North Korea Nuclear Risk Taking And The United States
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North Korea, Nuclear Risk-Taking, and the United States by Jihwan Hwang Pdf
This book analyzes Pyongyang's nuclear policy changes for the last three decades under Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il and Kim Jong Un. It explains when and why the North Korean leaders have chosen either risk-acceptant confrontation or risk-averse engagement toward the United States.
Countering the Risks of North Korean Nuclear Weapons by Bruce W. Bennett,Kang Choi,Myong-Hyun Go,Bruce E. Bechtol,Jiyoung Park Pdf
The authors argue that the United States and the Republic of Korea (ROK) should pursue firm deterrence of North Korean nuclear weapon use--which might soon pose a serious threat to the United States and the ROK--rather than relying on negotiations.
THE TRUE FORCE OF NORTH KOREA: Military, Weapons of Mass Destruction and Ballistic Missiles, Including Reaction of the U.S. Government to the Korean Military Threat by Andrew Scobell,John M. Sanford,Daniel A. Pinkston,Strategic Studies Institute,U.S. Congress,Donald Trump Pdf
North Korea is a country of paradoxes and contradictions. Although it remains an economic basket case that cannot feed and clothe its own people, it nevertheless possesses one of the world's largest armed forces. Whether measured in terms of the total number of personnel in uniform, numbers of special operations soldiers, the size of its submarine fleet, quantity of ballistic missiles in its arsenal, or its substantial weapons of mass destruction programs, Pyongyang is a major military power. Content: North Korea's Military Threat Conventional Forces Unconventional Forces Overall Conclusions The North Korean Ballistic Missile Program DPRK National Strategy and Motivations Historical Background of DPRK Missile Development Institutional Setting Conclusion U.S. Government Policy Toward North Korea Countering the North Korean Threat (New Steps in U.S. Policy) Pressuring North Korea (Evaluating Options) President Donald Trump on Current Crisis on the Korean Peninsula A Message to the Congress of the United States on the Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to North Korea Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect to North Korea Statement from the President on North Korea's Second ICBM Launch Statement by President Donald J. Trump on North Korea About the Authors
North Korea and Nuclear Weapons by Sung Chull Kim,Michael D. Cohen (PhD) Pdf
North Korea is perilously close to developing strategic nuclear weapons capable of hitting the United States and its East Asian allies. The volume contributors contend that the time to prevent North Korea from achieving this capability is virtually over; scholars and policymakers must turn their attention to how to deter a nuclear North Korea.
Asia expert Gordon Chang follows up his controversial success, THE COMING COLLAPSE OF CHINA, with the first book to discuss the full extent of the North Korean nuclear threat, its origins, international implications, and solutions.The United States is the mightiest nation in history, yet for six decades one of the world's weakest states has challenged the superpower and kept it at bay. Today, that country also threatens to change the course of human events with an act of unimaginable devastation. NUCLEAR SHOWDOWN analyses the failed society that has become the gravest threat to America and international order: North Korea. Chang's insightful book reveals the full horror of the crisis threatening to turn Asia into the world's next battleground where millions could die in hours.How can Washington stop North Korea from taking down the American-led international system? No one seems to have an answer. For more than half a century, policymakers have failed when it comes to subjugating Kim Il Sung and his son, Kim Jong Il. NUCLEAR SHOWDOWN proposes a solution that can defuse the standoff once and for all.
Dismantling North Korea's Nuclear Weapons Programs by David J. Bishop Pdf
This study examines the choices available to the United States for dismantling North Korea's nuclear weapons programs. The options range from doing nothing, to executing policies of engagement, containment, or preemption. Each option has advantages and disadvantages and there are numerous factors influencing the problem. The major factors include U.S. national interests, the role of China, the ROK-U.S. alliance, the difficult nature of North Korea, and the U.S. war on terror. Engagement is less risky in the short term because it reduces the risks of miscalculation and escalation by preventing the conditions that support North Korea seeing war as a rational act. However, it is risky in the long term because it allows North Korean nuclear weapons development to proceed unchecked. This could lead to proliferation to terrorists and rogue states. Containment's main advantage is that it takes a direct path to solving the problem. Its major disadvantage is that it could cause North Korea, a failing state, to view war as a rational act. Containment also is not supported by friends and allies in the region. Preemption is the most direct method to ensure elimination of North Korea's nuclear weapons. However the risks associated with this option could lead to catastrophic loss of life and devastation and ultimately to loss of U.S. influence in the region. The optimal course of action is not one policy in particular, but a combination of engagement and containment. Furthermore, preemptive action will invite foreign policy disaster for the U.S. and should only be used as a last resort. Specific policy recommendations to improve implementation of a hybrid policy of engagement and containment include:strengthening the ROK-U.S. alliance, supplementing multilateral talks with bilateral talks, offering a formal security guarantee to North Korea, broadening the Proliferation Security Initiative to include China, and improving national intelligence capabilities. If preemption must be used, national leaders must know what conditions would trigger the decision and they must prepare in advance the necessary protocol for warning and informing friends, allies and other concerned parties.
