Nomic Truth Approximation Revisited

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Nomic Truth Approximation Revisited

Theo A. F. Kuipers
Nomic Truth Approximation Revisited Book PDF

Author : Theo A. F. Kuipers
Publisher : Springer
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2019-03-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319983882

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Nomic Truth Approximation Revisited by Theo A. F. Kuipers Pdf

This monograph presents new ideas in nomic truth approximation. It features original and revised papers from a (formal) philosopher of science who has studied the concept for more than 35 years. Over the course of time, the author's initial ideas evolved. He discovered a way to generalize his first theory of nomic truth approximation, viz. by dropping an unnecessarily strong assumption. In particular, he first believed to have to assume that theories were maximally specific in the sense that they did not only exclude certain conceptual possibilities, but also that all non-excluded possibilities were in fact claimed to be nomically possible. Now, he argues that the exclusion claim alone, or for that matter the inclusion claim alone, is sufficient to motivate the formal definition of being closer to the nomic truth. The papers collected here detail this generalized view of nomic truthlikeness or verisimilitude. Besides this, the book presents, in adapted form, the relation with several other topics, such as, domain revision, aesthetic progress, abduction, inference to the best explanation, pragmatic aspects, probabilistic methods, belief revision and epistemological positions, notably constructive realism. Overall, the volume presents profound insight into nomic truth approximation. This idea seeks to determine how one theory can be closer to, or more similar to, the truth about what is nomically, e.g. physically, chemically, biologically, possible than another theory. As a result, it represents the ultimate goal of theory oriented empirical science. Theo Kuipers is the author of Studies in Inductive Probability and Rational Expectation (1978), From Instrumentalism to Constructive Realism (2000) and Structures in Science (2001). He is the volume-editor of the Handbook on General Philosophy of Science (2007). In 2005 there appeared two volumes of Essays in Debate with Theo Kuipers, entitled Confirmation, Empirical Progress, and Truth Approximation and Cognitive Structures in Scientific Inquiry.

New Approaches to Scientific Realism

Wenceslao J. Gonzalez
New Approaches to Scientific Realism Book PDF

Author : Wenceslao J. Gonzalez
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 465 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2020-08-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110664737

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New Approaches to Scientific Realism by Wenceslao J. Gonzalez Pdf

Scientific realism is at the core of the contemporary philosophical debate on science. This book analyzes new versions of scientific realism. It makes explicit the advantages of scientific realism over alternatives and antagonists, contributes to deciding which of the new approaches better meets the descriptive and the prescriptive criteria, and expands the philosophico-methodological field to take in new topics and disciplines.

The Art of Abduction

Igor Douven
The Art of Abduction Book PDF

Author : Igor Douven
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2022-11-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262369916

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The Art of Abduction by Igor Douven Pdf

A novel defense of abduction, one of the main forms of nondeductive reasoning. With this book, Igor Douven offers the first comprehensive defense of abduction, a form of nondeductive reasoning. Abductive reasoning, which is guided by explanatory considerations, has been under normative pressure since the advent of Bayesian approaches to rationality. Douven argues that, although it deviates from Bayesian tenets, abduction is nonetheless rational. Drawing on scientific results, in particular those from reasoning research, and using computer simulations, Douven addresses the main critiques of abduction. He shows that versions of abduction can perform better than the currently popular Bayesian approaches—and can even do the sort of heavy lifting that philosophers have hoped it would do. Douven examines abduction in detail, comparing it to other modes of inference, explaining its historical roots, discussing various definitions of abduction given in the philosophical literature, and addressing the problem of underdetermination. He looks at reasoning research that investigates how judgments of explanation quality affect people’s beliefs and especially their changes of belief. He considers the two main objections to abduction, the dynamic Dutch book argument, and the inaccuracy-minimization argument, and then gives abduction a positive grounding, using agent-based models to show the superiority of abduction in some contexts. Finally, he puts abduction to work in a well-known underdetermination argument, the argument for skepticism regarding the external world.

Current Trends in Philosophy of Science

Wenceslao J. Gonzalez
Current Trends in Philosophy of Science Book PDF

Author : Wenceslao J. Gonzalez
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2022-07-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783031013157

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Current Trends in Philosophy of Science by Wenceslao J. Gonzalez Pdf

This book seeks to provide new perspectives, to broaden the field of philosophy of science, or to renew themes that have had a great impact on the profession. Thus, after an initial chapter to situate the current trends in philosophy of science and the prospective of the near future, it offers contributions in five thematic blocks: I) Philosophy of Medicine and Climate Change; II) Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet; III) New Analyses of Probability and the Use of Mathematics in Practice; IV) Scientific Progress Revisited; and V) Scientific Realism and the Instrumentalist Alternative. Within this framework, the volume addresses such relevant issues as the methodological validity of medical evidence or decision making in situations of uncertainty; recent advances in Artificial Intelligence and the future of the Internet; current forms of empirically based methodological pluralism and new ways of understanding mathematics with scientific practice; and the revision of the approaches to scientific progress based on the experiences accumulated in recent decades.

