National Military Establishments And The Advancement Of Science And Technology

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National Military Establishments and the Advancement of Science and Technology

P. Forman,José M. Sánchez-Ron

Author : P. Forman,José M. Sánchez-Ron
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2001-11-30
Category : History
ISBN : 1402002505

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National Military Establishments and the Advancement of Science and Technology by P. Forman,José M. Sánchez-Ron Pdf

To some philosophers, seeking to understand the human condition, technology is a necessary guide. But to think through the complex human phenomenon of technology we must tackle philosophy of science, philosophy of culture, moral issues, comparative civilizational studies, and the economics of specific industrial and military technologies in their historical contexts. The philoso pher wants to grasp the technological factor in this troubled world, even as we see it is only one factor, and that it does not speak openly for itself. Put directly, our human troubles to a considerable extent have been transformed, exaggerated, distorted, even degraded, perhaps transcended, by what engi neers and scientists, entrepreneurs and politicians, have wrought. But our problems are ancient, problems of dominations, struggles, survival, values in conflict, greed and insane sadisms. To get some conceptual light on the social reality which seems immediately to be so complicated, a philosopher will need to learn from the historians of technology. A few years ago, the philosopher Elisabeth Straker concluded that "a his torical philosophy of technology [is required] since history - and history alone - provides all those concepts that form part of the repertoire of the philosoph ical analysis of technology". And she added that this goes far beyond the triviality that like other cultural achievements technology has its historical development. Now historical comprehension is no substitute for a logical methodology in the analysis of technological problems.

Science, Technology, and Warfare

Monte D. Wright,Lawrence J. Paszek

Author : Monte D. Wright,Lawrence J. Paszek
Publisher : The Minerva Group, Inc.
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : History
ISBN : 9780898752113

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Science, Technology, and Warfare by Monte D. Wright,Lawrence J. Paszek Pdf

This book, originally published in 1969, discusses the development of the complex relationships between science and technology and warfare from the Renaissance to the 1960s. The nature of warfare has always been largely determined by contemporary technology. Instances of technological change undertaken for the sake of military advantage have also been relatively common in history. The relationships between science and warfare however have been much more variable and ambiguous. "Science, Technology, and Warfare" requires a fourth term to be complete "Management " because the primary military innovator never has been the scientist, technologist, or soldier, but rather the administrative "organizer of victory."

Physics in a New Era

National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Physics Survey Overview Committee

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Physics Survey Overview Committee
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2001-07-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309073424

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Physics in a New Era by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Physics Survey Overview Committee Pdf

Physics at the beginning of the twenty-first century has reached new levels of accomplishment and impact in a society and nation that are changing rapidly. Accomplishments have led us into the information age and fueled broad technological and economic development. The pace of discovery is quickening and stronger links with other fields such as the biological sciences are being developed. The intellectual reach has never been greater, and the questions being asked are more ambitious than ever before. Physics in a New Era is the final report of the NRC's six-volume decadal physics survey. The book reviews the frontiers of physics research, examines the role of physics in our society, and makes recommendations designed to strengthen physics and its ability to serve important needs such as national security, the economy, information technology, and education.

Science, the Endless Frontier

United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development,Vannevar Bush

Author : United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development,Vannevar Bush
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1945
Category : Government publications
ISBN : UOM:39015008975248

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Science, the Endless Frontier by United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development,Vannevar Bush Pdf

This influential report described science as "a largely unexplored hinterland" that would provide the "essential key" to the economic prosperity of the post World War II years.

Science and Technology in the Global Cold War

Naomi Oreskes,John Krige

Author : Naomi Oreskes,John Krige
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 467 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2014-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262526531

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Science and Technology in the Global Cold War by Naomi Oreskes,John Krige Pdf

