Nanostructured Polymer Blends

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Nanostructured Polymer Blends

Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
Nanostructured Polymer Blends Book PDF

Author : Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128090886

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Nanostructured Polymer Blends by Juan Rodríguez-Hernández Pdf

The design of polymer blends constitutes an interesting alternative to obtaining micro- and nanostructured surfaces. The cost is reasonable and it is free from time-consuming procedures. Blending of polymers can yield materials with unprecedented properties that cannot be provided otherwise by using a single polymer. The free surface topography of polymer blend films, often related to phase domain structure, is critical to the applications. Two main aspects need to be considered in the preparation of multistructured blends: the interfaces involved and the morphology to be obtained. The control of these two aspects depends further on materials-related parameters involving the composition of the blend, the interfacial tension or viscosity ratio, and the processing conditions related to the temperature, time, or intensity of mixing, among others. Both domain structure and topography of the blend films have garnered increasing interest over the past decade. This chapter describes the nanomicrostructures formed at the polymer surface from polymer blends. Despite the crucial role that surfaces play in the final application of the material, up to now most of the studies concerning polymer blends have been related to the control of the mechanical properties (toughness, stiffness, thermal expansion, etc.), their barrier properties, or the electrical conductivity. This chapter focuses on the analysis of the structured polymer surfaces and thin films, giving an overview of the role of these structures on the final application. The principles of phase separation and the resulting structures formed are briefly discussed, followed by a wide overview of the possibilities of producing stimuli-responsive interfaces by introducing, among other things, pH- or temperature-responsive polymers within the blend. Finally, we look at how using particular preparation conditions and/or self-assembly of block copolymers, the formation of films and surfaces with hierarchical order length-scales can be induced. We also examine the main areas in which multiscale-ordered interfaces obtained from polymer blends have been applied.

Nanostructured Polymer Blends

Chandran C. Sarath,Robert A. Shanks,S. Thomas
Nanostructured Polymer Blends Book PDF

Author : Chandran C. Sarath,Robert A. Shanks,S. Thomas
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128090787

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Nanostructured Polymer Blends by Chandran C. Sarath,Robert A. Shanks,S. Thomas Pdf

Miscibility and compatibility in polymer blends is a topic of great academic and industrial importance. This is because miscibility and compatibility contribute to morphology, properties, and performance. Miscibility results in one phase; compatibility creates a disperse phase with size and stability determined by interfacial interactions. Miscible polymer properties are averaged similar to a plasticizer polymer, and compatible polymers retain properties of each component, such as toughening or reinforcement. With miscible polymer blends the continuous phase dominates properties; the disperse phase contributes via stress transfer. This chapter revisits the criteria for miscibility or compatibility in polymer blends and the contributors of compatibility compared with miscibility and incompatibility. Development of copolymers and their blending with thermosets and thermoplastics result in complex two-phase morphologies. The dynamics of phase separation observed in polymer blends leading to different morphologies and the criteria for phase separation is explained. A nanometer-dispersed phase requires strong interfacial interactions to stabilize the large interfacial area, and this is favored by rapid spinodal phase separation compared with size diminution by high shear. Nanoblends open up a new arena for polymer blends, and research shows that nanoblends have outstanding optical and mechanical properties.

Nanostructured Polymer Blends

Robert A. Shanks
Nanostructured Polymer Blends Book PDF

Author : Robert A. Shanks
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128090794

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Nanostructured Polymer Blends by Robert A. Shanks Pdf

Many nanostructured materials have been and are being prepared with increasing control over molecular configurations, conformations, and supramolecular assembly. These nanomaterials place an increasing challenge for characterization techniques to confirm the proposed structure and morphology. Several techniques are widely available, with increasing degrees of sophistication. Ideal techniques are those where the natural scale of the technique, such as radiation wavelength, matches that of the size scale of features in the material. In the case of nanostructured polymer blends the features are dispersed polymer phases, filler particles, and interphases. Immediately electron microscopies and X-ray techniques are apparent. Adaptions of these and related techniques extend their capabilities for the nano range. In addition to experimental observations, methods for quantifying the images or data are needed for comparison between materials and modeling via theoretical equations, which in the limit may become molecular modeling. As needs arise instruments have been improved in detection, resolution, accuracy, and precision. Development of any nanomaterial requires support from a suite of increasingly capable instrumentation. This review concentrates on techniques that directly probe nanostructures with mention of related techniques that apply to any dimension scale, though provide important secondary data.

