Nuclear Weapon Initiatives

Author : Jonathan V. Ernest
Publisher : Nova Publishers
Page : 110 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : History
ISBN : 1594542031

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Nuclear Weapon Initiatives by Jonathan V. Ernest Pdf

The Bush Administration completed its Congressionally-mandated Nuclear Posture Review in December 2001. The review led to major changes in US nuclear policy. It found that the Cold War relationship with Russia was 'very inappropriate' and that this nation must be able to deal with new threats. It planned to retain Cold War-era nuclear weapons, which would suffice for many contingencies, though at reduced numbers. To complement these weapons so as to improve US ability to deal with new, more dispersed threats in various countries, the Administration sought to explore additional nuclear capabilities. These initiatives are controversial. Supporters claim that the first three initiatives would enhance deterrence, thereby reducing the risk of war, and that some weapons that might result from the initiatives could enable the United States to destroy key targets in nations that may pose a threat. Critics are concerned that these initiatives would lead to nuclear testing, increase the risk of nuclear proliferation, and make US use of nuclear weapons more likely. Regarding enhanced test readiness, the Administration argues that nuclear testing might be needed, for example, to check fixes to weapon types with defects, and that 24 to 36 months is too long to wait; critics are concerned that shortening the time to test could signal a US intent to test, and that renewed testing could lead to a renewed interest in testing by other nations. CONTENTS: Preface; The Broader Context for the Four Initiatives; R & D on Low -- Yield Nuclear Weapons; Advanced Concepts Initiative; Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator; Nuclear Test Readiness; Concluding Observations; Index.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 79 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Nuclear weapons
ISBN : OCLC:54666291

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Nuclear Weapon Initiatives by Anonim Pdf

The Bush Administration completed its congressionally-mandated Nuclear Posture Review in December 2001. The review led to major changes in U.S. nuclear policy. It found that the Cold War relationship with Russia was "very inappropriate" and that this nation must be able to deal with new threats. It planned to retain Cold War-era nuclear weapons, which would suffice for many contingencies, though at reduced numbers. To complement these weapons so as to improve U.S. ability to deal with new, more dispersed threats in various countries, the Administration sought to explore additional nuclear capabilities. Accordingly, the FY2004 request included four nuclear weapon initiatives: (1) rescinding the ban that Congress imposed in 1993 on R & D on low-yield nuclear weapons; (2) $6 million for the Advanced Concepts Initiative (ACI) to begin certain studies of weapon-related science and technology; (3) $15 million to continue a study of the Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator (RNEP), in which an existing bomb would be converted into a weapon able to penetrate into the ground before detonating to improve its ability to destroy buried targets; and (4) $25 million to enable the United States to conduct a nuclear test within 18 months of a presidential order to test, and for related purposes, as compared with the current 24-36 month time that was set shortly after the end of the Cold War. Congress acted on these requests in the FY2004 National Defense Authorization Act (P.L. 108-136), and acted on the latter three in the FY2004 Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act (P.L. 108- 137). For FY2005, the Administration requests $9.0 million for ACI, $27.6 million for RNEP, and $30.0 million for improving nuclear test readiness.

Author : Jonathan Medalia
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2011-10-14
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1437957463

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Nuclear Weapon Initiatives by Jonathan Medalia Pdf

The Bush Admin. completed its congressionally-mandated Nuclear Posture Review in Dec. 2001. The review led to major changes in U.S. nuclear policy. It found that the Cold War relationship with Russia was "very inappropriate" and that the U.S. must be able to deal with new threats. It planned to retain Cold War-era nuclear weapons, which would suffice for many contingencies, though at reduced numbers. To complement these weapons so as to improve U.S. ability to deal with new, more dispersed threats in various countries, the Admin. sought to explore additional nuclear capabilities. Accordingly, the FY2004 request included four nuclear weapon initiatives. Contents of this report: The Broader Context for the Four Initiatives; R&D on Low-Yield Nuclear Weapons; Advanced Concepts Initiative; Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator; Nuclear Test Readiness; Concluding Observations. Figures. This is a print on demand report.

