Mountaineering Adventure Tourism And Local Communities
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Mountaineering Adventure Tourism and Local Communities by Apollo, Michal,Andreychouk, Viacheslav Pdf
This timely book explores how hiking, trekking and climbing mountains, increasingly popular leisure activities, can stimulate change and create opportunities for sustainable development. Using empirical evidence from interviews held in the Himalayas combined with a theoretical grounding, it focuses on the socio-economic and environmental issues of the impact of mountaineering adventure tourism on local communities.
Mountaineering Tourism by Michal Apollo,Yana Wengel Pdf
This book offers a critical account of the historical evolution of mountaineering and its relation to the phenomenon of tourism, providing an overview of recent developments linked to the diversification, commodification and commercialisation of mountaineering activity. Mountaineering, broadly defined as hiking, trekking and climbing, is now a mass phenomenon, with continually growing numbers of trekkers, climbers and religious tourists hiking in mountain regions. Increasing visitor numbers require the current policies to be updated. The environments around high-mountain areas and their local resident communities, until recently cut off from civilisation, are sensitive to outside influences and have been abruptly exposed to the impact of mountaineering and related activities. This is the first book to disentangle overlapping terms and definitions related to mountaineering tourism. It identifies the key terms and turning points in mountaineering tourism and discusses the impacts of mountaineering tourism from an environmental, socio-cultural and personal perspective and identifies current tourism management policies. Finally, this book provides a continuum between the past and future of mountaineering tourism and aims to provide policy suggestions for sustainable management of fragile mountain regions. This will be of great interest to upper-level students and academics of tourism, as well as industry representatives and policymakers with an interest in adventure tourism and mountaineering.
Mountaineering Tourism by Ghazali Musa,James Higham,Anna Thompson- Carr Pdf
In May 1993 the British Mountaineering Council met to discuss the future of high altitude tourism. Of concern to attendees were reports of queues on Everest and reference was made to mountaineer Peter Boardman calling Everest an ‘amphitheater of the ego’. Issues raised included environmental and social responsibility and regulations to minimize impacts. In the years that have followed there has been a surge of interest in climbing Everest, with one day in 2012 seeing 234 climbers reach the summit. Participation in mountaineering tourism has surely escalated beyond the imagination of those who attended the meeting 20 years ago. This book provides a critical and comprehensive analysis of all pertinent aspects and issues related to the development and the management of the growth area of mountaineering tourism. By doing so it explores the meaning of adventure and special reference to mountain-based adventure, the delivering of adventure experience and adventure learning and education. It further introduces examples of settings (alpine environments) where a general management framework could be applied as a baseline approach in mountaineering tourism development. Along with this general management framework, the book draws evidence from case studies derived from various mountaineering tourism development contexts worldwide, to highlight the diversity and uniqueness of management approaches, policies and practices. Written by leading academics from a range of disciplinary backgrounds, this insightful book will provide students, researchers and academics with a better understanding of the unique aspects of tourism management and development of this growing form of adventure tourism across the world.
Sustainable Mountain Tourism by World Tourism Organization (Unwto) Pdf
Mountain tourism has the potential for driving the socioeconomic growth and development of local communities. This publication presents among others a systematic definition of mountain tourism; an overview of the development in different parts of the world, and recent structural changes affecting this segment as a result of new market patterns.
Mountaineering Tourism by Ghazali Musa,James Higham,Anna Thompson- Carr Pdf
In May 1993 the British Mountaineering Council met to discuss the future of high altitude tourism. Of concern to attendees were reports of queues on Everest and reference was made to mountaineer Peter Boardman calling Everest an ‘amphitheater of the ego’. Issues raised included environmental and social responsibility and regulations to minimize impacts. In the years that have followed there has been a surge of interest in climbing Everest, with one day in 2012 seeing 234 climbers reach the summit. Participation in mountaineering tourism has surely escalated beyond the imagination of those who attended the meeting 20 years ago. This book provides a critical and comprehensive analysis of all pertinent aspects and issues related to the development and the management of the growth area of mountaineering tourism. By doing so it explores the meaning of adventure and special reference to mountain-based adventure, the delivering of adventure experience and adventure learning and education. It further introduces examples of settings (alpine environments) where a general management framework could be applied as a baseline approach in mountaineering tourism development. Along with this general management framework, the book draws evidence from case studies derived from various mountaineering tourism development contexts worldwide, to highlight the diversity and uniqueness of management approaches, policies and practices. Written by leading academics from a range of disciplinary backgrounds, this insightful book will provide students, researchers and academics with a better understanding of the unique aspects of tourism management and development of this growing form of adventure tourism across the world.