Nanostructured Polymer Blends

Roberto Scaffaro,Luigi Botta
Nanostructured Polymer Blends Book PDF

Author : Roberto Scaffaro,Luigi Botta
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128090824

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Nanostructured Polymer Blends by Roberto Scaffaro,Luigi Botta Pdf

Nanofillers can play two important roles in polymer blends. The first is the improvement of various properties such as mechanical, barrier, thermal, flame retardancy, and electrical properties. The second is the modification of miscibility/compatibility and morphology of polymer blends. The mechanism of action of nanoparticles to modify the morphology, interfacial properties, and performance of immiscible polymer blends relies on their localization, their interactions with polymer components, and the way these additives disperse within the polymer blend. The objective of this chapter is to review the research on nanofilled thermoplastic/thermoplastic polymer blends, paying particular attention both to the distribution of nanoparticles inside a binary polymer blend and to the effect of nanofillers on the morphology and on the properties of the thermoplastic polymer blends. In a large majority of cases, thermoplastic polymer blends filled with nanoparticles show better compatibility in terms of morphology size than pure blends. Moreover, the formation of a cocontinuous structure is promoted by the presence of the nanofiller.

Nanostructured Polymer Blends

Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku,Elijah Sobalaje Ogunniran
Nanostructured Polymer Blends Book PDF

Author : Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku,Elijah Sobalaje Ogunniran
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128090817

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Nanostructured Polymer Blends by Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku,Elijah Sobalaje Ogunniran Pdf

Great progress has been made in the science and technology of polymer-based nanomaterials over the last decade. Nanostructured polymer systems have attracted much scientific and applied research interest. The last two decades have witnessed significant advances in polymer science and technology generally, but more so for polymer blends. The idea of blending two (or more) polymers, especially immiscible blends, has come with a lot of challenges. Achieving this has brought to the fore the art and science (and engineering) of compatibilization. During the last few decades, the addition of nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, and so on has advanced even further the creation of blends, alloys, and composites with different polymers. In making these blends, intermediaries such as compatibilizers, coupling agents, and other additives are often employed to bring about blends that are satisfactory for the purposes they are intended to serve. Nanostructured polymer blends formation has strongly improved the properties and structural integrities of polymer blends, by employing compatibilization as a tool to achieve such properties and structural integrities of polymer blends. Reinforcing compatibilized polymer blends with nanosize additives has further strengthened the properties and integrities of polymer blends, alloys, and composites.

Nanostructured Polymer Blends

Roberto Scaffaro,Luigi Botta
Nanostructured Polymer Blends Book PDF

Author : Roberto Scaffaro,Luigi Botta
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128090893

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Nanostructured Polymer Blends by Roberto Scaffaro,Luigi Botta Pdf

The usefulness of any material, including nanocomposite polymer blends, depends on its degradability and durability. Thus, this chapter reviews the status of the research on degradation of nanocomposite polymer blends and, in particular, on clay-nanocomposite polymer blends, paying particular attention to both the role of the filler and the role of the blend morphology and composition. The results of recent research indicate that the clay has two opposing effects on the thermal stability of a nanocomposite polymer blend: (1) a promoter effect of the polymer matrix degradation, which decreases the thermal stability, and (2) a barrier effect, which improves the thermal stability. Moreover, the presence of organoclays generally reduces the photostability of nanocomposite polymer blends. Despite the effect of the filler, blend morphology and blend composition can significantly affect, either positively or negatively, the degradation behavior of the polymer blend nanocomposites.

