Morals Reason And Animals

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Morals, Reason, and Animals

S. F. Sapontzis
Morals Reason and Animals Book PDF

Author : S. F. Sapontzis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1992-03-01
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0877229619

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Morals, Reason, and Animals by S. F. Sapontzis Pdf

This book criticizes the common belief that we are entitled to exploit animals for our benefit because they are not as rational as people. After discussing the moral (in)significance of reason in general, the author proceeds to develop a clear, commonsensical conception of what "animal rights" is about and why everyday morality points toward the liberation of animals as the next logical step in Western moral progress. The book evaluates criticisms of animal rights that have appeared in recent philosophical literature and explains the consequences of animal liberation for our diet, science, and treatment of the environment. The issue of animal rights has become of increasing philosophical and popular importance over the past decade. Morals. Reason, and Animals is the first extensive, second-generation contribution to this debate. Focusing exclusively on the fundamental philosophical issues, Sapontzis both undermines the arguments that have been raised against animal rights and constructs a rebuttal that avoids the pitfalls encountered by earlier defenses. Author note: S. F. Sapontzis is Professor of Philosophy at California State University, Hayward.

Animal Minds and Human Morals

Richard Sorabji
Animal Minds and Human Morals Book PDF

Author : Richard Sorabji
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2018-05-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781501717888

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Animal Minds and Human Morals by Richard Sorabji Pdf

"They don't have syntax, so we can eat them." According to Richard Sorabji, this conclusion attributed to the Stoic philosophers was based on Aristotle's argument that animals lack reason. In his fascinating, deeply learned book, Sorabji traces the roots of our thinking about animals back to Aristotelian and Stoic beliefs. Charting a recurrent theme in ancient philosophy of mind, he shows that today's controversies about animal rights represent only the most recent chapter in millennia-old debates. Sorabji surveys a vast range of Greek philosophical texts and considers how classical discussions of animals' capacities intersect with central questions, not only in ethics but in the definition of human rationality as well: the nature of concepts; how perceptions differ from beliefs; how memory, intention, and emotion relate to reason; and to what extent speech, skills, and inference can serve as proofs of reason. Focusing on the significance of ritual sacrifice and the eating of meat, he explores religious contexts of the treatment of animals in ancient Greece and in medieval Western Christendom. He also looks closely at the contemporary defenses of animal rights offered by Peter Singer, Tom Regan, and Mary Midgley. Animal Minds and Human Morals sheds new light on traditional arguments surrounding the status of animals while pointing beyond them to current moral dilemmas. It will be crucial reading for scholars and students in the fields of ancient philosophy, ethics, history of philosophy, classics, and medieval studies, and for everyone seriously concerned about our relationship with other species. A Townsend Lecture Book

Can Animals Be Moral?

Mark Rowlands
Can Animals Be Moral Book PDF

Author : Mark Rowlands
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2012-11-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199986712

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Can Animals Be Moral? by Mark Rowlands Pdf

From eye-witness accounts of elephants apparently mourning the death of family members to an experiment that showed that hungry rhesus monkeys would not take food if doing so gave another monkey an electric shock, there is much evidence of animals displaying what seem to be moral feelings. But despite such suggestive evidence, philosophers steadfastly deny that animals can act morally, and for reasons that virtually everyone has found convincing. In Can Animals be Moral?, philosopher Mark Rowlands examines the reasoning of philosophers and scientists on this question--ranging from Aristotle and Kant to Hume and Darwin--and reveals that their arguments fall far short of compelling. The basic argument against moral behavior in animals is that humans have capabilities that animals lack. We can reflect on our motivations, formulate abstract principles that allow that allow us to judge right from wrong. For an actor to be moral, he or she must be able scrutinize their motivations and actions. No animal can do these things--no animal is moral. Rowland naturally agrees that humans possess a moral consciousness that no animal can rival, but he argues that it is not necessary for an individual to have the ability to reflect on his or her motives to be moral. Animals can't do all that we can do, but they can act on the basis of some moral reasons--basic moral reasons involving concern for others. And when they do this, they are doing just what we do when we act on the basis of these reasons: They are acting morally.

The Moral Equality of Humans and Animals

Mark H Bernstein
The Moral Equality of Humans and Animals Book PDF

Author : Mark H Bernstein
Publisher : Springer
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2015-09-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781137315250

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The Moral Equality of Humans and Animals by Mark H Bernstein Pdf

Received opinion has it that humans are morally superior to non-human animals; human interests matter more than the like interests of animals and the value of human lives is alleged to be greater than the value of nonhuman animal lives. Since this belief causes mayhem and murder, its de-mythologizing requires urgent attention.

Can Animals Be Moral?

