Moral Judgments Normative Reasons And The Motivation Of The Practically Rational

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Ethics and Practical Reason

Garrett Cullity,Berys Gaut
Ethics and Practical Reason Book PDF

Author : Garrett Cullity,Berys Gaut
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1997-11-20
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780191583575

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Ethics and Practical Reason by Garrett Cullity,Berys Gaut Pdf

These thirteen new, specially written essays by a distinguished international line-up of contributors, including some leading contemporary moral philosophers, give a rich and varied view of current work on ethics and practical reason. The three main perspectives on the topic, Kantian, Humean, and Aristotelian, are all well represented. The editors' introduction provides a valuable introductory survey of the topic, putting the individual essays in context. Ethics and Practical Reason will be essential reading for scholars, postgraduates, and upper-level undergraduates working in this area. - ;These thirteen new, specially written essays by a distinguished international line-up of contributors, including some leading contemporary moral philosophers, give a rich and varied view of current work on ethics and practical reason. The three main perspectives on the topic, Kantian, Humean, and Aristotelian, are all well represented. Issues covered include: the connection between reason and motivation; the source of moral reasons and their relation to reasons of self-interest; the relation of practical reason to value, to freedom, to responsibility, and to feelings. The editors' introduction provides a valuable introductory survey of the topic, putting the individual essays in context. Ethics and Practical Reason will be essential reading for scholars, postgraduates, and upper-level undergraduates working in this area. -

Reasons for Action

B.C. Postow
Reasons for Action Book PDF

Author : B.C. Postow
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401728508

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Reasons for Action by B.C. Postow Pdf

2 first-person point of view, I acknowledge these possible handicaps and try to overcome them. Other people may coherently judge that I am incapable of figuring out correctly what I rationally ought to do, or they may inform me of reasons of which I had heretofore been ignorant, or they may try to help me overcome intellectual hindrances. Like me, these people would be assuming that the goal is to identify what I really rationally ought to do. Nevertheless, we are concerned with reasons for the agent to act in a certain way, rather than with reasons, say, for someone to want it to be the case that the agent act. Thus to be a reason in our sense is to be a consideration which has an appropriate guiding role to play in the. agents deliberation. (An agent is guided by reasons if she determines what to do in light of the reasons. ) Suppose then that a nor mative theory says that it is supremely desirable, or that it rationally ought to be the case, that agents act in a way that maximizes the general utility, but that (since the general utility is never in fact maximized by those who pay attention to it) considerations of the general utility should play no role in the agents' deliberation. Such a theory would not be said to ascribe to agents a reason to maximize the general utility on our usage.

Reasons for Action

David Sobel,Steven Wall
Reasons for Action Book PDF

Author : David Sobel,Steven Wall
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 533 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2009-04-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781139474399

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Reasons for Action by David Sobel,Steven Wall Pdf

What are our reasons for acting? Morality purports to give us these reasons, and so do norms of prudence and the laws of society. The theory of practical reason assesses the authority of these potentially competing claims, and for this reason philosophers with a wide range of interests have converged on the topic of reasons for action. This volume contains eleven essays on practical reason by leading and emerging philosophers. Topics include the differences between practical and theoretical rationality, practical conditionals and the wide-scope ought, the explanation of action, the sources of reasons, and the relationship between morality and reasons for action. The volume will be essential reading for all philosophers interested in ethics and practical reason.

Brute Rationality

Joshua Gert
Brute Rationality Book PDF

Author : Joshua Gert
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2004-08-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781139454155

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Brute Rationality by Joshua Gert Pdf

This book presents an account of normative practical reasons and the way in which they contribute to the rationality of action. Rather than simply 'counting in favour of' actions, normative reasons play two logically distinct roles: requiring action and justifying action. The distinction between these two roles explains why some reasons do not seem relevant to the rational status of an action unless the agent cares about them, while other reasons retain all their force regardless of the agent's attitude. It also explains why the class of rationally permissible action is wide enough to contain not only all morally required action, but also much selfish and immoral action. The book will appeal to a range of readers interested in practical reason in particular, and moral theory more generally.

