Motivational Internalism

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Motivational Internalism

Author : Gunnar Björnsson,Fredrik Björklund,Caj Strandberg,John Eriksson,Ragnar Francén Olinder
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2015-01-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199367962

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Motivational Internalism by Gunnar Björnsson,Fredrik Björklund,Caj Strandberg,John Eriksson,Ragnar Francén Olinder Pdf

Motivational internalism-the idea that there is an intrinsic or necessary connection between moral judgment and moral motivation-is a central thesis in a number of metaethical debates. In conjunction with a Humean picture of motivation, it provides a challenge for cognitivist theories that take moral judgments to concern objective aspects of reality. Versions of internalism have potential implications for moral absolutism, realism, non-naturalism, and rationalism. Being a constraint on more detailed conceptions of moral motivation and moral judgment, it is also directly relevant to wider issues in moral psychology. But internalism is a controversial thesis, and the apparent possibility of amoralists and the rejection of strong forms of internalism have also been seen as problems for non-cognitivists. This volume's thirteen new essays and introduction are meant to help readers appreciate state-of-the-art of research on internalism, to identify connections between various aspects of the debate, and to deepen discussion of a number of central aspects of metaethics. The introductory chapter provides a structured overview of the debate with a focus on the last two decades, while the book's three main sections focus on what evidence there is for or against various versions of internalism, the relevance of versions of internalism for wider metaethical issues, and different ways of accommodating both internalist and externalist aspects of moral practice, respectively.

Motivational Internalism

Author : Gunnar Björnsson,Fredrik Björklund,Caj Strandberg,John Eriksson,Ragnar Francén Olinder
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2015-02-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190266622

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Motivational Internalism by Gunnar Björnsson,Fredrik Björklund,Caj Strandberg,John Eriksson,Ragnar Francén Olinder Pdf

Motivational internalism-the idea that there is an intrinsic or necessary connection between moral judgment and moral motivation-is a central thesis in a number of metaethical debates. In conjunction with a Humean picture of motivation, it provides a challenge for cognitivist theories that take moral judgments to concern objective aspects of reality. Versions of internalism have potential implications for moral absolutism, realism, non-naturalism, and rationalism. Being a constraint on more detailed conceptions of moral motivation and moral judgment, it is also directly relevant to wider issues in moral psychology. But internalism is a controversial thesis, and the apparent possibility of amoralists and the rejection of strong forms of internalism have also been seen as problems for non-cognitivists. This volume's thirteen new essays and introduction are meant to help readers appreciate state-of-the-art of research on internalism, to identify connections between various aspects of the debate, and to deepen discussion of a number of central aspects of metaethics. The introductory chapter provides a structured overview of the debate with a focus on the last two decades, while the book's three main sections focus on what evidence there is for or against various versions of internalism, the relevance of versions of internalism for wider metaethical issues, and different ways of accommodating both internalist and externalist aspects of moral practice, respectively.

Contemporary Debates in Moral Theory

Author : James Dreier
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2009-02-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781405150262

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Contemporary Debates in Moral Theory by James Dreier Pdf

Contemporary Debates in Moral Theory features pairs of newly commissioned essays by some of the leading theorists working in the field today. Brings together fresh debates on the most controversial issues in moral theory Questions include: Are moral requirements derived from reason? How demanding is morality? Are virtues the proper starting point for moral theorizing? Lively debate format sharply defines the issues, and paves the way for further discussion. Will serve as an accessible introduction to the major topics in contemporary moral theory, while also capturing the imagination of professional philosophers.

The Dispositional Architecture of Epistemic Reasons

Author : Hamid Vahid
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2020-09-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000179026

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The Dispositional Architecture of Epistemic Reasons by Hamid Vahid Pdf

This book is concerned with the conditions under which epistemic reasons provide justification for beliefs. The author draws on metaethical theories of reasons and normativity and then applies his theory to various contemporary debates in epistemology. In the first part of the book, the author outlines what he calls the dispositional architecture of epistemic reasons. The author offers and defends a dispositional account of how propositional and doxastic justification are related to one another. He then argues that the dispositional view has the resources to provide an acceptable account of the notion of the basing relation. In the second part of the book, the author examines how his theory of epistemic reasons bears on the issues involving perceptual reasons. He defends dogmatism about perceptual justification against conservatism and shows how his dispositional framework illuminates certain claims of dogmatism and its adherence to justification internalism. Finally, the author applies his dispositional framework to epistemological topics including the structure of defeat, self-knowledge, reasoning, emotions and motivational internalism. The Dispositional Architecture of Epistemic Reasons demonstrates the value of employing metaethical considerations for the justification of beliefs and propositions. It will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in epistemology and metaethics.

