Neuroexistentialism

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Neuroexistentialism

Gregg D. Caruso,Owen J. Flanagan
Neuroexistentialism Book PDF

Author : Gregg D. Caruso,Owen J. Flanagan
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190460723

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Neuroexistentialism by Gregg D. Caruso,Owen J. Flanagan Pdf

Existentialism is a concern about the foundation of meaning, morals, and purpose. Existentialisms arise when some foundation for these elements of being is under assault. In the past, first-wave existentialism concerned the increasingly apparent inability of religion and religious tradition to provide such a foundation, as typified in the writings of Kierkegaard, Dostoevsky, and Nietzsche. Second-wave existentialism, personified philosophically by Sartre, Camus, and de Beauvoir, developed in response to the inability of an overly optimistic Enlightenment vision of reason and the common good to provide such a foundation. There is a third-wave existentialism, a new existentialism, developing in response to advances in the neurosciences that threaten the last vestiges of an immaterial soul or self. With the increasing explanatory and therapeutic power of neuroscience, the mind no longer stands apart from the world to serve as a foundation of meaning. This produces foundational anxiety. This collection of new essays explores the anxiety caused by this third-wave existentialism and some responses to it. It brings together some of the world's leading philosophers, neuroscientists, cognitive scientists, and legal scholars to tackle our neuroexistentialist predicament and explore what the mind sciences can tell us about morality, love, emotion, autonomy, consciousness, selfhood, free will, moral responsibility, law, the nature of criminal punishment, meaning in life, and purpose.

Neo-Existentialism

Markus Gabriel
Neo Existentialism Book PDF

Author : Markus Gabriel
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2018-11-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781509532506

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Neo-Existentialism by Markus Gabriel Pdf

In this highly original book, Markus Gabriel offers an account of the human self that overcomes the deadlocks inherent in the standard positions of contemporary philosophy of mind. His view, Neo-Existentialism, is thoroughly anti-naturalist in that it repudiates any theory according to which the ensemble of our best natural-scientific knowledge is able to account fully for human mindedness. Instead, he shows that human mindedness consists in an open-ended proliferation of mentalistic vocabularies. Their role in the human life form consists in making sense of the fact that the human being does not merely blend in with inanimate nature and the rest of the animal kingdom. Humans rely on a self-portrait that locates them in the broadest conceivable context of the universe. What distinguishes this self-portrait from our knowledge of natural reality is that we change in light of our true and false beliefs about the human being. Gabriel’s argument is challenged in this volume by Charles Taylor, Andrea Kern and Jocelyn Benoist. In defending his argument against these and other objections and in spelling out his theory of self-constitution, Gabriel refutes naturalism’s metaphysical claim to epistemic exclusiveness and opens up new paths for future self-knowledge beyond the contemporary ideology of the scientific worldview.

Free Will and Consciousness

Gregg D. Caruso
Free Will and Consciousness Book PDF

Author : Gregg D. Caruso
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780739171363

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Free Will and Consciousness by Gregg D. Caruso Pdf

In recent decades, with advances in the behavioral, cognitive, and neurosciences, the idea that patterns of human behavior may ultimately be due to factors beyond our conscious control has increasingly gained traction and renewed interest in the age-old problem of free will. In this book, Gregg D. Caruso examines both the traditional philosophical problems long associated with the question of free will, such as the relationship between determinism and free will, as well as recent experimental and theoretical work directly related to consciousness and human agency. He argues that our best scientific theories indeed have the consequence that factors beyond our control produce all of the actions we perform and that because of this we do not possess the kind of free will required for genuine or ultimate responsibility. It is further argued that the strong and pervasive belief in free will, which the author considers an illusion, can be accounted for through a careful analysis of our phenomenology and a proper theoretical understanding of consciousness. Indeed, the primary goal of this book is to argue that our subjective feeling of freedom, as reflected in the first-person phenomenology of agentive experience, is an illusion created by certain aspects of our consciousness.