Author : Alexander Kmentt
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2021-05-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000393484

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The Treaty Prohibiting Nuclear Weapons by Alexander Kmentt Pdf

This book chronicles the genesis of the negotiations that led to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), which challenged the established nuclear order. The work provides readers with an authoritative account of the complex evolution of the ‘Humanitarian Initiative’ (HI) and the negotiation history of the TPNW. It includes a close analysis of internal strategy documents and communications in the author’s possession which trace the tactical and political decisions of a small group of state actors. By demonstrating the unacceptable humanitarian consequences and uncontrollable risks that these weapons pose to everyone’s security, the HI convinced many states to ban nuclear weapons and reject the policy of nuclear deterrence as unsustainable and illegitimate. As such, this book is a case-study of multilateral diplomacy and cooperation between state and civil society actors. It also contains a full discussion of both sides of the nuclear argument and assesses the extent to which the HI and the TPNW have moved the dial and present opportunities for transformational change. This book will be of much interest to students of nuclear disarmament, arms control and non-proliferation, diplomacy, global governance, and International Relations in general.

Author : Michael Hamel-Green
Publisher : UN
Page : 70 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015063088218

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Regional Initiatives on Nuclear- and WMD-free Zones by Michael Hamel-Green Pdf

The initial years of the new millennium have seen little substantive progress in nucleararms control. Recent challenges for nuclear non-proliferationinclude: the non-entry into force of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT); the 1998India and Pakistan nuclear weapon tests; the withdrawal of North Korea from the NonproliferationTreaty (NPT); the ambiguous status of Iran's nuclear energy developmentprogramme and past Iraqi NPT violations under Saddam Hussein.The strategy of establishing regional NWFZs is generally seen as both a non-proliferation and security-enhancing measure for the regions themselves, and as a partial step towards the eventual global elimination of nuclear weapons. Currently some 107 countries and the larger part of the globe are part of regional NWFZs while NWFZs for such conflict-prone areas such as the Middle East, South Asia, Northeast Asia and Central and Eastern Europe are in various stages of consideration.

Author : Marco De Andreis,Francesco Calogero
Publisher : SIPRI Research Reports
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : History
ISBN : 0198291973

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The Soviet Nuclear Weapon Legacy by Marco De Andreis,Francesco Calogero Pdf

The breakup of the Soviet Union left a cold war nuclear legacy consisting of tens of thousands of nuclear weapons and a sprawling infrastructure for their production and maintenance. This book examines the fate of this vast nuclear weapon complex and the unprecedented non-proliferation challenges associated with the breakup of a nuclear weapon state. It describes the high-level diplomatic bargaining efforts to consolidate in Russia the nuclear weapons based in newly independent Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine and to strengthen central control over these weapons. It surveys the problems associated with dismantling nuclear weapons and the difficulties involved in safely storing and disposing of large stockpiles of fissile material. It reviews the key provisions of the principal nuclear arms control measures and initiatives, including the START I and START II treaties. Finally, the book assesses the contribution of international assistance programmes to the denuclearization process under way in the former Soviet Union.

Author : Aiden Warren
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2013-07-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781135093877

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The Obama Administration’s Nuclear Weapon Strategy by Aiden Warren Pdf

This book comprehensively outlines and evaluates the key Obama nuclear weapons policies, developments and initiatives from 2008–2012. Beginning with the administration’s vision and goals posited in the 2009 Prague Speech and reaffirmed in the National Security Strategy of 2010, the book assesses the congressionally mandated Nuclear Posture Review, the New START Treaty, the pursuit of Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ratification, the Proliferation Security Initiative, the Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Review Conference, the Global Nuclear Security Summit – and the extent to which Obama, in the context of such initiatives, has actually upheld the lofty goals posited in Prague and differentiated himself from the nuclear path pursued by the Bush Administration. Additionally, the book evaluates the Obama Administration’s dealings with other states in the context of its nuclear weapons policy – in particular, North Korea, Iran, Pakistan, Israel, India, and China. Offering a comprehensive analysis of the current status of the US nuclear weapons strategy, this volume will be of great interest to scholars and students of American foreign policy, security studies and international relations.

Author : Barry R. Schneider,William L. Dowdy
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : History
ISBN : 0714648566

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Pulling Back from the Nuclear Brink by Barry R. Schneider,William L. Dowdy Pdf

The contributors to this book - including policymakers, diplomats, scientists, regionalists and academic specialists - have joined in an effort to survey nuclear arms control successes, ongoing initiatives, and future prospects for reducing and countering nuclear proliferation.

Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Air defenses
ISBN : STANFORD:36105127376932

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Defense Against Nuclear Weapons by United States. General Accounting Office Pdf

Author : Middle Powers Initiative
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 199?
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1179513299

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Fast track to zero nuclear weapons by Middle Powers Initiative Pdf

Author : Gary L. Jones
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0756715393

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Nuclear Nonproliferation by Gary L. Jones Pdf

In 1998, the U.S. and Russia embarked on an ambitious nonproliferation program, known as the Nuclear Cities Initiative (NCI), to create sustainable job opportunities for weapons scientists in Russia's closed nuclear cities, and to help Russia accelerate the downsizing of its nuclear weapons complex. NCI, implemented by the DoE and its nat. labs., seeks to employ weapons scientists and other residents of the cities in non-military scientific or commercial activities. This report discusses the: costs to implement NCI, incl. the amount spent in the U.S. and Russia, as well as planned expenditures; impact of the Dept.'s NCI projects; and status of the European Nuclear Cities Initiative.

Author : Sanford Lakoff,Herbert F. York
Publisher : University of California Press
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2021-01-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9780520328051

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A Shield in Space? by Sanford Lakoff,Herbert F. York Pdf

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1989.

Author : Thomas E Shea
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351592130

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Verifying Nuclear Disarmament by Thomas E Shea Pdf

Fifty years into the nuclear non-proliferation treaty (NPT) regime, the risks of nuclear war, terrorism, and the threat of further proliferation remain. A lack of significant progress towards disarmament will cast doubt upon the viability of the NPT. By recognizing that certain fissile materials are essential to every nuclear weapon and that controlling their usage provides the foundation for international efforts to limit their spread, this book presents a comprehensive framework for nuclear disarmament. Based upon phased reductions, Shea provides a mechanism for the disposal of weapon-origin fissile material and controls on peaceful nuclear activities and non-explosive military uses. He explores the technological means for monitoring and verification, the legal arrangements required to provide an enduring foundation, and a financial structure which will enable progress. This book will be invaluable to professional organizations, arms control NGOs, government officials, scientists, and politicians. It will also appeal to academics and postgraduate researchers working on security studies, disarmament diplomacy and the politics and science of verification.

Author : Susan M. Freese
Publisher : ABDO
Page : 114 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2011-08-01
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9781617876608

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Nuclear Weapons by Susan M. Freese Pdf

This title examines one of the world's critical issues, nuclear weapons. Readers will learn the historical background of this issue leading up to its current and future impact on society. Development of nuclear and thermonuclear weapons, the Manhattan Project, fission and fusion bombs and their delivery systems, nuclear weapons testing, as well as nuclear power and nuclear-powered watercraft are discussed in detail. World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Cold War and the use of nuclear weapons on Nagasaki and Hiroshima, Japan are covered. The nuclear arms race of the Big Five: United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France, and China, and emerging nuclear states and nuclear terrorism are also covered. Affects of nuclear explosions including radiation on humans and the environment, and nuclear accidents are discussed. Legislation and programs to address nuclear weapons such as deterrence, Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT), Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) treaties, Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START), Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty are also introduced. Engaging text, informative sidebars, and color photographs present information realistically, leaving readers with a thorough, honest interpretation of nuclear weapons. Features include a timeline, facts, additional resources, Web sites, a glossary, a bibliography, and an index. Essential Issues is a series in Essential Library, an imprint of ABDO Publishing Company.

Author : National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Office of International Affairs,Committee on International Security and Arms Control
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1985-02-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309034913

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Nuclear Arms Control by National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Office of International Affairs,Committee on International Security and Arms Control Pdf

This nontechnical overview of developments in nuclear arms control describes how the United States and the Soviet Union arrived at their present positions-and where they might go from here. According to Foreign Affairs, "This book is proof that the complexities of arms control can be successfully explained in a nontechnical, and even more importantly, nonpartisan manner....It presents the key issues in a clear, thorough, and remarkably up-to-date way....Strongly recommended as a primary source for classroom and public discussions."