The Authority of Reason

Author : Jean E. Hampton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1998-02-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0521556147

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The Authority of Reason by Jean E. Hampton Pdf

This challenging and provocative book argues against much contemporary orthodoxy in philosophy and the social sciences by showing why objectivity in the domain of ethics is really no different from the objectivity of scientific knowledge. Many philosophers and social scientists have challenged the idea that we act for objectively authoritative reasons. Jean Hampton takes up the challenge by undermining two central assumptions of this contemporary orthodoxy: that one can understand instrumental reasons without appeal to objective authority, and that the adoption of the scientific world view requires no such appeal. In the course of the book Jean Hampton examines moral realism, the general nature of reason and norms, internalism and externalism, instrumental reasoning, and the expected utility model of practical reasoning. The book is sure to prove to be a seminal work in the theory of rationality that will be read by a broad swathe of philosophers and social scientists.

Normativity and Naturalism

Author : Peter Schaber
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110327694

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Normativity and Naturalism by Peter Schaber Pdf

At the centre of the metaethical debate that took off from G.E. Moore's Principia Ethica (1903) was his critique of ethical naturalism. While Moore's own arguments against ethical naturalism find little acceptance these days, an alternative ground for thinking that ethical properties and facts could not be natural has gained prominence: No natural account can be given of normativity. This collection contains original essays from both sides of the debate. Representing a wide range of metaethical views, the authors develop diverse accounts of normativity and discuss what it means for a concept to be natural. Contributions are by Norbert Anwander, David Copp, Neil Roughley, Peter Schaber, Thomas Schmidt, Tatjana Tarkian, and Theo van Willigenburg.

New Waves in Ethics

Author : T. Brooks
Publisher : Springer
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2011-04-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780230305885

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New Waves in Ethics by T. Brooks Pdf

Bringing together the leading future figures in ethics broadly construed with essays ranging from metaethics and normative ethics to applied ethics and political philosophy, topics include new work on experimental philosophy, feminism, and global justice incorporating perspectives informed from historical and contemporary approaches alike.

Moral Motivation

Author : Iakovos Vasiliou
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199316571

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Moral Motivation by Iakovos Vasiliou Pdf

'Moral Motivation' provides a history of moral motivation by ten eminent scholars, covering Plato, Aristotle, Spinoza, Locke, Hume, Kant, the consequentialists and others. It shows the complexity of the historical treatment of moral motivation and, moreover, how intertwined discussion of moral motivation is with central aspects of ethical theory.

Ethics and Practical Reason

Author : Garrett Cullity,Berys Gaut
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1997-11-20
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780191583575

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Ethics and Practical Reason by Garrett Cullity,Berys Gaut Pdf

These thirteen new, specially written essays by a distinguished international line-up of contributors, including some leading contemporary moral philosophers, give a rich and varied view of current work on ethics and practical reason. The three main perspectives on the topic, Kantian, Humean, and Aristotelian, are all well represented. The editors' introduction provides a valuable introductory survey of the topic, putting the individual essays in context. Ethics and Practical Reason will be essential reading for scholars, postgraduates, and upper-level undergraduates working in this area. - ;These thirteen new, specially written essays by a distinguished international line-up of contributors, including some leading contemporary moral philosophers, give a rich and varied view of current work on ethics and practical reason. The three main perspectives on the topic, Kantian, Humean, and Aristotelian, are all well represented. Issues covered include: the connection between reason and motivation; the source of moral reasons and their relation to reasons of self-interest; the relation of practical reason to value, to freedom, to responsibility, and to feelings. The editors' introduction provides a valuable introductory survey of the topic, putting the individual essays in context. Ethics and Practical Reason will be essential reading for scholars, postgraduates, and upper-level undergraduates working in this area. -

The Scope of Autonomy

Author : Katerina Deligiorgi
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2012-05-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191631276

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The Scope of Autonomy by Katerina Deligiorgi Pdf

Katerina Deligiorgi offers a contemporary defence of autonomy that is Kantian in orientation but which engages closely with recent arguments about agency, morality, and practical reasoning. Autonomy is a key concept in contemporary moral philosophy with deep roots in the history of the subject. However, there is still no agreed view about the correct way to formulate an account of autonomy that adequately captures both our capacity for self-determination and our responsiveness to reasons. The theory defended in The Scope of Autonomy is distinctive in two respects. First, whereas autonomy has primarily been understood in terms of our relation to ourselves, Deligiorgi shows that it also centrally involves our relation to others. Identifying the intersubjective dimension of autonomy is crucial for the defence of autonomy as a morality of freedom. Second, autonomy must be treated as a composite concept and hence not capturable in simple definitions such as acting on one's higher order desires or on principles one endorses. One of the virtues of the composite picture is that it shows autonomy lying at the intersection of concerns with morality, practical rationality, and freedom. Autonomy pertains to all these areas, though it does not exactly coincide with any of them. Proving this, and so tracing the scope of autonomy, is therefore essential: Deligiorgi shows that autonomy is theoretically plausible, psychologically realistic, and morally attractive.