Mountain Tourism and Ecological Impacts: Himalayan Region and Beyond by Biswas, Soumendra Nath,Kumar, Pradip Pdf
The Himalayas, with their grandeur and cultural richness, magnetize global travelers searching for an escape from the ordinary. However, behind this allure lies an ecological responsibility and sustainability imperative. Many involved with the tourism industry in mountainous regions have been confronting the stark realities of tourism's impact on these delicate ecosystems. There is an urgency to address the challenges posed by climate change, all while safeguarding the indigenous traditions that define the Himalayas. Mountain Tourism and Ecological Impacts: Himalayan Region and Beyond unravels the intricate connections between tourism development and its far-reaching implications. This comprehensive exploration delves deep into the heart of the Himalayan region and beyond, shedding light on the diverse dimensions of mountain tourism and its profound impact on local environments, communities, and cultural heritage. This book reveals the tapestry of tourism experiences found in the peaks and vistas of the Himalayas. It delves into eco-tourist's delicate dance with fragile ecosystems, the coexistence of travelers and wildlife, the exhilaration of adventure tourism, and the spiritual pilgrimages that draw seekers from across the globe. This book comprehensively explores the pivotal role of preserving local cultures and underscores this as a key element of conserving the pristine natural habitats. This book is ideal for academics and researchers, tourism professionals, environmentalists and conservationists, government and NGOs, and travel enthusiasts.
Adventure Tourism in Azerbaijan and the Role of Mountaineering in Its Development by Azad Bayramov Pdf
Master's Thesis from the year 2014 in the subject Tourism, grade: 65, Dublin Institute of Technology (Dublin Institute of Technology), course: Tourism Management, language: English, abstract: The present research focused on exploring the concept of mountaineering as adventure tourism, analysing the development of mountaineering in Azerbaijan, determining the main challenges to the development of mountaineering as adventure tourism in Azerbaijan, and defining the role of mountaineering in developing adventure tourism. Over recent years, due to the increasing popularity of mountain-based tourism, the role of mountaineering has increased in importance. The mountains have for centuries served as a principal attraction, enticing tourists to visit particular vacation destinations. Mountains continue to be one of the core features of adventure tourism. Mountains cover one-fifth of the earth's land surface and continue to market themselves, in a way, as destinations with a clean environment, a variety of flora and fauna, and beautiful nature. The case study location chosen for this research was Azerbaijan, a country near the Great Caucasus Range and Caspian Sea. Azerbaijan is a country primarily covered by mountains that have a high potential for adventure tourism.