Proactively Countering North Korea's Advancing Nuclear Threats by Markus Garlauskas Pdf
As North Korea’s nuclear weapons and missile arsenals grow larger and more sophisticated, the United States could soon be faced with a terrible choice when Pyongyang attempts to coerce Seoul—risk an intercontinental nuclear war or abandon a key ally. To avoid such as scenario, the author recommends that Washington adopt a new strategy to proactively counter North Korea’s nuclear threat by impeding its nuclear and missile programs, investing to stay ahead of its arsenal, and adjusting military operations on the Korean Peninsula.
Subcommittee on Oversight and Management,Subcommittee on Subcommittee on Oversight and Management Efficiency of the Committee on Homeland Security House of Representatives
Author : Subcommittee on Oversight and Management,Subcommittee on Subcommittee on Oversight and Management Efficiency of the Committee on Homeland Security House of Representatives Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform Page : 70 pages File Size : 41,7 Mb Release : 2018-05-31 Category : Electronic ISBN : 1719464162
Empty Threat Or Serious Danger by Subcommittee on Oversight and Management,Subcommittee on Subcommittee on Oversight and Management Efficiency of the Committee on Homeland Security House of Representatives Pdf
It is no secret that Kim Jong-un and his maniacal regime in North Korea have ratcheted up tensions with the United States at an alarming rate. With the knowledge that North Korea conducted over 20 missile tests on over a dozen different occasions between February and September 2017, including tests of intercontinental ballistic missiles, many Americans and our allies around the globe remain on edge. Americans may rightly wonder about North Korea's ability to threaten the homeland directly. Intelligence from the hermit kingdom is oftentimes inconsistent and limited. Despite these intelligence challenges, information that has been gathered is reason enough for alarm. According to media reports, two North Korean shipments to a Syrian government agency responsible for the country's chemical weapons program were intercepted in the past 6 months. This is not the first time a North Korean ship has been seized due to carrying suspected missile system components. In 2013, a North Korean ship was intercepted in the Panama Canal with false manifests, and hidden under legitimate cargo [were] parts for fighter jets and rockets. In addition, according to the Council on Foreign Relations, recent estimates suggest that North Korea's nuclear weapons stockpile comprises 10 to 16 nuclear weapons, and has the potential to grow rapidly by 2020 to potentially 125 weapons. Furthermore, the Center of Nonproliferation Studies estimates North Korea has between 2,500 and 5,000 metric tons of chemical weapons. As we are all aware with the assassination of Kim Jong-un's half brother with a deadly nerve agent, those weapons have already been put to use.
Sanctions, Diplomacy, and Information by Committee on Foreign Affairs House of Representatives Pdf
On September 3rd, 2017, North Korea detonated a nuclear device that, according to news reports, was stronger than all of its previous tests combined. This hydrogen bomb represents the latest advancement in North Korea's long-running nuclear and intercontinental ballistic missile program, which now pose an urgent threat to the United States. Moreover, the apparent speed in which these North Korean advancements have occurred are challenging the security structure across East Asia, creating dangerous instability in the region, and that instability we will likely be dealing with for decades to come. So today, this committee is going to discuss the tools that must be deployed and fully utilized to address these threats. We need to use every ounce of leverage. That leverage includes sanctions, it includes diplomacy, it includes projecting information into North Korea to put maximum pressure on this rogue regime. Time is running out. Sanctions can still have an important impact. North Korea's advanced weapons programs rely on foreign-sourced technology. Much of these programs are made outside the country. North Korea pays an inordinate amount of money, and it has to have hard currency to do it, to run this very expensive ICBM program and this nuclear weapons program. Earlier this year, Treasury sanctioned the Bank of Dandong, a regional Chinese bank. But we must target major Chinese banks doing business with North Korea, such as China Merchants Bank, and even big state-owned banks, like the Agricultural Bank of China. They have a significant presence in the United States. And if they do not stop doing business with North Korea, they should be sanctioned now.
