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Author : Richard A. Melanson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : Political Science
ISBN : UOM:39015004130632
Author : Bruce W Farcau
Publisher : Independently Published
Page : 826 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2021-08-16
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9798452718154
The Cold War was more than a contest between the United States and the Soviet Union since World War II. It was a clash of civilizations that lasted for over 70 years. Communism was (is) possibly the most horrific political system devised by man, responsible for the deaths of tens of millions of people and the enslavement of even more. This book explores the stages of the conflict in a way that few have done before. Many excellent individual works have appeared since the end of the Cold War focusing on specific events such as the Berlin Blockade or the Cuban Missile Crisis, but this one ties them all together and puts them in context of the broader struggle.
Author : Jussi M. Hanhimäki
Publisher : Potomac Books, Inc.
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2012-11-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781597970761
In keeping with Robert J. McMahon's series Issues in the History of American Foreign Relations, Jussi M. Hanhimäki offers students and scholars a survey of the evolution of American foreign policy during a key period in recent history, the era of superpower détente and global transformation in the 1960s and 1970s. Describing détente as not only an era but also a strategy of waging the Cold War, the author examines the reasons that led to the rise of détente, explores the highlights of the era's reduced East-West tensions, and explains the causes of détente's demise. Hanhimäki addresses many questions: What were the long-term and short-term causes of détente? Was it a policy "invented" in the United States or adopted under pressure from abroad? Did it represent a radical break with the past—a move from idealism to realism—or was it simply an attempt to prolong the Cold War bipolarity within the international system? Was détente a policy that grew from weakness and doubt (caused particularly by the Vietnam War)? What were its main achievements and shortcomings? What led to its end? In conclusion, he evaluates the role of détente in the dismantling of the Cold War international system.
Author : FRANS ALTING. VON GEUSAU
Publisher : Wolf Legal Publishers
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2018-02
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9462404178
Since 1989, we refer to the whole post-war period as the "Cold War Era". Such was not the case in 1968. At the time, the Cold War - in our perception - was behind us. We no longer felt to be in the midst of it. Europeans on the Western side of the Iron Curtain felt relatively at ease with Europe's division. The era of Detente as we called it, was considered to be a fairly stable and long-lasting political condition, even after Soviet tanks crushed Dubcek's socialism with a human face in Prague. A strange year it was... 1968. Academic interest was focused on the war in Vietnam, non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, the French Gaullist challenge to the European Communities and the student revolt in Paris. The Western democracies promoted the process of detente on the basis of three political illusions. They assumed that common institutions between East and West would generate a sense of common interest in European security, facilitating negotiated solutions of outstanding problems. They expected East-West economic cooperation to promote reform from above in the East, towards more open societies. They hoped to foster democracy and respect for human rights through cooperation in the cultural and human dimension. By 1989 all three of them had proven to be illusions. The end of the Soviet system came as a complete surprise to most politicians and to all Western advocates of detente in the Nineteen Eighties. The so-called dissidents won a peaceful victory over the one-party, repressive regimes in the East and helped to end the post-war division of Europe. Obviously, neither the (now former) communists nor the advocate s of detente ever admitted their wrong. So they went all into the business of proclaiming a new era as a continuation of the old one. The greatest catastrophe of the Twentieth Century was Lenin`s creation of totalitarian Soviet Russia at the end of the Great War and not its collapse at the end of the Cold War, as president Putin said in 2005. This volume particularly challenges the past illusions of detente and the present approach of organized forgetting the past. Since the successful and peaceful revolution in 1989 ended the division of Europe and the bipolar nuclear stalemate, we collectively entered the brave new world of organised forgetting. Nevertheless, the footprints of that past century are still all around. This series is intended to identify, to explain and to remember, because the more things are said to change, the more things appear to remain the same. We must therefore learn from history if only to avoid repeating a few of the blunders of the past century.