Design and Applications of Nanostructured Polymer Blends and Nanocomposite Systems

Sabu Thomas,Robert Shanks,Sarath Chandran
Design and Applications of Nanostructured Polymer Blends and Nanocomposite Systems Book PDF

Author : Sabu Thomas,Robert Shanks,Sarath Chandran
Publisher : William Andrew
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2015-09-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780323394543

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Design and Applications of Nanostructured Polymer Blends and Nanocomposite Systems by Sabu Thomas,Robert Shanks,Sarath Chandran Pdf

Design and Applications of Nanostructured Polymer Blend and Nanocomposite Systems offers readers an intelligent, thorough introduction to the design and applications of this new generation of designer polymers with customized properties. The book assembles and covers, in a unified way, the state-of-the-art developments of this less explored type of material. With a focus on nanostructured polymer blends, the book discusses the science of nanostructure formation and the potential performance benefits of nanostructured polymer blends and composites for applications across many sectors: electronics, coatings, adhesives, energy (photovoltaics), aerospace, automotive, and medical devices (biocompatible polymers). The book also describes the design, morphology, and structure of nanostructured polymer composites and blends to achieve specific properties. Covers all important information for designing and selecting the right nanostructured polymer system Provides specialized knowledge on self-repairing, nanofibre and nanostructured multiphase materials, as well as evaluation and testing of nanostructured polymer systems Serves as a reference guide for development of new products in industries ranging from electronics, coatings, and energy, to transport and medical applications Describes the design, morphology, and structure of nanostructured polymer composites and blends to achieve specific properties

Micro- and Nanostructured Multiphase Polymer Blend Systems

Charef Harrats,Sabu Thomas,Gabriel Groeninckx
Micro and Nanostructured Multiphase Polymer Blend Systems Book PDF

Author : Charef Harrats,Sabu Thomas,Gabriel Groeninckx
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2005-09-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000611731

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Micro- and Nanostructured Multiphase Polymer Blend Systems by Charef Harrats,Sabu Thomas,Gabriel Groeninckx Pdf

Micro- and Nanostructured Multiphase Polymer Blend Systems: Phase Morphology and Interfaces focuses on the formation of phase morphology in polymer blends and copolymers and considers various types of blends including thermosets, thermoplastics, thermoplastic vulcanizates, and structured copolymers. The book carefully debates the processing

Nanostructured Polymer Blends

Oluranti Sadiku-Agboola,Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku
Nanostructured Polymer Blends Book PDF

Author : Oluranti Sadiku-Agboola,Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128090800

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Nanostructured Polymer Blends by Oluranti Sadiku-Agboola,Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku Pdf

In recent years there has been a great deal of research on the subject of nanostructured materials. Structure across a range of length scales has been of particular interest. Theoretical modeling of nanostructured formation in polymer blends has gained considerable momentum due to the increased interest in nanostructures, such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanopores, and so on. Polymers show universal behavior on long length and time scales. Usually, the size of an ideal polymer is calculated from the freely jointed polymer chain model. The solubility and interaction parameters in nanostructured polymer blends are reviewed. Several computer simulation models for predicting mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of semicrystalline polymer and nanostructured polymer blends are discussed. Modeling of polymer in solution and the morphological control of nanostructured blends are also reviewed. Further development of nanostructured polymer blends depends on the fundamental understanding of their hierarchical structure and behavior, which requires multiscale modeling and simulation to provide various lengths and time scales. Atomistic-based simulation such as molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo, and molecular mechanics are addressed for the multiscale modeling of nanostructured polymer blends for material design. A mathematical model based on the Cahn–Hilliard nonlinear theory of phase separation is also discussed.