The Routledge Handbook of Nature Based Tourism Development by Ante Mandić,Sandeep K. Walia Pdf
This handbook offers a comprehensive overview of the themes and concepts related to nature-based tourism development. Providing interdisciplinary insights from leading researchers, academics, and practitioners across the globe, it delivers a critical and timely contribution to the knowledge around nature-based tourism. Nature-based tourism is currently the fastest-growing tourism sector globally and for many destinations, the most significant tourism segment. Organized into five parts, this handbook provides contemporary and cutting-edge perspectives on core topics and explores their linkages. It considers, among others, various natural settings and natural attractions where nature-based tourism can be exercised, including: protected and conserved areas, islands, and mountains; the emerging themes shaping the contemporary nature-based tourism development, including ethics, Sustainable Development Goals, COVID-19 crisis, over-tourism, climate change, resilience; and new approaches toward the visitor management and low-impact experience design, including regenerative and transformative tourism, destination stewardship and pro-environmental behaviour. Part I introduces the concept of nature-based tourism and the emerging challenges in the field. Part II explores the key components in the management and planning of nature-based tourism development. In Part III the handbook focuses on visitor experience design and management and Part IV highlights the impacts of nature-based tourism. Part V examines the future of nature-based tourism and possible solutions to mitigate associated challenges in the field. The handbook offers a valuable contribution with a systematic outlook of the phenomenon of nature-based tourism and critical perspectives on key concepts, policy, and practice. It shares current knowledge, innovative tools, and sustainable solutions with substantial evidence and societal impact. The book will appeal to students, researchers, and professionals in the fields of tourism, human geography, leisure studies, business studies, and sociology. Chapter 12 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Host Communities and Pilgrimage Tourism by Ricardo Nicolas Progano,Joseph M. Cheer,Xosé Manuel Santos Pdf
This book delves into topics on pilgrimage travel and communities from a variety of perspectives through academic research based on the Middle East, Northeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and Europe, where sacred sites have become of great importance for both international and domestic tourism. In particular, Europe and Asia possess a high volume of world-renowned pilgrimage sites that are currently being developed as tourism destinations in their respective countries, such as Santiago de Compostela (Spain), Lourdes (France), and Koyasan (Japan). This book includes studies on these two continents that harbor both a great history of pilgrimage tradition, as well as tourism development related to religious travel. The book importantly covers the role of the community in religious tourism, as well as the impact on the locals, which is comparatively an unexplored area. Whilst pilgrimage is seen as an effective tool to revitalize local economies, this book also reveals the different challenges to achieving this goal. Realizing the importance of the interrelationship of community and pilgrimage travel, as well as the lack of studies on it, this book seeks to address this research gap through 14 chapters divided into two parts, ‘Communities and Constestation’ and ‘Pilgrimage Shaping Communities’. To ensure diverse perspectives, case studies from different Eurasian countries, written by authors with expertise in the study of pilgrimage and religious travel, are included. Readers can expect to gain new perspectives by having a deeper comprehension of the ‘community side‘ of pilgrimage travel in Eurasia, and thus an integral understanding of contemporary pilgrimage
The Sherpas and Their Original Identity by Serku Sherpa,Yana Wengel Pdf
This book offers a cultural and historical perspective on the Sherpa people, exploring how their traditional way of life has been impacted by such factors as urbanisation, modernisation, globalisation, and tourism. Though Nepal is a small country, it is rich in ethnic, religious, linguistic, and cultural resources. Various communities living in Nepal, including the Sherpas, have their own original cultures, traditions, and practices. Despite outside influence, the Sherpa people have preserved their distinct lifestyle, which encompasses a unique history, culture, religion, language, cuisine, and set of traditions. It was only after the summit of Everest in 1953 that domestic and foreign scholars began to take an interest in documenting the Sherpa people’s way of life. The Sherpa’s language is an oral one, and with this comes difficulties. Various translations into other languages have caused mistranslations and a loss of meaning. Written by a Sherpa, this book seeks to overcome these linguistic barriers and bring Sherpa culture to the reader. Serving as a collection of knowledge from distinguished scholars of the Sherpa community, religious leaders, intellectuals, social workers, and community organisations, this book is a unique (auto)ethnographic work which bridges the gap between researchers speaking other languages and Sherpa people.