Author : Magdalena Zettl
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 8 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2013-12-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783656564973
Essay from the year 2012 in the subject Politics - History of Political Systems, grade: 1.7, , language: English, abstract: The end of the Cold War left many IR scholars puzzled: how could, after 40 years, the Cold War end that peacefully? Why did Soviet foreign policy change so drastically within a few years? How come US perception of the Soviet Union (SU) changed within a decade from the "evil empire" to an allied partner? Neither realism nor liberalism could have predicted or fully explained this event. Realism failed - firstly, because rivalry between the US and the SU ended peacefully; secondly, moving from a bipolar to a unipolar system clearly contradicted realist expectations on balance of power and power equilibrium (Risse-Kappen, 1994). Instead, the end of the Cold War proved the "unbashed victory of economic and political liberalism" (Fukuyama, 1989). SU's move toward liberal order brough forward the end of the Cold War, but this does not answer why the SU chose to adopt liberal order, why to such an extent and why around the mid 1980s. Hence, domestic factors, having been excluded from the analysis so far, must have played a key role. After a theoretical review on domestic variables in IR, I will analyze how domestic factors influenced Soviet foreign policy, especially Soviet "new thinkers", economic factors and domestic political infrastructure. To provide a complete analysis, I will also shed light on the influence of US5 domestic variables.
Author : Robert J. McMahon
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2021-02-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9780198859543
Vividly written and based on up-to-date scholarship, this title provides an interpretive overview of the international history of the Cold War.
Author : Richard Crowder
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2020-09-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781350147942
Between 1968 and 1975, there was a subtle thawing of relations between East and West, for which Brezhnev coined the name Détente, and – perhaps – a chance to end the Cold War. The leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union, Richard Nixon and Leonid Brezhnev, hoped to forge a new relationship between East and West. Yet, the greatest changes of the era took place outside the sphere of international diplomacy. The 1960s brought social collision across the world, from the anti-war protests in America to the student demonstrations on the streets of Paris, and Mao Tsetung's Red Guards in China. A new generation, whom advertising executives dubbed the baby-boomers, brought new attitudes to towards sex, gender, race, the environment and religion. In this book, Richard Crowder explores the years of Détente, and introduces us to the key players of the era, whose stories form the narrative of this book.
Author : Richard Crowder (Historian)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Cold War
ISBN : 1350147974
"Between 1968 and 1975, there was a subtle thawing of relations between East and West, for which Brezhnev coined the name Détente, and - perhaps - a chance to end the Cold War. The leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union, Richard Nixon and Leonid Brezhnev, hoped to forge a new relationship between East and West. Yet, the greatest changes of the era took place outside the sphere of international diplomacy. The 1960s brought social collision across the world, from the anti-war protests in America to the student demonstrations on the streets of Paris, and Mao Tsetung's Red Guards in China. A new generation, whom advertising executives dubbed the baby-boomers, brought new attitudes to towards sex, gender, race, the environment and religion. In this book, Richard Crowder explores the years of Détente, and introduces us to the key players of the era, whose stories form the narrative of this book."--
Author : Frances FitzGerald
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 592 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2001-02-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780743203777
Way Out There in the Blue is a major work of history by the Pulitzer Prizewinning author of Fire in the Lake. Using the Star Wars missile defense program as a magnifying glass on his presidency, Frances FitzGerald gives us a wholly original portrait of Ronald Reagan, the most puzzling president of the last half of the twentieth century. Reagan's presidency and the man himself have always been difficult to fathom. His influence was enormous, and the few powerful ideas he espoused remain with us still -- yet he seemed nothing more than a charming, simple-minded, inattentive actor. FitzGerald shows us a Reagan far more complex than the man we thought we knew. A master of the American language and of self-presentation, the greatest storyteller ever to occupy the Oval Office, Reagan created a compelling public persona that bore little relationship to himself. The real Ronald Reagan -- the Reagan who emerges from FitzGerald's book -- was a gifted politician with a deep understanding of the American national psyche and at the same time an executive almost totally disengaged from the policies of his administration and from the people who surrounded him. The idea that America should have an impregnable shield against nuclear weapons was Reagan's invention. His famous Star Wars speech, in which he promised us such a shield and called upon scientists to produce it, gave rise to the Strategic Defense Initiative. Reagan used his sure understanding of American mythology, history and politics to persuade the country that a perfect defense against Soviet nuclear weapons would be possible, even though the technology did not exist and was not remotely feasible. His idea turned into a multibillion-dollar research program. SDI played a central role in U.S.-Soviet relations at a crucial juncture in the Cold War, and in a different form it survives to this day. Drawing on prodigious research, including interviews with the participants, FitzGerald offers new insights into American foreign policy in the Reagan era. She gives us revealing portraits of major players in Reagan's administration, including George Shultz, Caspar Weinberger, Donald Regan and Paul Nitze, and she provides a radically new view of what happened at the Reagan-Gorbachev summits in Geneva, Reykjavik, Washington and Moscow. FitzGerald describes the fierce battles among Reagan's advisers and the frightening increase of Cold War tensions during Reagan's first term. She shows how the president who presided over the greatest peacetime military buildup came to espouse the elimination of nuclear weapons, and how the man who insisted that the Soviet Union was an "evil empire" came to embrace the Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, and to proclaim an end to the Cold War long before most in Washington understood that it had ended. Way Out There in the Blue is a ground-breaking history of the American side of the end of the Cold War. Both appalling and funny, it is a black comedy in which Reagan, playing the role he wrote for himself, is the hero.