Nanostructured Polymer Blends

Sérgio Roberto Montoro,Simone de Fátima Medeiros,Gizelda Maria Alves
Nanostructured Polymer Blends Book PDF

Author : Sérgio Roberto Montoro,Simone de Fátima Medeiros,Gizelda Maria Alves
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2013-11-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128090879

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Nanostructured Polymer Blends by Sérgio Roberto Montoro,Simone de Fátima Medeiros,Gizelda Maria Alves Pdf

Polymer systems can be developed into a variety of functional forms to meet industrial and scientific applications. In general, they are presented in four common physical forms: (1) linear free chains in solution, (2) covalently or physically cross-linked reversible gels, (3) micro and nanoparticles, and (4) chains adsorbed or in surface-grafted form. Hydrogels are polymeric particles consisting of water-soluble polymer chains, chemically or physically connected using, in general, a cross-linking agent. These materials do not dissolve in water but may swell considerably in aqueous medium, demonstrating an extraordinary ability (>20%) to absorb water into the reticulated structure. Such features make these materials promising tools in the biomedical field, especially as controlled drug release systems. This chapter describes recent progress in the development and applications of polymeric nanostructured hydrogels, mainly in the context of biomedical devices. Additionally, it reports the significant advances in synthesis and characterization strategies of these materials. Special attention is devoted to smart or stimuli-responsive bionanogels, which mimic the property of living systems responding to environmental changes such as pH, temperature, light, pressure, electric field, chemicals, or ionic strength, or a combination of different stimuli. Consequently, these bionanogels offer an efficient solution to various biomedical limitations in the field of drug administration.

Nanostructured Polymer Blends

Yuan Meng,Xinghong Zhang
Nanostructured Polymer Blends Book PDF

Author : Yuan Meng,Xinghong Zhang
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128090831

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Nanostructured Polymer Blends by Yuan Meng,Xinghong Zhang Pdf

The engineering of nanostructured thermosets with different modifiers has generated significant interest, since improved overall properties are promised by good control over monodispersed microdomains. Incorporation of block copolymers and hyperbranched polymers are acknowledged as two efficient strategies to build up such nano/microcomposites, bearing distinct phase-segregating behaviors owing to respective unique architectures. In this chapter, we aim to illustrate the interplay between matrix and modifier from a perspective of thermodynamics. The two most common mechanisms of thermoset/block copolymer demixing are interpreted; most obtained morphologies of thermoset/hyperbranched polymers are broadly correlated to the width of the phase-separation conversion window. General preparation methods as well as time-temperature-transition diagrams are given to guide practice. Thermal, mechanical, and dynamic properties are covered, with an emphasis on how the formation of various nanostructures actually influences these properties.

Micro- and Nanostructured Polymer Systems

Sabu Thomas,Robert Shanks,Jithin Joy
Micro and Nanostructured Polymer Systems Book PDF

Author : Sabu Thomas,Robert Shanks,Jithin Joy
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2016-01-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781498721592

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Micro- and Nanostructured Polymer Systems by Sabu Thomas,Robert Shanks,Jithin Joy Pdf

This book focuses on the recent trends in micro- and nano-structured polymer systems, particularly natural polymers, biopolymers, biomaterials, and their composites, blends, and IPNs. This valuable volume covers the occurrence, synthesis, isolation, production, properties and applications, modification, as well as the relevant analysis techniques to reveal the structures and properties of polymer systems. Biobased polymer blends and composites occupy a unique position in the dynamic world of new biomaterials. The growing need for lubricious coatings and surfaces in medical devices—an outcome of the move from invasive to noninvasive medicines and procedures—is playing a major role in the advancement of biomaterials technology. Natural polymers have attained their cutting-edge technology through various platforms, and this book presents a multitude of information about them. Topics include biopolymer–synthetic systems, nanomaterial–polymer structures, multi-characterization techniques, polymer blends and composites, polymer gels and polyelectrolytes, and many other interesting aspects of interests to researchers. This book will be valuable to scientists, physicians, pharmacists, engineers, and other specialists in a variety of disciplines, both academic and industrial.

