations requiring the use of the computer. Information gained from comparative biochemistry is shown by Storey and Brooks to have shed new light on mechanisms of metabolic rate depression and freeze tolerance, and to be applicable to organ transplantation technology. We are reminded that enzyme adaptation is partly the result of the presence of a hydrating shell of vicinal water that stabilises conformation of the enzyme. Vicinal water, according to Drost-Hausen and Singleton, lies adjacent to most solids and protein interfaces. The kinks or breaks observed in the slope of the Arrhenius plot are attributed to structural changes in vicinal water. Regulation of cell volume is shown by Hempling to involve regulation of cell water. It could be that the osmo-receptor or volume detection system is a protein that links the cytoskeleton to specific K and C1 channels. Additionally, it is interesting that aquaporins, which are water channel-forming membrane proteins, are now known to exist in both renal and extra-renal tissues. One of the renal porins is affected by vasopressin. We then pass on to protein synthesis (Rattan) and other important topics including protein glycosylation (Hounsell), methylation (Clarke), ADP-ribosylation (Pearson) and prenylation (Gelb). Among the four types of lipids attached to membrane proteins are the prenyl groups. Ford and Gross in their chapter on lipobiology drive home the point that there is an accumulation of acyl carnitine and lysophospholipids during myocardial infarction.

Author : Sajal Ray
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2017-08-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789535133056

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Organismal and Molecular Malacology by Sajal Ray Pdf

The book with two sections represents the current trend of research in basic and applied malacology. In the section "Organismal Malacology", high-impact articles were contributed in the frontier areas of taxonomy, ecology and aquaculture of molluscs. Importance of mussel in water quality monitoring was highlighted. Biology and conservation of keystone molluscs were discussed from organismal point of view. "Cellular and Molecular Biology" section contains informative chapters on toxin-induced differential gene expression, spatiotemporal neural activity in olfactory processing in slug and immunity of hydrothermal vent molluscs. Biochemistry of cellulose degradation, lipid profile and C-reactive protein were elucidated in detail in separate chapters. This book represents a rich source of malacological information for the scientists, teachers and students.

Author : Joseph Marr,Tim W. Nilsen,Richard W. Komuniecki
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2002-12-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780080491912

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Molecular Medical Parasitology by Joseph Marr,Tim W. Nilsen,Richard W. Komuniecki Pdf

A valuable, new source, Molecular Medical Parasitology is the only text of its kind -- one that applies broad concepts and current scientific advances from both molecular biology and biochemistry to the study of parasitic organisms. An internationally renowned team of scientists and physicians places parasites in their broad biological contexts while still emphasizing the specifics that differentiate these organisms. Not only will researchers and faculty in parasitology find this an indispensable guide, physicians will benefit from the thorough coverage molecular biology and biochemistry's current influences on treatment and management of parasitic diseases. Features the most up-to-date scientific methods behind the medical management of parasitic diseases Applies the most current synthesis of molecular biology and biochemistry to parasitic organisms Contains many informative figures and clear illustrations

Author : Daniel Hernandez-Patlan,Bruno Solis-Cruz,Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2023-06-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782832526453

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Technological strategies to improve animal health and production by Daniel Hernandez-Patlan,Bruno Solis-Cruz,Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Pdf

Author : William R. Jacobs, Jr.,Helen McShane,Valerie Mizrahi,Ian M. Orme
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 741 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2020-07-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781555819569

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Tuberculosis and the Tubercle Bacillus by William R. Jacobs, Jr.,Helen McShane,Valerie Mizrahi,Ian M. Orme Pdf

Can today's innovative practices and molecular tools tame this ancient disease? One third of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis (TB), with about 10 million new cases annually. To combat TB and its agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the World Health Organization launched The End TB Strategy, which aims to slash the suffering and cost of TB by 2035. This makes the second edition of Tuberculosis and the Tubercle Bacillus, edited by Jacobs, McShane, Mizrahi, and Orme, an extremely valuable resource for scientists and clinicians. The editors have gathered their colleagues from around the world to present the latest on the molecular biology of M. tuberculosis and related species, the host-pathogen interactions that enable invasion, and the host's immune response to M. tuberculosis infection. The basic, clinical, and translational research presented in this book supports the goals of WHO's End TB Strategy by driving toward the development of effective vaccines, rapid molecular diagnostics, and anti-TB drugs. Creating an effective tuberculosis vaccine. Understand the innate and adaptive immune response to M. tuberculosis infection, its study in established animal models, and how this information is being used to develop new vaccines against TB. Formulating new antituberculosis drugs. Learn the challenges and methods for evaluating new drugs in preclinical trials with a focus on drugs that work against "persisters" and those that act on the electron transport complex and ATP synthase of M. tuberculosis. Overcoming the challenges of diagnosing tuberculosis. Review new diagnostic tools that are simple, rapid, affordable, specific, sensitive, and safe, including molecular-based diagnostic methods such as GeneXpert MTB/RIF. Using molecular, genomic, and bioinformatics tools to understand the biology and evolution of Mycobacterium. Explore current research on the molecular mechanisms that M. tuberculosis uses to evade the immune system, enter a state of nonreplicating persistence, and become reactivated. The second edition of Tuberculosis and the Tubercle Bacillus presents the latest research on a microorganism that is exquisitely well adapted to its human host. This pathogen continues to confound scientists, clinicians, and public health specialists, who will all find much valuable information in this comprehensive set of reviews.