Exploring the Illusion of Free Will and Moral Responsibility

Gregg D. Caruso
Exploring the Illusion of Free Will and Moral Responsibility Book PDF

Author : Gregg D. Caruso
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2013-07-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780739177327

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Exploring the Illusion of Free Will and Moral Responsibility by Gregg D. Caruso Pdf

Exploring the Illusion of Free Will and Moral Responsibility investigates the philosophical and scientific arguments for free will skepticism and their implications. Skepticism about free will and moral responsibility has been on the rise in recent years. In fact, a significant number of philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists now either doubt or outright deny the existence of free will and/or moral responsibility—and the list of prominent skeptics appears to grow by the day. Given the profound importance that the concepts of free will and moral responsibility hold in our lives—in understanding ourselves, society, and the law—it is important that we explore what is behind this new wave of skepticism. It is also important that we explore the potential consequences of skepticism for ourselves and society. Edited by Gregg D. Caruso, this collection of new essays brings together an internationally recognized line-up of contributors, most of whom hold skeptical positions of some sort, to display and explore the leading arguments for free will skepticism and to debate their implications.

Philosophy of Psychedelics

Chris Letheby
Philosophy of Psychedelics Book PDF

Author : Chris Letheby
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2021-08-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780192581099

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Philosophy of Psychedelics by Chris Letheby Pdf

Recent clinical trials show that psychedelics such as LSD and psilocybin can be given safely in controlled conditions, and can cause lasting psychological benefits with one or two administrations. Supervised psychedelic sessions can reduce symptoms of anxiety, depression, and addiction, and improve well-being in healthy volunteers, for months or even years. But these benefits seem to be mediated by "mystical" experiences of cosmic consciousness, which prompts a philosophical concern: do psychedelics cause psychological benefits by inducing false or implausible beliefs about the metaphysical nature of reality? This book is the first scholarly monograph in English devoted to the philosophical analysis of psychedelic drugs. Its central focus is the apparent conflict between the growing use of psychedelics in psychiatry and the philosophical worldview of naturalism. Within the book, Letheby integrates empirical evidence and philosophical considerations in the service of a simple conclusion: this "Comforting Delusion Objection" to psychedelic therapy fails. While exotic metaphysical ideas do sometimes come up, they are not, on closer inspection, the central driver of change in psychedelic therapy. Psychedelics lead to lasting benefits by altering the sense of self, and changing how people relate to their own minds and lives-not by changing their beliefs about the ultimate nature of reality. The upshot is that a traditional conception of psychedelics as agents of insight and spirituality can be reconciled with naturalism (the philosophical position that the natural world is all there is). Controlled psychedelic use can lead to genuine forms of knowledge gain and spiritual growth-even if no Cosmic Consciousness or transcendent divine Reality exists. Philosophy of Psychedelics is an indispensable guide to the literature for researchers already engaged in the field of psychedelic psychiatry, and for researchers-especially philosophers-who want to become acquainted with this increasingly topical field.

Neuropsychoanalysis in Practice

Georg Northoff
Neuropsychoanalysis in Practice Book PDF

Author : Georg Northoff
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2011-06-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199599691

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Neuropsychoanalysis in Practice by Georg Northoff Pdf

Neuropsychoanalysis in Practice links the psyche's different psychodynamic processes to specific neuronal mechanisms in the brain. The book focuses specifically on how the brain is organized and how this organization enables the brain to differentiate between neuronal and psychodynamic states, that is, the brain and the psyche.

Rejecting Retributivism

Gregg D. Caruso
Rejecting Retributivism Book PDF

Author : Gregg D. Caruso
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2021-04-29
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781108484701

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Rejecting Retributivism by Gregg D. Caruso Pdf

Caruso argues against retributivism and develops an alternative for addressing criminal behavior that is ethically defensible and practical.