Investigations of how the global Cold War shaped national scientific and technological practices in fields from biomedicine to rocket science. The Cold War period saw a dramatic expansion of state-funded science and technology research. Government and military patronage shaped Cold War technoscientific practices, imposing methods that were project oriented, team based, and subject to national-security restrictions. These changes affected not just the arms race and the space race but also research in agriculture, biomedicine, computer science, ecology, meteorology, and other fields. This volume examines science and technology in the context of the Cold War, considering whether the new institutions and institutional arrangements that emerged globally constrained technoscientific inquiry or offered greater opportunities for it. The contributors find that whatever the particular science, and whatever the political system in which that science was operating, the knowledge that was produced bore some relation to the goals of the nation-state. These goals varied from nation to nation; weapons research was emphasized in the United States and the Soviet Union, for example, but in France and China scientific independence and self-reliance dominated. The contributors also consider to what extent the changes to science and technology practices in this era were produced by the specific politics, anxieties, and aspirations of the Cold War. Contributors Elena Aronova, Erik M. Conway, Angela N. H. Creager, David Kaiser, John Krige, Naomi Oreskes, George Reisch, Sigrid Schmalzer, Sonja D. Schmid, Matthew Shindell, Asif A. Siddiqi, Zuoyue Wang, Benjamin Wilson

Science, the Endless Frontier

Vannevar Bush

Author : Vannevar Bush
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2021-02-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691201658

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Science, the Endless Frontier by Vannevar Bush Pdf

The classic case for why government must support science—with a new essay by physicist and former congressman Rush Holt on what democracy needs from science today Science, the Endless Frontier is recognized as the landmark argument for the essential role of science in society and government’s responsibility to support scientific endeavors. First issued when Vannevar Bush was the director of the US Office of Scientific Research and Development during the Second World War, this classic remains vital in making the case that scientific progress is necessary to a nation’s health, security, and prosperity. Bush’s vision set the course for US science policy for more than half a century, building the world’s most productive scientific enterprise. Today, amid a changing funding landscape and challenges to science’s very credibility, Science, the Endless Frontier resonates as a powerful reminder that scientific progress and public well-being alike depend on the successful symbiosis between science and government. This timely new edition presents this iconic text alongside a new companion essay from scientist and former congressman Rush Holt, who offers a brief introduction and consideration of what society needs most from science now. Reflecting on the report’s legacy and relevance along with its limitations, Holt contends that the public’s ability to cope with today’s issues—such as public health, the changing climate and environment, and challenging technologies in modern society—requires a more capacious understanding of what science can contribute. Holt considers how scientists should think of their obligation to society and what the public should demand from science, and he calls for a renewed understanding of science’s value for democracy and society at large. A touchstone for concerned citizens, scientists, and policymakers, Science, the Endless Frontier endures as a passionate articulation of the power and potential of science.

Science, Technology, and Warfare

Monte D. Wright,Lawrence J. Paszek

Author : Monte D. Wright,Lawrence J. Paszek
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1971
Category : Military art and science
ISBN : UIUC:30112001523155

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Science, Technology, and Warfare by Monte D. Wright,Lawrence J. Paszek Pdf

The nature of warfare has always been largely determined by contemporary technology. Instances of technological change undertaken for the sake of military advantage have also been relatively common in history. The relationships between science and warfare, however, have been much more variable and ambiguous. The papers and discussions of the Symposium investigate selected aspects of the complex relationships between science and technology on the one hand, and warfare on the other, from the Renaissance to the 1960s. In the first session, Professor Hall takes up in turn the possible areas of interaction between science (exterior ballistics, engineering, explosives, mechanics, and metallurgy) and military technology (edge weapons, cannons and mortars, fortification and siege warfare, and small arms) in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries. The notion that science is pursued for utilitarian ends, Hall finds, is an unhistorical projection backward from our own age." He excludes navigation and medicine from consideration, because they were civil as well as military concerns. In spite of the pleading of certain early propagandists of the Empire of Man over Nature," and in spite of the elaborate sketches of military engines in Leonardo's notebooks, military technology was largely innocent of scientific method. The developments in fortification required mathematical skills, but nothing more than elementary geometry and arithmetic. Mathematicians studied the ancient problem of the trajectory of projectiles, but their efforts affected neither the design nor the use of guns. The range tables they provided were not even usable with the guns of the time. The solution of the trajectory problem would await Benjamin Robins and the 18th century. Professor Hale supports Hall's conclusion with three arguments. In the 16th and 17th centuries, armies were so organized as to preclude any productive contact with the worlds of science and technology.