Nanostructured Polymer Blends

Kokkarachedu Varaprasad,Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku,Koduri Ramam,Jaragula Jayaramudu,G. Siva Mohan Reddy
Nanostructured Polymer Blends Book PDF

Author : Kokkarachedu Varaprasad,Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku,Koduri Ramam,Jaragula Jayaramudu,G. Siva Mohan Reddy
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128090855

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Nanostructured Polymer Blends by Kokkarachedu Varaprasad,Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku,Koduri Ramam,Jaragula Jayaramudu,G. Siva Mohan Reddy Pdf

Nanostructured hydrogels represent a unique class of materials that synergizes the advantageous features of hydrogels. Research into nanostructured hydrogels for biomedical applications has seen great progress in recent years owing to their unlimited potential to advance human health. The development of nanotechnology provides opportunities to characterize, manipulate, and organize matter systematically at the nanometer scale. This is because nanostructured systems in general and nanostructured polymer hydrogels in particular have noble advantages as transporters for a wide range of drugs and tissue engineering scaffolds for biomedical (therapeutic) applications. This chapter explains the design and development of different nanostructured hydrogels and their applications in the biomedical field.

Nanostructured Polymer Blends

Gity Mir Mohamad Sadeghi,Mahsa Sayaf
Nanostructured Polymer Blends Book PDF

Author : Gity Mir Mohamad Sadeghi,Mahsa Sayaf
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128090848

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Nanostructured Polymer Blends by Gity Mir Mohamad Sadeghi,Mahsa Sayaf Pdf

Block copolymers (BCPs) consist of two or more chemically different polymers connected covalently, and are polymer alloys. Due to their thermodynamic incompatibility and chain connectivity, the phase separation between two (or more) blocks occurs only in a tens of nanometers range. Nanostructures are based on block copolymer self-assembly. They are functional nanomaterials less than 100nm in size and have received extensive scientific and technological attention due to their potential applications in electronic, biomedical, and optical materials. This chapter examines a variety of different synthetic strategies for preparation of linear diblock copolymers by anionic polymerization. Triblocks can be synthesized according to an appropriate synthetic pathway, depending on the monomers used and their sequence in the triblock chain. Nonlinear block copolymers including star block copolymers, graft copolymers, miktoarm star copolymers, cyclic block copolymers, and other complex architectures are explained. Microphase separation drives BCPs to self-assemble, resulting in ordered nanostructures, including spheres, cylinders, gyroids, and lamellae, depending on the composition of the BCP. In nanotechnology, self-assembly (SA) underlies various types of molecular structures built from nanoparticles, nanotubes, or nanorods. Supramolecular structures generated from amphiphilic block copolymers are characterized by a slow rate of intermicellar chain exchange which makes them interesting for a variety of applications. Basic principles of self-assembly and micellization of block copolymers in dilute solution, methods for stabilization of the macromolecular aggregates, are discussed. Stabilized nanoparticles, the so-called “smart materials,” which show responses to environmental changes (pH, temperature, ionic strength, etc.), are presented with a focus on their applications.

Nanostructured Polymer Blends and Composites in Textiles

Mihai Ciocoiu,Seghir Maamir
Nanostructured Polymer Blends and Composites in Textiles Book PDF

Author : Mihai Ciocoiu,Seghir Maamir
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2016-01-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781771882873

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Nanostructured Polymer Blends and Composites in Textiles by Mihai Ciocoiu,Seghir Maamir Pdf

This new volume reviews recent academic and technological developments behind new engineered modified nanotextile materials. The developments in textiles using nanotechnology give ordinary materials improved properties, such as better water resistance, enhanced moisture and odor reduction, increased strength and elasticity, and resistance to bacteria, among other improvements. The research reported in this book presents state-of-the-art technology in modern materials with an emphasis on the rapidly growing technologies in textile engineering. Several innovative applications for different materials are described in considerable detail with emphasis on the experimental data that supports these new applications. From nano-fibers to chemical materials, creative modifications concerning new nanocomposites are described that could one day become commonplace. The book covers a host of topics in this area, including the design of new textile products, moisture and heat transfer in clothing, developments in electrospinning, new applications, nanotextile and tissue engineering from a biological perspective, and more. The book is intended for researchers and those interested in future developments in mechanical and physicochemical characteristics of modified nanotextile materials and polymer blends. The book will also be a useful tool for students and researchers, providing helpful insights into new evolving research areas in nanostructured polymer blends and composites in textiles.