Moral Knowledge and Ethical Character

Author : Robert Audi
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1997-09-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780195344356

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Moral Knowledge and Ethical Character by Robert Audi Pdf

This book presents an ethical theory that uniquely integrates naturalistic and rationalistic elements. Robert Audi develops his theory in four areas: moral epistemology, the metaphysics of ethics, moral psychology, and the foundations of ethics. Comprising both new and published work, the book sets forth a moderate intuitionism, clarifies the relation between reason and motivation, constructs a theory of intrinsic value and its place in moral obligation, and presents a sophisticated account of moral justification. The concluding chapter articulates a new normative framework built from both Kantian and intuitionist elements. Connecting ethics in novel ways to both the theory of value and the philosophy of action, the essays explore topics such as ethical intuition, reason and judgement, and virtue. Audi also considers major views in the history of ethics, including those of Aristotle, Hume, Kant, Mill, Moore, and W. D. Ross, and engages contemporary work on autonomy, responsibility, objectivity, reasons, and other issues. Clear and conceptually rich, this book makes vital reading for students and scholars of ethics.

Emotions as Original Existences

Author : Demian Whiting
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2020-09-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030546823

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Emotions as Original Existences by Demian Whiting Pdf

This book defends the much-disputed view that emotions are what Hume referred to as ‘original existences’: feeling states that have no intentional or representational properties of their own. In doing so, the book serves as a valuable counterbalance to the now mainstream view that emotions are representational mental states. Beginning with a defence of a feeling theory of emotion, Whiting opens up a whole new way of thinking about the role and centrality of emotion in our lives, showing how emotion is key to a proper understanding of human motivation and the self. Whiting establishes that emotions as types of bodily feelings serve as the categorical bases for our behavioural dispositions, including those associated with moral thought, virtue, and vice. The book concludes by advancing the idea that emotions make up our intrinsic nature - the characterisation of what we are like in and of ourselves, when considered apart from how we are disposed to behave. The conclusion additionally draws out the implications of the claims made throughout the book in relation to our understanding of mental illness and the treatment of emotional disorders.

Moral Education and Development

Author : Doret J. de Ruyter,Siebren Miedema
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2012-01-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789460917165

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Moral Education and Development by Doret J. de Ruyter,Siebren Miedema Pdf

Worries about the moral standard of younger generations are of all ages. The older generation tends to believe that the moral education of young people deserves special attention, because their moral development does not reach the level adults hope for. This observation does not mean that the older generation is necessarily wrong, but what it indisputably does show is that they attach high importance to morality and moral education. But, what characterises a moral person? What influences people to behave morally? What should moral education involve? Which (inter)disciplinary contributions are relevant to improving moral education? These questions continuously deserve the attention of academics, students and (professional) educators. This book is divided into four parts. The first part focuses on interdisciplinary empirical research about the reasons why people act morally and the consequences for moral education. The primarily philosophical chapters of the second part address the question what it means to be a moral person and the implication of this elucidation for moral education. The third part contains five chapters that deal with moral aspects of sex education and civic education. The fourth part consists of one chapter that looks at the moral education of students who will work in a pedagogical or educational environment, arguing that one’s moral development requires a lifetime commitment. This book is written for a wide academic audience. The collection of chapters will be of interest to pedagogues, educational scientists, moral philosophers and moral psychologists, and to both newcomers and experts in the field.

Moral Knowledge and Ethical Character

Author : Robert Audi Professor of Philosophy University of Nebraska
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1997-08-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198027416

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Moral Knowledge and Ethical Character by Robert Audi Professor of Philosophy University of Nebraska Pdf

This book offers a unified collection of published and unpublished papers by Robert Audi, a renowned defender of the rationalist position in ethics. Taken together, the essays present a vigorous, broadly-based argument in moral epistemology and a related account of reasons for action and their bearing on moral justification and moral character. Part I details Audi's compelling moral epistemology while Part II offers a unique vision of ethical concepts and an account of moral explanation, as well as a powerful model of moral realism. Part III extends this account of moral explanation to moral responsibility for both actions and character and to the relation between virtue and the actions that express it. Part IV elaborates a theory of reasons for action that locates them in relation to three of their traditionally major sources: desire, moral judgment, and value. Clear and illuminating, Audi's introduction outlines and interconnects the self-contained but cumulatively arranged essays. It also places them in relation to classical and contemporary literature, and directs readers to large segments of thematically connected material spread throughout the book. Audi ends with a powerfully synthetic final essay.

The Routledge Handbook of Practical Reason

Author : Ruth Chang,Kurt Sylvan
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2020-12-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000337068

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The Routledge Handbook of Practical Reason by Ruth Chang,Kurt Sylvan Pdf

Over the last several decades, questions about practical reason have come to occupy the center stage in ethics and metaethics. The Routledge Handbook of Practical Reason is an outstanding reference source to this exciting and distinctive subject area and is the first volume of its kind. Comprising thirty-six chapters by an international team of contributors, the Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the field and is divided into five parts: Foundational Matters Practical Reason in the History of Philosophy Philosophy of Practical Reason as Action Theory and Moral Psychology Philosophy of Practical Reason as Theory of Practical Normativity The Philosophy of Practical Reason as the Theory of Practical Rationality The Handbook also includes two chapters by the late Derek Parfit, ‘Objectivism about Reasons’ and ‘Normative Non-Naturalism.’ The Routledge Handbook of Practical Reason is essential reading for philosophy students and researchers in metaethics, philosophy of action, action theory, ethics, and the history of philosophy.