Truth-Seeking by Abduction

Ilkka Niiniluoto
Truth Seeking by Abduction Book PDF

Author : Ilkka Niiniluoto
Publisher : Springer
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2018-10-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319991573

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Truth-Seeking by Abduction by Ilkka Niiniluoto Pdf

This book examines the philosophical conception of abductive reasoning as developed by Charles S. Peirce, the founder of American pragmatism. It explores the historical and systematic connections of Peirce's original ideas and debates about their interpretations. Abduction is understood in a broad sense which covers the discovery and pursuit of hypotheses and inference to the best explanation. The analysis presents fresh insights into this notion of reasoning, which derives from effects to causes or from surprising observations to explanatory theories. The author outlines some logical and AI approaches to abduction as well as studies various kinds of inverse problems in astronomy, physics, medicine, biology, and human sciences to provide examples of retroductions and abductions. The discussion covers also everyday examples with the implication of this notion in detective stories, one of Peirce’s own favorite themes. The author uses Bayesian probabilities to argue that explanatory abduction is a method of confirmation. He uses his own account of truth approximation to reformulate abduction as inference which leads to the truthlikeness of its conclusion. This allows a powerful abductive defense of scientific realism. This up-to-date survey and defense of the Peircean view of abduction may very well help researchers, students, and philosophers better understand the logic of truth-seeking.

EPSA15 Selected Papers

Michela Massimi,Jan-Willem Romeijn,Gerhard Schurz
EPSA15 Selected Papers Book PDF

Author : Michela Massimi,Jan-Willem Romeijn,Gerhard Schurz
Publisher : Springer
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2017-04-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319537306

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EPSA15 Selected Papers by Michela Massimi,Jan-Willem Romeijn,Gerhard Schurz Pdf

This edited collection showcases some of the best recent research in the philosophy of science. It comprises of thematically arranged papers presented at the 5th conference of the European Philosophy of Science Association (EPSA15), covering a broad variety of topics within general philosophy of science, and philosophical issues pertaining to specific sciences. The collection will appeal to researchers with an interest in the philosophical underpinnings of their own discipline, and to philosophers who wish to study the latest work on the themes discussed.

Science Between Truth and Ethical Responsibility

Mario Alai,Marco Buzzoni,Gino Tarozzi
Science Between Truth and Ethical Responsibility Book PDF

Author : Mario Alai,Marco Buzzoni,Gino Tarozzi
Publisher : Springer
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2015-04-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319163697

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Science Between Truth and Ethical Responsibility by Mario Alai,Marco Buzzoni,Gino Tarozzi Pdf

This book offers the most complete and up-to-date overview of the philosophical work of Evandro Agazzi, presently the most important Italian philosopher of science and one of the most influential in the world. Scholars from seven countries explore his contributions in areas ranging from philosophy of physics and general philosophy of science to bioethics, philosophy of mathematics and logic, epistemology of the social sciences and history of science, philosophy of language and artificial intelligence, education and anthropology, metaphysics and philosophy of religion. Agazzi developed a complete and coherent philosophical system, anticipating some of the turns in the philosophy of science after the crisis of logical empiricism and exerting an equal influence on continental hermeneutic philosophy. His work is characterized by an original synthesis of contemporary analytic philosophy, phenomenology and classical philosophy, including the scholastic tradition and these threads are reflected in the different backgrounds of the contributors to this book. While upholding the epistemological value of science against scepticism and relativism, Agazzi eschews scientism by stressing the equal importance of non-scientific forms of thought, such as metaphysics and religion. While defending the freedom of research as a cognitive enterprise, he argues that as a human and social practice it must nonetheless respect ethical constraints.