The Cambridge History of Science: Volume 5, The Modern Physical and Mathematical Sciences

David C. Lindberg,Mary Jo Nye,Roy Porter,Ronald L. Numbers

Author : David C. Lindberg,Mary Jo Nye,Roy Porter,Ronald L. Numbers
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 714 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0521571995

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The Cambridge History of Science: Volume 5, The Modern Physical and Mathematical Sciences by David C. Lindberg,Mary Jo Nye,Roy Porter,Ronald L. Numbers Pdf

A new and comprehensive examination of the history of the modern physical and mathematical sciences.

Reader's Guide to the History of Science

Arne Hessenbruch

Author : Arne Hessenbruch
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 965 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2013-12-16
Category : History
ISBN : 9781134262946

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Reader's Guide to the History of Science by Arne Hessenbruch Pdf

The Reader's Guide to the History of Science looks at the literature of science in some 550 entries on individuals (Einstein), institutions and disciplines (Mathematics), general themes (Romantic Science) and central concepts (Paradigm and Fact). The history of science is construed widely to include the history of medicine and technology as is reflected in the range of disciplines from which the international team of 200 contributors are drawn.

The Historiography of Contemporary Science and Technology

Thomas Söderquist

Author : Thomas Söderquist
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2013-01-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135851675

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The Historiography of Contemporary Science and Technology by Thomas Söderquist Pdf

More than ninety percent of all scientific history has been made during the last half century. So far, however, only a fraction of historical scholarship has dealt with this period. Merely a decade ago, most scientific historians considered recent science - the scientific culture created, lived and remembered by contemporary scientists - an area of study best left to the historical actors themselves.

Reconsidering Sputnik

Roger D. Lanius,John M. Logsdon,Robert W. Smith

Author : Roger D. Lanius,John M. Logsdon,Robert W. Smith
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9781134960262

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Reconsidering Sputnik by Roger D. Lanius,John M. Logsdon,Robert W. Smith Pdf

This book explores Russia's stunning success of ushering in the space age by launching Sputnik and beating the United States into space. It also examines the formation of NASA, the race for human exploration of the moon, the reality of global satellite communications, and a new generation of scientific spacecraft that began exploring the universe. An introductory essay by Pulitzer Prize winner Walter A. McDougall sets the context for Sputnik and its significance at the end of the twentieth century.

History of Science in United States

Marc Rothenberg

Author : Marc Rothenberg
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 637 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2012-10-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135583187

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History of Science in United States by Marc Rothenberg Pdf

This Encyclopedia examines all aspects of the history of science in the United States, with a special emphasis placed on the historiography of science in America. It can be used by students, general readers, scientists, or anyone interested in the facts relating to the development of science in the United States. Special emphasis is placed in the history of medicine and technology and on the relationship between science and technology and science and medicine.

The Neutron's Children

Sean F. Johnston

Author : Sean F. Johnston
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2012-04-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780191631931

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The Neutron's Children by Sean F. Johnston Pdf

The first nuclear engineers emerged from the Manhattan Project in the USA, UK and Canada, but remained hidden behind security for a further decade. Cosseted and cloistered by their governments, they worked to explore applications of atomic energy at a handful of national labs. This unique bottom-up history traces how the identities of these unusually voiceless experts - forming a uniquely state-managed discipline - were shaped in the context of pre-war nuclear physics, wartime industrial management, post-war politics and utopian energy programmes. Even after their eventual emergence at universities and companies, nuclear workers carried the enduring legacy of their origins. Their shared experiences shaped not only their identities, but our collective memories of the late twentieth century. And as illustrated by the Fukushima accident seven decades after the Manhattan project began, this book explains why they are still seen conflictingly as selfless heroes or as mistrusted guardians of a malevolent genie.

The Neutron's Children

Sean Johnston

Author : Sean Johnston
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2012-04-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 0199692114

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The Neutron's Children by Sean Johnston Pdf

This account tracks the Allied atomic energy experts who emerged from the Manhattan Project to explore optimistic but distinct paths in the USA, UK and Canada. Characterized successively as admired atomic scientists, mistrusted spies and heroic engineers, their identities were ultimately shaped by nuclear accidents.