Practical Reasoning and Ethical Decision

Robert Audi
Practical Reasoning and Ethical Decision Book PDF

Author : Robert Audi
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2006-03-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134219216

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Practical Reasoning and Ethical Decision by Robert Audi Pdf

Presenting the most comprehensive and lucid account of the topic currently available, Robert Audi's "Practical Reasoning and Ethical Decision" is essential reading for anyone interested in the role of reason in ethics or the nature of human action. The first part of the book is a detailed critical overview of the influential theories of practical reasoning found in Aristotle, Hume and Kant, whilst the second part examines practical reasoning in the light of important topics in moral psychology - weakness of will, self-deception, rationalization and others. In the third part, Audi describes the role of moral principles in practical reasoning and clarifies the way practical reasoning underlies ethical decisions. He formulates a comprehensive set of concrete ethical principles, explains how they apply to reasoning about what to do, and shows how practical reasoning guides moral conduct.

Normativity and the Will

R. Jay Wallace
Normativity and the Will Book PDF

Author : R. Jay Wallace
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2006-03-16
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191536991

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Normativity and the Will by R. Jay Wallace Pdf

Normativity and the Will collects fourteen important _ papers on moral psychology and practical reason by R. Jay _ Wallace, one of the leading philosophers currently working_ in these areas. The papers explore the interpenetration of normative and _ psychological issues in a series of debates that lie at the heart of moral philosophy. Part I, Reason, Desire, and the_ Will, discusses the nexus linking normativity to motivation, including the relations between desire and reasons, the role of normative considerations in explanations of action, and_ the normative commitments involved in willing an end (such_ as the requirement to adopt the necessary means). Part II,_ Responsibility, Identification, and Emotion, looks at _ questions about the rational capacities presupposed by _ accountable agency and the psychic factors that both inhibit and enable identification with what we do. It includes an interpretation of the Nietzschean claim that ressentiment is among the sources of modern moral consciousness. Part III,_ Morality and Other Normative Domains, addresses the _ structure of moral reasons and moral motivation, and the _ relations between moral demands and other normative domains (including especially the requirements of living a _ meaningful human life). _ _ Wallace's treatments of these topics are at once _ sophisticated and engaging. Taken together, they constitute an advertisement for a distinctive way of pursuing issues in moral psychology and the theory of practical reason. The _ book articulates and defends a unified framework for _ thinking about those issues, while offering sustained _ critical discussions of other influential approaches (by _ philosophers such as Korsgaard, McDowell, Nietzsche, Raz, Scanlon, and Williams). It should be of interest to every _ serious student of moral philosophy. _

Reasons and the Good

Roger Crisp
Reasons and the Good Book PDF

Author : Roger Crisp
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2006-08-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191537356

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Reasons and the Good by Roger Crisp Pdf

In Reasons and the Good Roger Crisp answers some of the oldest questions in moral philosophy. Claiming that a fundamental issue in normative ethics is what ultimate reasons for action we might have, he argues that the best statements of such reasons will not employ moral concepts. He investigates and explains the nature of reasons themselves; his account of how we come to know them combines an intuitionist epistemology with elements of Pyrrhonist scepticism. He defends a hedonistic theory of well-being and an account of practical reason according to which we can give some, though not overriding, priority to our own good over that of others. The book develops original lines of argument within a framework of some traditional but currently less popular views.

Contemporary Debates in Moral Theory

James Dreier
Contemporary Debates in Moral Theory Book PDF

Author : James Dreier
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2009-02-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781405150262

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Contemporary Debates in Moral Theory by James Dreier Pdf

Contemporary Debates in Moral Theory features pairs of newly commissioned essays by some of the leading theorists working in the field today. Brings together fresh debates on the most controversial issues in moral theory Questions include: Are moral requirements derived from reason? How demanding is morality? Are virtues the proper starting point for moral theorizing? Lively debate format sharply defines the issues, and paves the way for further discussion. Will serve as an accessible introduction to the major topics in contemporary moral theory, while also capturing the imagination of professional philosophers.