Handbook of Abductive Cognition

Lorenzo Magnani
Handbook of Abductive Cognition Book PDF

Author : Lorenzo Magnani
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 1921 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2023-03-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031101359

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Handbook of Abductive Cognition by Lorenzo Magnani Pdf

This Handbook offers the first comprehensive reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of abductive cognition, providing readers with extensive information on the process of reasoning to hypotheses in humans, animals, and in computational machines. It highlights the role of abduction in both theory practice: in generating and testing hypotheses and explanatory functions for various purposes and as an educational device. It merges logical, cognitive, epistemological and philosophical perspectives with more practical needs relating to the application of abduction across various disciplines and practices, such as in diagnosis, creative reasoning, scientific discovery, diagrammatic and ignorance-based cognition, and adversarial strategies. It also discusses the inferential role of models in hypothetical reasoning, abduction and creativity, including the process of development, implementation and manipulation for different scientific and technological purposes. Written by a group of internationally renowned experts in philosophy, logic, general epistemology, mathematics, cognitive, and computer science, as well as life sciences, engineering, architecture, and economics, the Handbook of Abductive Cognition offers a unique reference guide for readers approaching the process of reasoning to hypotheses from different perspectives and for various theoretical and practical purposes. Numerous diagrams, schemes and other visual representations are included to promote a better understanding of the relevant concepts and to make concepts highly accessible to an audience of scholars and students with different scientific backgrounds.

Recent Developments in the Philosophy of Science: EPSA13 Helsinki

Uskali Mäki,Ioannis Votsis,Stéphanie Ruphy,Gerhard Schurz
Recent Developments in the Philosophy of Science EPSA13 Helsinki Book PDF

Author : Uskali Mäki,Ioannis Votsis,Stéphanie Ruphy,Gerhard Schurz
Publisher : Springer
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2015-09-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319230153

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Recent Developments in the Philosophy of Science: EPSA13 Helsinki by Uskali Mäki,Ioannis Votsis,Stéphanie Ruphy,Gerhard Schurz Pdf

This volume showcases the best of recent research in the philosophy of science. A compilation of papers presented at the EPSA 13, it explores a broad distribution of topics such as causation, truthlikeness, scientific representation, gender-specific medicine, laws of nature, science funding and the wisdom of crowds. Papers are organised into headings which form the structure of the book. Readers will find that it covers several major fields within the philosophy of science, from general philosophy of science to the more specific philosophy of physics, philosophy of chemistry, philosophy of the life sciences, philosophy of psychology, and philosophy of the social sciences and humanities, amongst others. This volume provides an excellent overview of the state of the art in the philosophy of science, as practiced in different European countries and beyond. ​It will appeal to researchers with an interest in the philosophical underpinnings of their own discipline, and to philosophers who wish to explore the latest work on the themes explored.

New Philosophical Perspectives on Scientific Progress

Yafeng Shan
New Philosophical Perspectives on Scientific Progress Book PDF

Author : Yafeng Shan
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2022-11-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000780888

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New Philosophical Perspectives on Scientific Progress by Yafeng Shan Pdf

This collection of original essays offers a comprehensive examination of scientific progress, which has been a central topic in recent debates in philosophy of science. Traditionally, debates over scientific progress have focused on different methodological approaches, notably the epistemic and semantic approaches. The chapters in Part I of the book examine these two traditional approaches, as well as the newly revived functional and newly developed noetic approaches. Part II features in-depth case studies of scientific progress from the history of science. The chapters cover individual sciences including physics, chemistry, evolutionary biology, seismology, psychology, sociology, economics, and medicine. Finally, Part III of the book explores important issues from contemporary philosophy of science. These chapters address the implications of scientific progress for the scientific realism/anti-realism debate, incommensurability, values in science, idealisation, scientific speculation, interdisciplinarity, and scientific perspectivalism. New Philosophical Perspectives on Scientific Progress will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working on the history and philosophy of science.

The Relativity of Theory

Moti Mizrahi
The Relativity of Theory Book PDF

Author : Moti Mizrahi
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2020-09-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030580476

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The Relativity of Theory by Moti Mizrahi Pdf

This book offers a close and rigorous examination of the arguments for and against scientific realism and introduces key positions in the scientific realism/antirealism debate, which is one of the central debates in contemporary philosophy of science. On the one hand, scientific realists argue that we have good reasons to believe that our best scientific theories are approximately true because, if they were not even approximately true, they would not be able to explain and predict natural phenomena with such impressive accuracy. On the other hand, antirealists argue that the success of science does not warrant belief in the approximate truth of our best scientific theories. This is because the history of science is a graveyard of theories that were once successful but were later discarded. The author eventually settles on a middle-ground position between scientific realism and antirealism called “relative realism”.

