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Author : Anonim
Publisher : IICA
Page : 79 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2024-07-02
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : Anonim
Publisher : IICA
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2024-07-02
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : Ray D. Bollman,John M. Bryden
Publisher : Cabi
Page : 490 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015041093868
Education and youth; Lifestyle choice and commuting; Rural entreprises; Agriculture and rural employment; Rural employment policy.
Author : Gertrud Buchenrieder
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Manpower policy, Rural
ISBN : CORNELL:31924100408628
Evidence from many low income countries over the last decade shows that the share of rural household income from non-farm sources is growing. Empirical research found that non-farm sources contribute 40-50% to average rural household income. Most of this income originates from local rural sources. Thus, non-farm rural employment is gaining prominence in debates on rural development, particularly in the sense of reducing poverty in farm households and contributing to sustainable livelihoods. Farm households have been observed to follow a multitude of strategies to prepare for and cope with different kinds of risks and thus reduce their livelihood vulnerability. As it concerns income creating strategies, they can be grouped into two categories: (i) adjusting and diversifying farm production activities and (ii) non-farm activities (on- and off-farm) such as wage- and self-employment in the same region or urban centres, implying temporary or permanent migration. In summarysing, it can be stated that diversity and sustainability of livelihoods play a key role in rural households' strategies to ensure survival under difficult ecological and economic conditions. Some common patterns can be identified: if access to farm land is a limiting factor for rural households, even low-paid jobs in the non-farm sector are of key importance to make a living. If land supply is elastic and accessible to rural households, the diversification of farm activities is followed as the main strategy to secure their livelihoods, often supplemented by some form of non-farm rural employment. In general, the farm size must surpass a critical threshold to create capacities to engage in better paid non-farm rural employment, which limits policy options to refer to non-farm rural employment as a silver bullet accessible to all social groups when fighting rural mass poverty. Also, the role of social capital assets cannot be underestimated as it paves the way for profitable forms of non-farm rural employment. This edited volume is a collection of topical papers presented at the Deutsche Tropentag (DTT) 2001 "One World - Research for a Better Quality of Life" that was held at the University of Bonn from October. 9th to 11th, 2001 in Bonn. Papers of the thematic sessions on "Conflicts, Migration and Rural Development" as well as "Poverty and Livelihood Strategies" are combined in this publication. The papers deal with the issues of non-farm rural employment for sustainable rural livelihoods. It also includes one topical paper that was presented at the 42nd Annual Conference of the Gesellschaft für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften des Landbaus (GEWISOLA) "Perspectives for the European Agricultural and Food Sector Following Eastern Enlargement", September 30 to October 2, 2002, at the Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany. The contributions in this volume on non-farm rural employment and its poverty alleviation impact on farm households and policy options contains are from six case countries (Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala as well as Bulgaria, Kosovo, and Romania) in two distinct regions (Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe).
Author : Gunvant M. Desai,Michael Schluter
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 11 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Agriculture and state
ISBN : LCCN:93984171
Author : Carlos Oya,Nicola Pontara
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2015-05-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317562917
There is a striking scarcity of work conducted on rural labour markets in the developing world, particularly in Africa. This book aims to fill this gap by bringing together a group of contributors who boast substantial field experience researching rural wage employment in various developing countries. It provides critical perspectives on mainstream approaches to rural/agrarian development, and analysis of agrarian change and rural transformations from a long-term perspective. This book challenges the notion that rural areas in low- and middle-income countries are dominated by self-employment. It purports that this conventional view is largely due to the application of conceptual frameworks and statistical conventions that are ill-equipped to capture labour market participation. The contributions in this book offer a variety of methodological lessons for the study of rural labour markets, focusing in particular on the use of mixed methods in micro-level field research, and more emphasis on capturing occupation multiplicity. The emphasis on context, history, and specific configurations of power relations affecting rural labour market outcomes are key and reoccurring features of this book. This analysis will help readers think about policy options to improve the quantity and quality of rural wage employment, their impact on the poorest rural people, and their political feasibility in each context.
Author : J. D. Rogers
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Agriculture and state
ISBN : MINN:31951001397188N
ILO pub-WEP pub-JASPA pub. Report on rural development trends (1970s-1980s) and the impact on rural employment and income in Ethiopia - examines the rural economy, agricultural production (crops and livestock), land tenure, land ownership, rural urban disparity, rural population, labour force, unemployment and rural migration; discusses rural area development policies, land reform, rural cooperatives, agricultural cooperatives, educational policies, the educational system and literacy. References, statistical tables.