The Many Moral Rationalisms

Karen Jones,François Schroeter
The Many Moral Rationalisms Book PDF

Author : Karen Jones,François Schroeter
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2018-06-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192517463

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The Many Moral Rationalisms by Karen Jones,François Schroeter Pdf

Moral rationalism takes human reason and human rationality to be the key elements in an explanation of the nature of morality, moral judgment, and moral knowledge. This volume explores the resources of this rich philosophical tradition. Thirteen original essays, framed by the editors' introduction, critically examine the four core theses of moral rationalism: (i) the psychological thesis that reason is the source of moral judgment, (ii) the metaphysical thesis that moral requirements are constituted by the deliverances of practical reason, (iii) the epistemological thesis that moral requirements are knowable a priori, and (iv) the normative thesis that moral requirements entail valid reasons for action. The five essays in Part I ('Normativity') offer contemporary defences or reconstructions of Kant's attempt to ground the normative thesis, that moral requirements entail valid reasons for action, in the nature of practical reason and practical rationality. The four essays in Part II ('Epistemology & Meaning') consider the viability of claims to a priori moral knowledge. The authors of all four essays are sympathetic to a realist moral metaphysics, and thus forgo the straightforward constructivist road to apriority. The four essays in Part III ('Psychology') each grapple with the implications for rationalism of the role of emotions and unconscious processes in moral judgement and action. Together the essays demonstrate that moral rationalism identifies not a single philosophical position but rather a family of philosophical positions, which resemble traditional rationalism, as exemplified by Kant, to varying degrees.

Moral Motivation

Iakovos Vasiliou
Moral Motivation Book PDF

Author : Iakovos Vasiliou
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2016-05-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190610913

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Moral Motivation by Iakovos Vasiliou Pdf

Moral Motivation presents a history of the concept of moral motivation. The book consists of ten chapters by eminent scholars in the history of philosophy, covering Plato, Aristotle, later Peripatetic philosophy, medieval philosophy, Spinoza, Locke, Hume, Kant, Fichte and Hegel, and the consequentialist tradition. In addition, four interdisciplinary "Reflections" discuss how the topic of moral motivation arises in epic poetry, Cicero, early opera, and Theodore Dreiser. Most contemporary philosophical discussions of moral motivation focus on whether and how moral beliefs by themselves motivate an agent (at least to some degree) to act. In much of the history of the concept, especially before Hume, the focus is rather on how to motivate people to act morally as well as on what sort of motivation a person must act from (or what end an agents acts for) in order to be a genuinely ethical person or even to have done a genuinely ethical action. The book shows the complexity of the historical treatment of moral motivation and, moreover, how intertwined moral motivation is with central aspects of ethical theory.

Moral Knowledge and Ethical Character

Robert Audi Professor of Philosophy University of Nebraska
Moral Knowledge and Ethical Character Book PDF

Author : Robert Audi Professor of Philosophy University of Nebraska
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1997-08-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198027416

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Moral Knowledge and Ethical Character by Robert Audi Professor of Philosophy University of Nebraska Pdf

This book offers a unified collection of published and unpublished papers by Robert Audi, a renowned defender of the rationalist position in ethics. Taken together, the essays present a vigorous, broadly-based argument in moral epistemology and a related account of reasons for action and their bearing on moral justification and moral character. Part I details Audi's compelling moral epistemology while Part II offers a unique vision of ethical concepts and an account of moral explanation, as well as a powerful model of moral realism. Part III extends this account of moral explanation to moral responsibility for both actions and character and to the relation between virtue and the actions that express it. Part IV elaborates a theory of reasons for action that locates them in relation to three of their traditionally major sources: desire, moral judgment, and value. Clear and illuminating, Audi's introduction outlines and interconnects the self-contained but cumulatively arranged essays. It also places them in relation to classical and contemporary literature, and directs readers to large segments of thematically connected material spread throughout the book. Audi ends with a powerfully synthetic final essay.