Mark Rowlands
Can Animals Be Moral Book PDF

Author : Mark Rowlands
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2015-03
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780190240301

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Can Animals Be Moral? by Mark Rowlands Pdf

From eye-witness accounts of elephants apparently mourning the death of family members to an experiment that showed that hungry rhesus monkeys would not take food if doing so gave another monkey an electric shock, there is much evidence of animals displaying what seem to be moral feelings. But despite such suggestive evidence, philosophers steadfastly deny that animals can act morally, and for reasons that virtually everyone has found convincing. In Can Animals be Moral?, philosopher Mark Rowlands examines the reasoning of philosophers and scientists on this question--ranging from Aristotle and Kant to Hume and Darwin--and reveals that their arguments fall far short of compelling. The basic argument against moral behavior in animals is that humans have capabilities that animals lack. We can reflect on our motivations, formulate abstract principles that allow that allow us to judge right from wrong. For an actor to be moral, he or she must be able scrutinize their motivations and actions. No animal can do these things--no animal is moral. Rowland naturally agrees that humans possess a moral consciousness that no animal can rival, but he argues that it is not necessary for an individual to have the ability to reflect on his or her motives to be moral. Animals can't do all that we can do, but they can act on the basis of some moral reasons--basic moral reasons involving concern for others. And when they do this, they are doing just what we do when we act on the basis of these reasons: They are acting morally.

The Moral Animal

Robert Wright
The Moral Animal Book PDF

Author : Robert Wright
Publisher : Vintage
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1995-08-29
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780679763994

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The Moral Animal by Robert Wright Pdf

One of the most provocative science books ever published—"a feast of great thinking and writing about the most profound issues there are" (The New York Times Book Review). "Fiercely intelligent, beautifully written and engrossingly original." —The New York Times Book Review Are men literally born to cheat? Does monogamy actually serve women's interests? These are among the questions that have made The Moral Animaled one of the most provocative science books in recent years. Wright unveils the genetic strategies behind everything from our sexual preferences to our office politics—as well as their implications for our moral codes and public policies. Illustrations.

Cognitive Kin, Moral Strangers? Linking Animal Cognition, Animal Ethics & Animal Welfare

Judith Benz-Schwarzburg
Cognitive Kin Moral Strangers Linking Animal Cognition Animal Ethics Animal Welfare Book PDF

Author : Judith Benz-Schwarzburg
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2019-10-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789004415072

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Cognitive Kin, Moral Strangers? Linking Animal Cognition, Animal Ethics & Animal Welfare by Judith Benz-Schwarzburg Pdf

In Cognitive Kin, Moral Strangers?, Judith Benz-Schwarzburg reveals the scope and relevance of cognitive kinship between humans and non-human animals. She presents a wide range of empirical studies on culture, language and theory of mind in animals and then leads us to ask why such complex socio-cognitive abilities in animals matter. Her focus is on ethical theory as well as on the practical ways in which we use animals. Are great apes maybe better described as non-human persons? Should we really use dolphins as entertainers or therapists? Benz-Schwarzburg demonstrates how much we know already about animals’ capabilities and needs and how this knowledge should inform the ways in which we treat animals in captivity and in the wild.

The Oxford Handbook of Animal Ethics

Tom L. Beauchamp,R.G. Frey
The Oxford Handbook of Animal Ethics Book PDF

Author : Tom L. Beauchamp,R.G. Frey
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 997 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2011-11-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780195371963

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The Oxford Handbook of Animal Ethics by Tom L. Beauchamp,R.G. Frey Pdf

Edited by Tom L. Beauchamp and R.G. Frey.

Animals and Their Moral Standing

Stephen R L Clark,Stephen R. L. Clark
Animals and Their Moral Standing Book PDF

Author : Stephen R L Clark,Stephen R. L. Clark
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2006-06-07
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134779277

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Animals and Their Moral Standing by Stephen R L Clark,Stephen R. L. Clark Pdf

Twenty years ago, people thought only cranks or sentimentalists could be seriously concerned about the treatment of non-human animals. However, since then philosophers, scientists and welfarists have raised public awareness of the issue; and they have begun to lay the foundations for an enormous change in human practice. This book is a record of the development of 'animal rights' through the eyes of one highly-respected and well-known thinker. This book brings together for the first time Stephen R.L. Clark's major essays in one volume. Written with characteristic clarity and persuasion, Animals and Their Moral Standing will be essential reading for both philosophers and scientists, as well as the general reader concerned by the debates over animal rights and treatment.

Wild Justice

Marc Bekoff,Jessica Pierce
Wild Justice Book PDF

Author : Marc Bekoff,Jessica Pierce
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2009-08-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226041667

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Wild Justice by Marc Bekoff,Jessica Pierce Pdf

Scientists have long counseled against interpreting animal behavior in terms of human emotions, warning that such anthropomorphizing limits our ability to understand animals as they really are. Yet what are we to make of a female gorilla in a German zoo who spent days mourning the death of her baby? Or a wild female elephant who cared for a younger one after she was injured by a rambunctious teenage male? Or a rat who refused to push a lever for food when he saw that doing so caused another rat to be shocked? Aren’t these clear signs that animals have recognizable emotions and moral intelligence? With Wild Justice Marc Bekoff and Jessica Pierce unequivocally answer yes. Marrying years of behavioral and cognitive research with compelling and moving anecdotes, Bekoff and Pierce reveal that animals exhibit a broad repertoire of moral behaviors, including fairness, empathy, trust, and reciprocity. Underlying these behaviors is a complex and nuanced range of emotions, backed by a high degree of intelligence and surprising behavioral flexibility. Animals, in short, are incredibly adept social beings, relying on rules of conduct to navigate intricate social networks that are essential to their survival. Ultimately, Bekoff and Pierce draw the astonishing conclusion that there is no moral gap between humans and other species: morality is an evolved trait that we unquestionably share with other social mammals. Sure to be controversial, Wild Justice offers not just cutting-edge science, but a provocative call to rethink our relationship with—and our responsibilities toward—our fellow animals.