Author : David L. Jessee,John Williams Mellor,Phillips Foster,Russell H. Brannon,United States. Agency for International Development. Economics and Sector Planning Division,Wayne A. Schutjer,William Charles Merrill
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 484 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1975
Category : Agricultural innovations
ISBN : OSU:32435028723310
Author : Raymond E. Dumett,Lawrence J. Brainard
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2021-12-06
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789004476271
Author : Ian Hodge,Martin Charles Whitby
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1981-01-01
Category : Developing countries
ISBN : 0416730809
Author : Gordon Betcherman,Martin Rama
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2016-10-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780191070945
This book is a sequel to the World Bank's World Development Report 2013: Jobs. The central message of that report was that job creation is at the heart of development. Jobs raise living standards and lift people out of poverty, they contribute to gains in aggregate productivity, and they may even foster social cohesion. In doing so, jobs may have spillovers beyond the private returns they offer to those who hold them. Poverty reduction is arguably a public good, making everybody better off; higher productivity spreads across co-workers, clusters, and cities; and social cohesion improves the outcomes of collective decision-making. But which jobs make the greatest contribution to development and what policies can facilitate the creation of more of these jobs? There is no universal answer - it depends on the country's level of development, demography, natural endowments, and institutions. This volume explores the diversity of jobs challenges and solutions through case studies of seven developing countries. These countries, drawn from four continents, represent seven different contexts - a small island nation (St. Lucia), a resource-rich country (Papua New Guinea), agrarian (Mozambique), urbanizing (Bangladesh), and formalizing (Mexico) economies, as well as young (Tunisia) and aging (Ukraine) populations. Using methods drawn from several branches of economics and the social sciences more broadly and analyzing a wide range of data, the authors show the different ways in which jobs have contributed to social and economic development in the countries they have studied and how they can contribute in the future. The policy priorities vary accordingly. They often extend well beyond traditional labor market instruments to include policy areas not typically considered in national growth strategies.
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Rural Development, Agriculture, and Related Agencies
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1162 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : United States
ISBN : UOM:39015014143146
Author : Merilee S. Grindle
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2019-01-24
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781501734878
Throughout the Third World, rural people must leave their homes in ever greater numbers to seek temporary work in urban centers, in distant rural areas, or across international borders. This temporary labor migration, less an option than a necessity for many, is symptomatic of rural stagnation and increasing economic dependence and is most prevalent in regions where the base for agricultural development is poor. Searching for Rural Development addresses the critical question of how rural development strategies can help provide more secure livelihoods for the millions who are now unable to sustain themselves and their families in local communities. Focusing on Mexico, Merilee S. Grindle examines how rural families adapt to the paucity of local employment opportunities by pursuing complex strategies of income diversification. She assesses various options for creating jobs in rural and semirural areas and considers how recommended rural development policies can be implemented through the political process.
Author : B. H. Kinsey
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Developing countries
ISBN : 0709915578
Author : Pravin Visaria,Rakesh Basant
Publisher : SAGE Publications Pvt. Limited
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1995-01-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0803991916
"The cumulative contribution of . . . the papers is enormous. clearly the thrust of the publication is most appropriate at this time when workers laboring on family farms in low- and middle-income countries account for 40% of the work labor force. Exploring options for those openly unemployed or underemployed is indeed a worthy cause. This publication is a gold mine for scholars and policymakers alike inasmuch as it offers a variety of testable hypotheses." --Balbir S. Sahni in Pacific Affairs "Though a volume based on a seminar is conditioned by the papers presented by the participants, this book is an exception in that the editors have done a laudable job. . . . Every paper reveals a high quality of research. A perusal of the book will show that Indian economists are as good as their counterparts elsewhere." --The Hindu "This book will be of use to all those interested in employment in the rural non-agricultural sector." --Asian Economic Review "This publication is a gold mine for scholars and policy makers alike in as much as it offers a variety of testable hypotheses." --Pacific Affairs "The book provides useful material for policy makers and researchers. It is welcome addition to the existing literature on rural non-agricultural employment." --Review of Development and Change A dynamic nonagricultural sector in rural areas is increasingly being seen as a major source for generating employment in India. It is also considered to be an avenue for decentralized industrial development which can reduce the burden on the over-stretched urban infrastructure. This volume is a timely empirical contribution to our understanding of this process of economic diversification in rural India. Taking into account all the available evidence, it constitutes the first extensive and up-to-date analysis of the nature, trends, and determinants of rural non-agricultural employment in India. Further, it examines the inter- and intra-state variations in the levels of such activity and reviews the methodological issues involved in studying economic diversification at various levels of spacial disaggregation. Appearing at a time when India is in the process of reevaluating and altering its development strategies, this book will be invaluable for policy makers and social scientists interested in issues relating to employment, development strategies, and economic diversification.