The Externalist Challenge

Richard Schantz
The Externalist Challenge Book PDF

Author : Richard Schantz
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 533 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2011-08-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110915273

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The Externalist Challenge by Richard Schantz Pdf

The debate between internalism and externalism has become a focal point of attention both in epistemology and in the philosophy of mind and language. Externalism challenges basic traditional internalist conceptions of the nature of knowledge, justification, thought and language. What is at stake, is the very form that theories in epistemology and the philosophy of mind ought to take. This volume is a collection of original contributions of leading international authors reflecting on the present state of the art concerning the exciting controversies between internalism and externalism.

Motivational Internalism

Gunnar Björnsson,Fredrik Björklund,Caj Strandberg,John Eriksson,Ragnar Francén Olinder
Motivational Internalism Book PDF

Author : Gunnar Björnsson,Fredrik Björklund,Caj Strandberg,John Eriksson,Ragnar Francén Olinder
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2015-02-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190266622

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Motivational Internalism by Gunnar Björnsson,Fredrik Björklund,Caj Strandberg,John Eriksson,Ragnar Francén Olinder Pdf

Motivational internalism-the idea that there is an intrinsic or necessary connection between moral judgment and moral motivation-is a central thesis in a number of metaethical debates. In conjunction with a Humean picture of motivation, it provides a challenge for cognitivist theories that take moral judgments to concern objective aspects of reality. Versions of internalism have potential implications for moral absolutism, realism, non-naturalism, and rationalism. Being a constraint on more detailed conceptions of moral motivation and moral judgment, it is also directly relevant to wider issues in moral psychology. But internalism is a controversial thesis, and the apparent possibility of amoralists and the rejection of strong forms of internalism have also been seen as problems for non-cognitivists. This volume's thirteen new essays and introduction are meant to help readers appreciate state-of-the-art of research on internalism, to identify connections between various aspects of the debate, and to deepen discussion of a number of central aspects of metaethics. The introductory chapter provides a structured overview of the debate with a focus on the last two decades, while the book's three main sections focus on what evidence there is for or against various versions of internalism, the relevance of versions of internalism for wider metaethical issues, and different ways of accommodating both internalist and externalist aspects of moral practice, respectively.

God, Free Will, and Morality

R. Richman
God Free Will and Morality Book PDF

Author : R. Richman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789400970779

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God, Free Will, and Morality by R. Richman Pdf

"He [Francis Bacon] writes of science like a Lord Chan cellor" - William Harvey "Don't say: 'There must be something common . . . ' - but look and see" Ludwig Wittgenstein In the history of western moral philosophy since Plato, there has been a pervasive tendency for the moral theorist to wri~e, in effect, like a scientist, Le. to seek completely general prin ciples of right conduct. Of late, moreover, there has been an attempt to set forth a theory underlying the general principles, not of right conduct, admittedly, but of justice. To be sure, we are sometimes warned that the principles (which must exist?) may be too complex to be formulated. Also they may not exist prior to action - nonetheless, we are told, they serve as guides to conduct! One inight argue that Baconian inductivism provides one basis for skepticism with respect to a number of familiar epistemological problems. Thus, the skeptic argues, a certain conclusion - say, the existence of another's pain - is not justified on the basis of (behavioral) evidence either deductively or inductively, and hence it is not justified at all. Similarly, I should claim, by establishing an unattainable standard, the search for exceptionless principles may become a source of moral skepticism. After all, when con fronted with a supposed principle designed to justify a particular ix x PREFACE action, one can generally imagine a counter-example to the prin ciple without excessive difficulty.

The Moral Problem

Michael Smith
The Moral Problem Book PDF

Author : Michael Smith
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1994-12-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0631192468

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The Moral Problem by Michael Smith Pdf

This widely anticipated volume offers a systematic introduction to and striking analysis of the central issues animating current debate in moral philosophy.