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Food and Nutrition Board,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Identifying and Assessing Unintended Effects of Genetically Engineered Foods on Human Health
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2004-07-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309166157

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Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Food and Nutrition Board,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Identifying and Assessing Unintended Effects of Genetically Engineered Foods on Human Health Pdf

Assists policymakers in evaluating the appropriate scientific methods for detecting unintended changes in food and assessing the potential for adverse health effects from genetically modified products. In this book, the committee recommended that greater scrutiny should be given to foods containing new compounds or unusual amounts of naturally occurring substances, regardless of the method used to create them. The book offers a framework to guide federal agencies in selecting the route of safety assessment. It identifies and recommends several pre- and post-market approaches to guide the assessment of unintended compositional changes that could result from genetically modified foods and research avenues to fill the knowledge gaps.

Author : Michael P. Doyle,Francisco Diez-Gonzalez,Colin Hill
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1100 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2020-07-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781555819972

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Food Microbiology by Michael P. Doyle,Francisco Diez-Gonzalez,Colin Hill Pdf

Since its introduction in 1997, the purpose of Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers has been to serve as an advanced reference that explores the breadth and depth of food microbiology. Thoroughly updated, the new Fifth Edition adds coverage of the ever-expanding tool chest of new and extraordinary molecular methods to address many of the roles that microorganisms play in the production, preservation, and safety of foods. Sections in this valuable reference cover material of special significance to food microbiology such as: stress response mechanisms, spores, and the use of microbiological criteria and indicator organisms commodity-oriented discussion of types of microbial food spoilage and approaches for their control the major foodborne pathogens, including diseases, virulence mechanisms, control measures, and up-to-date details on molecular biology techniques state-of-the-science information on food preservation approaches, including natural antimicrobials and the use of bacteriophages in controlling foodborne pathogens beneficial microbes used in food fermentations and to promote human and animal health updated chapters on current topics such as antimicrobial resistance, predictive microbiology, and risk assessment This respected reference provides up-to-the-minute scientific and technical insights into food production and safety, readily available in one convenient source.

Author : Richa Salwan,Vivek Sharma
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128183236

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Physiological and Biotechnological Aspects of Extremophiles by Richa Salwan,Vivek Sharma Pdf

Physiological and Biotechnological Aspects of Extremophiles highlights the current and topical areas of research in this rapidly growing field. Expert authors from around the world provide the latest insights into the mechanisms of these fascinating organisms use to survive.The vast majority of extremophiles are microbes which include archaea, bacteria and some eukaryotes. These microbes live under chemical and physical extremes that are usually lethal to cellular molecules, yet they manage to survive and even thrive. Extremophiles have important practical uses. They are a valuable source of industrially important enzymes and recent research has revealed novel mechanisms and biomolecular structures with a broad range of potential applications in biotechnology, biomining, and bioremediation.Aimed at research scientists, students, microbiologists, and biotechnologists, this book is an essential reading for scientists working with extremophiles and a recommended reference text for anyone interested in the microbiology, bioprospecting, biomining, biofuels, and extremozymes of these organisms. Shows the implications of the physiological adaptations of microbes from extreme habitats that are largely contributed by their biomolecules from basic to applied research Provides in-depth knowledge of genomic plasticity and proteome of different extremophiles Gives detailed and comprehensive insight about use of genetic engineering as well as genome editing for industrial applications

Author : Samantha Fowler,Rebecca Roush,James Wise
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 618 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2018-01-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9888407457

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Concepts of Biology by Samantha Fowler,Rebecca Roush,James Wise Pdf

Concepts of Biology is designed for the single-semester introduction to biology course for non-science majors, which for many students is their only college-level science course. As such, this course represents an important opportunity for students to develop the necessary knowledge, tools, and skills to make informed decisions as they continue with their lives. Rather than being mired down with facts and vocabulary, the typical non-science major student needs information presented in a way that is easy to read and understand. Even more importantly, the content should be meaningful. Students do much better when they understand why biology is relevant to their everyday lives. For these reasons, Concepts of Biology is grounded on an evolutionary basis and includes exciting features that highlight careers in the biological sciences and everyday applications of the concepts at hand.We also strive to show the interconnectedness of topics within this extremely broad discipline. In order to meet the needs of today's instructors and students, we maintain the overall organization and coverage found in most syllabi for this course. A strength of Concepts of Biology is that instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. Concepts of Biology also includes an innovative art program that incorporates critical thinking and clicker questions to help students understand--and apply--key concepts.