The Oxford Handbook of Charles S. Peirce

Cornelis De Waal
The Oxford Handbook of Charles S Peirce Book PDF

Author : Cornelis De Waal
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 697 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2024
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780197548561

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The Oxford Handbook of Charles S. Peirce by Cornelis De Waal Pdf

"The Oxford Handbook of Charles S. Peirce brings together 35 essays on the American philosopher and polymath Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) with the aim of showing how his work is still relevant today. The volume takes its cues from Peirce's work in phenomenology and normative philosophy-where the latter includes, besides aesthetics and ethics, also logic. Within the domain of logic, attention is given to his work in formal logic as well as his work in graphical or diagrammatic logic. Ample attention is given also to Peirce's pragmatism and his metaphysics. The volume further includes biographical papers as well as papers on abduction, semiotics, linguistics, physics, biology, religion, history, science, and education"--

Logic, Reasoning, and Rationality

Erik Weber,Dietlinde Wouters,Joke Meheus
Logic Reasoning and Rationality Book PDF

Author : Erik Weber,Dietlinde Wouters,Joke Meheus
Publisher : Springer
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2014-08-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401790116

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Logic, Reasoning, and Rationality by Erik Weber,Dietlinde Wouters,Joke Meheus Pdf

This book contains a selection of the papers presented at the Logic, Reasoning and Rationality 2010 conference (LRR10) in Ghent. The conference aimed at stimulating the use of formal frameworks to explicate concrete cases of human reasoning, and conversely, to challenge scholars in formal studies by presenting them with interesting new cases of actual reasoning. According to the members of the Wiener Kreis, there was a strong connection between logic, reasoning, and rationality and that human reasoning is rational in so far as it is based on (classical) logic. Later, this belief came under attack and logic was deemed inadequate to explicate actual cases of human reasoning. Today, there is a growing interest in reconnecting logic, reasoning and rationality. A central motor for this change was the development of non-classical logics and non-classical formal frameworks. The book contains contributions in various non-classical formal frameworks, case studies that enhance our apprehension of concrete reasoning patterns, and studies of the philosophical implications for our understanding of the notions of rationality.

Structures in Science

Theo A.F. Kuipers
Structures in Science Book PDF

Author : Theo A.F. Kuipers
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401597395

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Structures in Science by Theo A.F. Kuipers Pdf

Although there is an abundance of highly specialized monographs, learned collections and general introductions to the philosophy of science, only a few 25 years. synthetic monographs and advanced textbooks have appeared in the last The philosophy of science seems to have lost its self-confidence. The main reason for such a loss is that the traditional analytical, logical-empiricist approaches to the philosophy of science had to make a number of concessions, especially in response to the work of Popper, Kuhn and Lakatos. With Structures in Science I intend to present both a synthetic mono graph and an advanced textbook that accommodates and integrates the insight of these philosophers, in what I like to call a neo-classical approach. The resulting monograph elaborates several important topics from one or more perspectives, by distinguishing various kinds of research programs, and various ways of explaining and reducing laws and concepts, and by summarizing an integrated explication (presented in From Instrumentalism to Constructive Realism, ICR) of the notions of confirmation, empirical progress and truth approximation.

Confirmation, Empirical Progress, and Truth Approximation

Roberto Festa,Atocha Aliseda,Adriana Johanna Maria Peijnenburg
Confirmation Empirical Progress and Truth Approximation Book PDF

Author : Roberto Festa,Atocha Aliseda,Adriana Johanna Maria Peijnenburg
Publisher : Rodopi
Page : 544 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789042016385

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Confirmation, Empirical Progress, and Truth Approximation by Roberto Festa,Atocha Aliseda,Adriana Johanna Maria Peijnenburg Pdf

This book is the first of two volumes devoted to the work of Theo Kuipers, a leading Dutch philosopher of science. Philosophers and scientists from all over the world, thirty seven in all, comment on Kuipers' philosophy, and each of their commentaries is followed by a reply from Kuipers. The present volume focuses on Kuipers' views on confirmation, empirical progress, and truth approximation, as laid down in his From Instrumentalism to Constructive Realism (Kluwer, 2000). In this book, Kuipers offered a synthesis of Carnap's and Hempel's confirmation theory on the one hand, and Popper's theory of truth approximation on the other. The key element of this synthesis is a sophisticated methodology, which enables the evaluation of theories in terms of their problems and successes (even if the theories are already falsified), and which also fits well with the claim that one theory is closer to the truth than another. Ilkka Niiniluoto, Patrick Maher, John Welch, Gerhard Schurz, Igor Douven, Bert Hamminga, David Miller, Johan van Benthem, Sjoerd Zwart, Thomas Mormann, Jesús Zamora Bonilla, Isabella Burger & Johannes Heidema, Joke Meheus, Hans Mooij, and Diderik Batens comment on these ideas of Kuipers, and many present their own account. The present book also contains a synopsis of From Instrumentalism to Constructive Realism. It can be read independently of the second volume of Essays in Debate with Theo Kuipers, which is devoted to Kuipers' Structures in Science (2001).