Tourism in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries by Martino Lorenzo Fagnani,Luciano Maffi Pdf
This book analyzes the roots of one of the main human activities that can be developed in natural and agricultural ecosystems: tourism. Attention to natural and agricultural ecosystems and their conservation has intensified in recent decades, responding to increasing social sensitivity to the environment, as also witnessed by Agenda 2030. The book explores the development of tourism in natural and agricultural ecosystems in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when some of its essential features derived from the practices of exploration, scientific study, business, healing practices, and also a desire for personal growth. This research is intended to open up international scholarly debate and discussion and draw in contributions from all disciplines and geographical areas. In addition, it intends to add an important piece to the mosaic of international literature that has rarely considered the origins of nature and rural tourism in an array of practices not always embodying a stated intent of recreation. This book is based on handwritten documents and travelogues circulating during the period in question. Most of the travel experiences analyzed regard men and women of European descent, but their travels were global, with ecosystems considered on all populated continents. This volume is essential reading for students and scholars alike interested in tourism history and the history of science and travel.
Environmental Impacts of Mountaineering by Michal Apollo Pdf
This book investigates the consequences of mountaineering (hiking, trekking, climbing) on the natural environment. These consequences are divided into three groups: 1) transformations caused by the mountaineer’s, or other people’s, stay in a mountaineering region; 2) transformations caused by the mountaineer’s travel (movement) through a mountaineering region, with the consideration of the ground type (rock, rock and grass, grass, residual soil, snow, ice), and 3) transformations caused by the use of mountaineering equipment. Each of the three groups are examined individually for their direct interference with the environment, i.e. caused by the main activities of climbing, trekking and hiking (both for elite and mass mountaineering) and their indirect interference caused by auxiliary activity (mainly in the case of mass mountaineering). Auxiliary activity includes guide services, transport of equipment, use of base camp facilities and the delivery of artificial support equipment, and supports the main activity. The consequences of mountaineering on the natural environment are characterized in terms of individual components of the environment (land relief, soil, vegetation, fauna, and landscape) and location/zone of mountaineering activity (hiking, trekking or climbing zone). Because of the connections and interdependence between particular components of the environment (biotic and abiotic), only preservation of each of them can bring the desired effect – a reduction in the negative impact of mountaineering. This book presents comprehensive research outcomes and serves as a platform for more detailed, future studies.
Nepal is a landlocked country in South Asia that is situated between India and China. It has a population of almost 30 million, and is known for its stunning natural beauty and unique cultural traditions. The country is home to some of the world's highest mountains, including Mount Everest, which attracts thousands of trekkers and climbers every year. Nepal's geography is also marked by deep river valleys, dense forests, and a variety of wildlife. Despite being one of the poorest countries in the world, Nepal has a rich cultural heritage that is reflected in its festivals, music, and art. The country's religion is predominantly Hinduism, although there is also a sizeable Buddhist minority. Visitors to Nepal can explore ancient temples, palaces, and shrines, as well as enjoy a variety of outdoor activities such as trekking, rafting, and paragliding. Nepal is also home to over a hundred different ethnic groups, each with their own distinct language and customs, making it a truly vibrant and diverse country.
Adventure tourism is a new, rapidly growing area at both practical and academic levels. Written at an introductory level, Adventure Tourism provides a basic background and covers commercial adventure tourism products across a range of adventure tourism sectors.
The academic study of adventure tourism is rapidly increasing in popularity, with research beginning to focus on it heavily. This book is a cohesive and comprehensive look at this multi-million dollar industry sector from a variety of perspectives relevant to the teaching of tourism. Ideal for the undergraduate student taking adventure tourism as a single subject degree, or as part of their tourism management studies, this book documents, analyses and offers insight into the latest research in the area. Includes analysis of products, trends, climate change, risk management and environmental management and many others. The Subsectors section within the book offers an overview of the twenty or more definable sectors within the adventure tourism industry considering their origins and history, latest trends and demographic groups. The author then goes on to look in more detail at: Wildlife Tourism, Marine Tourism, Helitourism, and Boardsports. Each chapter will include seven pedagogical elements: * introduction - what the chapter does and doesn't cover * plain-language review of the chapter topic with minimal referencing - essentially like lecture notes * concluding paragraph to the review section explaining how it leads to the next chapter(s) * review of recent research, condensed into tables where possible * revision notes - a few pages of bullet points summarising the review and research * a sample set of assignment questions, three to six per chapter in some cases * readings on relevant topics, condensed from previous publications.