Animals, Rights and Reason in Plutarch and Modern Ethics

Stephen T. Newmyer
Animals Rights and Reason in Plutarch and Modern Ethics Book PDF

Author : Stephen T. Newmyer
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 147 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135130589

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Animals, Rights and Reason in Plutarch and Modern Ethics by Stephen T. Newmyer Pdf

This groundbreaking volume explores Plutarch's unique survival in the argument that animals are rational and sentient, and that we, as humans, must take notice of their interests. Exploring Plutarch's three animal-related treatises, as well as passages from his ethical treatises, Stephen Newmyer examines arguments that, strikingly, foreshadow those found in the works of such prominent animal rights philosophers as Peter Singer and Tom Regan. Unique in viewing Plutarch’s opinions not only in the context of ancient philosophical and ethical through, but also in its place in the history of animal rights speculation, Animals Rights and Reasons points out how remarkably Plutarch differs from such anti-animal thinkers as the Stoics. Classicists, philosophers, animal-welfare students and interested readers will all find this book an invaluable and informative addition to their reading.

Taking Animals Seriously

David DeGrazia
Taking Animals Seriously Book PDF

Author : David DeGrazia
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1996-07-13
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0521567602

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Taking Animals Seriously by David DeGrazia Pdf

This book distinguishes itself from much of the polemical literature on these issues by offering the most judicious and well-balanced account yet available of animals' moral standing, and related questions concerning their minds and welfare. Transcending jejune debates focused on utilitarianism versus rights, the book offers a fresh methodological approach with specific and constructive conclusions about our treatment of animals. David DeGrazia provides the most thorough discussion yet of whether equal consideration should be extended to animals' interests, and examines the issues of animal minds and animal well-being with an unparalleled combination of philosophical rigor and empirical documentation. His book is an important contribution to the field of animal ethics and will be read with special interest by all philosophers teaching such courses, as well as biologists, those professionally involved with animals, and general readers concerned about animal welfare.

The Animal Question : Why Nonhuman Animals Deserve Human Rights

Paola Cavalieri
The Animal Question Why Nonhuman Animals Deserve Human Rights Book PDF

Author : Paola Cavalieri
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2003-12-24
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0199721319

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The Animal Question : Why Nonhuman Animals Deserve Human Rights by Paola Cavalieri Pdf

How much do animals matter--morally? Can we keep considering them as second class beings, to be used merely for our benefit? Or, should we offer them some form of moral egalitarianism? Inserting itself into the passionate debate over animal rights, this fascinating, provocative work by renowned scholar Paola Cavalieri advances a radical proposal: that we extend basic human rights to the nonhuman animals we currently treat as "things." Cavalieri first goes back in time, tracing the roots of the debate from the 1970s, then explores not only the ethical but also the scientific viewpoints, examining the debate's precedents in mainstream Western philosophy. She considers the main proposals of reform that recently have been advanced within the framework of today's prevailing ethical perspectives. Are these proposals satisfying? Cavalieri says no, claiming that it is necessary to go beyond the traditional opposition between utilitarianism and Kantianism and focus on the question of fundamental moral protection. In the case of human beings, such protection is granted within the widely shared moral doctrine of universal human rights' theory. Cavalieri argues that if we examine closely this theory, we will discover that its very logic extends to nonhuman animals as beings who are owed basic moral and legal rights and that, as a result, human rights are not human after all.

Animal Rights, Human Wrongs

Tom Regan
Animal Rights Human Wrongs Book PDF

Author : Tom Regan
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Page : 155 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2003-11-22
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780742599383

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Animal Rights, Human Wrongs by Tom Regan Pdf

Regan provides the theoretical framework that grounds a responsible pro-animal rights perspective, and ultimately explores how asking moral questions about other animals can lead to a better understanding of ourselves.

Applied Ethics in Animal Research

John P. Gluck,Tony DiPasquale,F. Barbara Orlans
Applied Ethics in Animal Research Book PDF

Author : John P. Gluck,Tony DiPasquale,F. Barbara Orlans
Publisher : Purdue University Press
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1557531366

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Applied Ethics in Animal Research by John P. Gluck,Tony DiPasquale,F. Barbara Orlans Pdf

This volume is a collection of chapters all contributed by individuals who have presented their ideas at conferences and who take moderate stands with the use of animals in research. Specifically the chapters bear of the issues of: notions of the moral standings of animals, history of the methods of argumentation, knowledge of the animal mind, nature and value of regulatory structures, how respect for animals can be converted from theory to action in the laboratory. The chapters have been tempered by open discussion with individuals with different opinions and not audiences of true believers. It is the hope of all, that careful consideration of the positions in these chapters will leave reader with a deepened understanding--not necessarily a hardened position.