In Consciousness we Trust

Hakwan Lau
In Consciousness we Trust Book PDF

Author : Hakwan Lau
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2022-02-10
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780192598806

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In Consciousness we Trust by Hakwan Lau Pdf

In Consciousness We Trust is a synthesis of Hakwan Lau's 20-year research programme exploring the neuroscience of consciousness. Discussing studies from his own laboratory, Lau uses various neuroscience techniques to address challenging philosophical questions about the nature of our subjective experience. Considering the qualitative nature of subjective experience, the book reviews the current cognitive neuroscience literature on conscious perception, attention, and metacognition and puts forward a mechanistic account of experience through the context of personal journey. Chapters cover different major theoretical positions, to relate the nature of consciousness to relevant phenomena such as attention, metacognition, rational control, emotion, and sense of agency. This is a must-read for graduate students and researchers in cognitive neuroscience and philosophy, and an important contribution to the consciousness literature. This is an open access title available under the terms of a [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International] licence.

Just Deserts

Daniel C. Dennett,Gregg D. Caruso
Just Deserts Book PDF

Author : Daniel C. Dennett,Gregg D. Caruso
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 145 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2021-01-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781509545773

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Just Deserts by Daniel C. Dennett,Gregg D. Caruso Pdf

The concept of free will is profoundly important to our self-understanding, our interpersonal relationships, and our moral and legal practices. If it turns out that no one is ever free and morally responsible, what would that mean for society, morality, meaning, and the law? Just Deserts brings together two philosophers – Daniel C. Dennett and Gregg D. Caruso – to debate their respective views on free will, moral responsibility, and legal punishment. In three extended conversations, Dennett and Caruso present their arguments for and against the existence of free will and debate their implications. Dennett argues that the kind of free will required for moral responsibility is compatible with determinism – for him, self-control is key; we are not responsible for becoming responsible, but are responsible for staying responsible, for keeping would-be puppeteers at bay. Caruso takes the opposite view, arguing that who we are and what we do is ultimately the result of factors beyond our control, and because of this we are never morally responsible for our actions in the sense that would make us truly deserving of blame and praise, punishment and reward. Just Deserts introduces the concepts central to the debate about free will and moral responsibility by way of an entertaining, rigorous, and sometimes heated philosophical dialogue between two leading thinkers.

The Adaptable Mind

John Zerilli
The Adaptable Mind Book PDF

Author : John Zerilli
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2020-11-20
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780190067908

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The Adaptable Mind by John Zerilli Pdf

A familiar trope of cognitive science, linguistics, and the philosophy of psychology over the past forty or so years has been the idea of the mind as a modular system-that is, one consisting of functionally specialized subsystems responsible for processing different classes of input, or handling specific cognitive tasks like vision, language, logic, music, and so on. However, one of the major achievements of neuroscience has been the discovery that the brain has incredible powers of renewal and reorganization. This "neuroplasticity," in its various forms, has challenged many of the orthodox conceptions of the mind which originally led cognitive scientists to postulate hardwired mental modules. This book examines how such discoveries have changed the way we think about the structure of the mind. It contends that the mind is more supple than prevailing theories in cognitive science and artificial intelligence acknowledge. The book uses language as a test case. The claim that language is cognitively special has often been understood as the claim that it is underpinned by dedicated-and innate-cognitive mechanisms. Zerilli offers a fresh take on how our linguistic abilities could be domain-general: enabled by a composite of very small and redundant cognitive subsystems, few if any of which are likely to be specialized for language. In arguing for this position, however, the book takes seriously various cases suggesting that language dissociates from other cognitive faculties. Accessibly written, The Adaptable Mind is a fascinating account of neuroplasticity, neural reuse, the modularity of mind, the evolution of language, and faculty psychology.