Author : Andrew D. Grossman
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : History
ISBN : 0415929903
Empire's Children looks at works at by Rudyard Kipling, Frances Hodgson Burnett, E. Nesbit, Hugh Lofting, A.A. Milne, and Arthur Ransome for the ways these writers consciously and unconsciously used the metaphors of empire in their writing for children.
Author : Steven Casey
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 497 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Cold War
ISBN : 0415661013
The Cold War dominated international politics between 1945 and 1990, when the two superpowers, the United States and Soviet Union, vied for supremacy. Their clash profoundly influenced the main trends of the time, including economic development, technological change, and decolonization. It divided Europe, with the fault line running through Germany. Although it never erupted into a major superpower conflagration, it was a vicious struggle that was often fought through proxies in the Third World, periodically flared into searing 'limited' conflicts in Korea, Vietnam, and Afghanistan, and occasionally produced the most dangerous international crises, particularly over Berlin and Cuba, which brought the world to the brink of nuclear war. This new Routledge title is the first reference work authoritatively to draw together all the major works on this pivotal event.
Author : Peter Savigear
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Soviet Union
ISBN : 0745002927
Author : Lori Fisler Damrosch,Gennady M Danilenko,R. A. Mullerson
Publisher : Westview Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1995-03-29
Category : Law
ISBN : UOM:39015033965495
International law suffered a drastic loss of respect during the Cold War for being neither consistently observed nor enforced by the superpowers, especially when their vital interests were at stake. In this volume, authors from the United States and the former Soviet Union have worked in pairs on each of ten timely and important topics in international law, aiming toward genuinely collaborative scholarship to bridge and overcome Cold War divisions. The results make a significant and original contribution to a new generation of international legal scholarship.
Author : Erwin C. Hargrove
Publisher : LSU Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1999-03-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0807124257
Jimmy Carter was, according to Erwin Hargrove, the first modern Democratic president to be substantially ahead of the party coalition. Concerned with issues of the future -- inflation, the need for tax reform, energy shortages -- Carter anticipated many questions that are only now being addressed, nearly a decade after his troubled tenure in office.The years 1976 to 1980 were difficult years for a Democrat to be president -- especially difficult for a southern moderate who viewed the world in Wilsonian terms and who was politically unaligned, essentially an outsider in his party and in Washington. But Carter's inability to read or manipulate the political scene was not the only problem to beleaguer his presidency. Events such as the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the capture of American hostages in Iran also worked against Carter, creating situations in which no amount of political acumen could have salvaged his presidency.Hargrove places Carter in historical perspective. Examining his frequently overlooked successes, as well as his failures, Hargrove analyzes both the content and the methods of Carter's policy leadership. His style of leadership is studied in the light of his beliefs and values, and of his problem-solving skills and experience.This profile draws heavily upon interviews with members of Carter's White House staff. In a consideration for Carter's domestic, economic, and foreign policies, Hargrove shows the congruence of purpose, politics, and process as a president shapes decision making. Because Carter was skilled at solving specific problems, he achieved notable successes -- the Panama Canal Treaty, the Camp David Accord, and the SALT II talks -- when he could keep matters in his own hands. Yet, despite such policy successes, his inability to build strong coalitions and delegate authority, exacerbated by uncontrollable world events, doomed Carter to political defeat.Throughout Jimmy Carter as President, Hargrove emphasizes that in our assessment of presidents, we should evaluate skill within the historical context and thereby better understanding the ingredients of presidential success. Hargrove's effective and extensive use of interviews proves the advantages of integrating oral history into scholarly research and writing.