Author : Michael OHanlon,Mike M. Mochizuki Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional Page : 254 pages File Size : 48,8 Mb Release : 2003-07-29 Category : History ISBN : 0071431551
Crisis on the Korean Peninsula by Michael OHanlon,Mike M. Mochizuki Pdf
"In describing their comprehensive proposal for negotiations with North Korea, OHanlon and Mochizuki exhibit the strategic creativity and analytical depth badly needed by United States policy makers dealing with this strange, dangerous place." --Ash Carter, former Assistant Secretary of Defense and Ford Foundation Professor of Science and International Affairs, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University IN EARLY 2002, in his fateful state of the union address, President Bush described North Korea as being a member of the "Axis of Evil." Since then, the U.S. has gone to war with Iraq, and the world now wonders what the future of Bushs preemption policy will bring. Many of the nations top experts feel that North Korea is a more imminent threat than Saddams Iraq was. They have a nuclear program, a million-man army, and missiles to deploy and export. In Crisis on the Korean Peninsula, Michael OHanlon, a Senior Fellow at Brooking and visiting lecturer at Princeton, and Mike Mochizuki, endowed chair in Japan-US Relations at G.W. University, not only examine this issue in detail but also offer a comprehensive blueprint for diffusing the crisis with North Korea. Their solution comes in the form of a "grand bargain" with North Korea. Accords could be negotiated step-by-step, however they need to be guided by a broad and ambitious vision that addresses not only the nuclear issue but also the conventional forces on the hyper-militarized peninsula and the ongoing decline of the North Korean economy.
Major Power Rivalry and Nuclear Risk Reduction by Brad Roberts Pdf
The risks of nuclear war are widely seen as rising after a long period of hoping that nuclear weapons would recede into history along with the Cold War. Perceptions of heightened risk are driven by a nuclear-arming and bellicose North Korea, intensifying nuclear competition and risk-taking in South Asia, heightened fears of a nuclear "tipping point" and potential "proliferation cascade" in the Middle East, and, above all, by an intensification of strategic competition among Russia, China, and the United States and the re-emergence of potential military flashpoints leading to armed hostilities under the nuclear shadow. Without improved cooperation among the big three major powers, these risks are likely to continue to grow. Sadly, the barriers to improved cooperation are numerous. But so are the incentives. The authors in this edited volume set our practical agendas for cooperation from their separate national perspectives (one each from Russia, China, and the United States). They argue that some new initiatives are possible within the existing political context on myriad problems including, for example, new forms of bilateral and trilateral arms control, strengthened nonproliferation, discussions on strategic stability, and a renewal of the habit of ongoing discourse at both official and unofficial levels.
Why have nuclear weapons not been used since Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945? Nina Tannenwald disputes the conventional answer of 'deterrence' in favour of what she calls a nuclear taboo - a widespread inhibition on using nuclear weapons - which has arisen in global politics. Drawing on newly released archival sources, Tannenwald traces the rise of the nuclear taboo, the forces that produced it, and its influence, particularly on US leaders. She analyzes four critical instances where US leaders considered using nuclear weapons (Japan 1945, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Gulf War 1991) and examines how the nuclear taboo has repeatedly dissuaded US and other world leaders from resorting to these 'ultimate weapons'. Through a systematic analysis, Tannenwald challenges conventional conceptions of deterrence and offers a compelling argument on the moral bases of nuclear restraint as well as an important insight into how nuclear war can be avoided in the future.
Author : Victor D. Cha,David C. Kang Publisher : Columbia University Press Page : 279 pages File Size : 55,5 Mb Release : 2018-09-11 Category : Political Science ISBN : 9780231548243
Nuclear North Korea by Victor D. Cha,David C. Kang Pdf
Victor D. Cha and David C. Kang’s Nuclear North Korea was first published in 2003 amid the outbreak of a lasting crisis over the North Korean nuclear program. It promptly became a landmark of an ongoing debate in academic and policy circles about whether to engage or contain North Korea. Fifteen years later, as North Korea tests intercontinental ballistic missiles and the U.S. president angrily refers to Kim Jong-un as “Rocket Man,” Nuclear North Korea remains an essential guide to the difficult choices we face. Coming from different perspectives—Kang believes the threat posed by Pyongyang has been inflated and endorses a more open approach, while Cha is more skeptical and advocates harsher measures, though both believe that some form of engagement is necessary—the authors together present authoritative analysis of one of the world’s thorniest challenges. They refute a number of misconceptions and challenge the faulty thinking that surrounds the discussion of North Korea, particularly the idea that North Korea is an irrational actor. Cha and Kang look at the implications of a nuclear North Korea, assess recent and current approaches to sanctions and engagement, and provide a functional framework for constructive policy. With a new chapter on the way forward for the international community in light of continued nuclear tensions, this book is of lasting relevance to understanding the state of affairs on the Korean peninsula.