The Really Hard Problem

Owen Flanagan
The Really Hard Problem Book PDF

Author : Owen Flanagan
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2009-02-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262262750

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The Really Hard Problem by Owen Flanagan Pdf

A noted philosopher proposes a naturalistic (rather than supernaturalistic) way to solve the "really hard problem": how to live in a meaningful way—how to live a life that really matters—even as a finite material being living in a material world. If consciousness is "the hard problem" in mind science—explaining how the amazing private world of consciousness emerges from neuronal activity—then "the really hard problem," writes Owen Flanagan in this provocative book, is explaining how meaning is possible in the material world. How can we make sense of the magic and mystery of life naturalistically, without an appeal to the supernatural? How do we say truthful and enchanting things about being human if we accept the fact that we are finite material beings living in a material world, or, in Flanagan's description, short-lived pieces of organized cells and tissue? Flanagan's answer is both naturalistic and enchanting. We all wish to live in a meaningful way, to live a life that really matters, to flourish, to achieve eudaimonia—to be a "happy spirit." Flanagan calls his "empirical-normative" inquiry into the nature, causes, and conditions of human flourishing eudaimonics. Eudaimonics, systematic philosophical investigation that is continuous with science, is the naturalist's response to those who say that science has robbed the world of the meaning that fantastical, wishful stories once provided. Flanagan draws on philosophy, neuroscience, evolutionary biology, and psychology, as well as on transformative mindfulness and self-cultivation practices that come from such nontheistic spiritual traditions as Buddhism, Confucianism, Aristotelianism, and Stoicism, in his quest. He gathers from these disciplines knowledge that will help us understand the nature, causes, and constituents of well-being and advance human flourishing. Eudaimonics can help us find out how to make a difference, how to contribute to the accumulation of good effects—how to live a meaningful life.

A Theory of Determinism

Ted Honderich
A Theory of Determinism Book PDF

Author : Ted Honderich
Publisher : Oxford [England] : Clarendon Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Determinism
ISBN : 0198242832

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A Theory of Determinism by Ted Honderich Pdf

Honderich poses the following question: if determinism is true, and free will an illusion, what are the consequences? Honderich maintains that both of the entrenched and traditional doctrines about the consequences of determinism, Compatibilism and Incompatibilism, are provably false, and formulates a new answer to the question.

The Reality of the Mind

Ludger Hölscher
The Reality of the Mind Book PDF

Author : Ludger Hölscher
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 355 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2013-05-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134049073

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The Reality of the Mind by Ludger Hölscher Pdf

Among the various approaches to the question of the nature of the mind (or soul), Augustine’s philosophical arguments for the existence of an incorporeal and spiritual substance in man and against materialism are here thoroughly examined on their merits as a source of insight for contemporary discussion. This book, originally published in 1986, employs Augustine’s method of introspection, and argues that, as a philosopher, Augustine can teach the modern mind how to detect the reality of such a spiritual subject in and through basic human acts and faculties, such as imagination, memory, knowledge, free-will and self-knowledge. It presents a critical dialogue with various materialistic anthropologies directly addressed by Augustine himself, or those which have arisen at later periods, including epiphenomenalism, mind-brain identity theory, Marxism and others.

Human Nature and the Limits of Science

John Dupré
Human Nature and the Limits of Science Book PDF

Author : John Dupré
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780199248063

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Human Nature and the Limits of Science by John Dupré Pdf

Dupré warns that our understanding of human nature is being distorted by two faulty and harmful forms of pseudo-scientific thinking. He claims it is important to resist scientism - an exaggerated conception of what science can be expected to do.

Is Nature Enough?

John F. Haught
Is Nature Enough Book PDF

Author : John F. Haught
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2006-05-04
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781139454919

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Is Nature Enough? by John F. Haught Pdf

Is nature all there is? John Haught examines this question and in doing so addresses a fundamental issue in the dialogue of science with religion. The belief that nature is all there is and that no overall purpose exists in the universe is known broadly as 'naturalism'. Naturalism, in this context, denies the existence of any realities distinct from the natural world and human culture. Since the rise of science in the modern world has had so much influence on naturalism's intellectual acceptance, the author focuses on 'scientific' naturalism and the way in which its defenders are now attempting to put a distance between contemporary thought and humanity's religious traditions. Haught seeks to provide a reasonable, scientifically informed alternative to naturalism. His approach will provide the basis for lively discussion among students, scholars, scientists, theologians and intellectually curious people in general.