Quantum Chemistry

Hinne Hettema

Author : Hinne Hettema
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2000-03-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789814498531

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Quantum Chemistry by Hinne Hettema Pdf

Chemical physics is presently a very active field, where theoretical computation and accurate experimentation have led to a host of exciting new results. Among these are the possibility of state-to-state reactive scattering, the insights in non-adiabatic chemistry, and, from the computational perspective, the use of explicitly correlated functions in quantum chemistry. Many of these present-day developments use ideas, derivations and results that were obtained in the very early days of quantum theory, in the 1920s and 1930s. Much of this material is hard to study for readers not familiar with German. This volume presents English translations of some of the most important papers. The choice of material is made with the relevance to present-day researchers in mind. Included are seminal papers by M Born and J R Oppenheimer, J von Neumann and E Wigner, E A Hylleraas, F London, F Hund, H A Kramers, R de L Kronig and F Hückel, among others. Contents:Nuclear and Electronic Motion:M Born and R Oppenheimer, Ann. Phys. (Leipzig). 84, 457 (1927)J von Neumann and E Wigner, Phys. Z. 30, 467 (1929)F London, Z. Phys. 74, 143 (1932)R Renner, Z. Phys. 92, 172 (1934)Theory of Atoms:E A Hylleraas, Z. Phys. 48, 469 (1929)E A Hylleraas, Z. Phys. 54, 347 (1929)E A Hylleraas, Naturwissenschaften 17, 982 (1930)E A Hylleraas, Z. Phys. 65, 209 (1930)Theory of the Chemical Bond:W Heitler & F London, Z. Phys. 44, 455 (1927)F London, Z. Phys. 46, 455 (1928)E A Hylleraas, Z. Phys. 71, 739 (1931)Spectroscopy:F Hund, Z. Phys. 36, 657 (1926)F Hund, Z. Phys. 40, 742 (1927)G Wentzel, Z. Phys. 43, 524 (1927)E Fues, Z. Phys. 43, 726 (1927)F Hund, Z. Phys. 43, 805 (1927)R de L Kronig, Z. Phys. 50, 347 (1928)E Wigner and E E Witmer, Z. Phys. 51, 859 (1928)H A Kramers, Z. Phys. 53, 422 & 429 (1929)R de L Kronig, Z. Phys. 62, 300 (1930)Intermolecular Interactions:R Eisenschitz and F London, Z. Phys. 60, 491 (1930)F London, Z. Phys. 63, 245 (1930)F London, Z. Phys. Chem. B11, 222 (1930)H Eyring and M Polanyi, Z. Phys. Chem. B12, 279 (1931)Approximative Methods:E Hückel, Z. Phys. 70, 204 (1931) Readership: Physical chemists, chemical physicists and spectroscopists. keywords: “It is a laudable effort by Hettema to select, introduce and translate a well chosen set of papers by pioneers in the field from the original German into English and to make them available to a wider readership …” International Journal of Quantum Chemistry “It will have a lasting value for theoretical chemists and science historians.” Structural Chemistry “… is a finely produced, useful, and highly thought-provoking book.” Physics Today

National Military Establishments And The Advancement Of Science And Technology

National Military Establishments and the Advancement of Science and Technology by P. Forman,José M. Sánchez-Ron Pdf

Science, Technology, and Warfare by Monte D. Wright,Lawrence J. Paszek Pdf

Physics in a New Era by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Physics Survey Overview Committee Pdf

Science, the Endless Frontier by United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development,Vannevar Bush Pdf

Science and Technology in the Global Cold War by Naomi Oreskes,John Krige Pdf

Science, the Endless Frontier by Vannevar Bush Pdf

Science, Technology, and Warfare by Monte D. Wright,Lawrence J. Paszek Pdf

The Cambridge History of Science: Volume 5, The Modern Physical and Mathematical Sciences by David C. Lindberg,Mary Jo Nye,Roy Porter,Ronald L. Numbers Pdf

Reader's Guide to the History of Science by Arne Hessenbruch Pdf

The Historiography of Contemporary Science and Technology by Thomas Söderquist Pdf

Reconsidering Sputnik by Roger D. Lanius,John M. Logsdon,Robert W. Smith Pdf

History of Science in United States by Marc Rothenberg Pdf

The Neutron's Children by Sean F. Johnston Pdf

The Neutron's Children by Sean Johnston Pdf

Quantum Chemistry by Hinne Hettema Pdf

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