Obstacles To Optimal Policy

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Policy Problems and Policy Design

B. Guy Peters
Policy Problems and Policy Design Book PDF

Author : B. Guy Peters
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2018-07-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781786431356

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Policy Problems and Policy Design by B. Guy Peters Pdf

Public policy can be considered a design science. It involves identifying relevant problems, selecting instruments to address the problem, developing institutions for managing the intervention, and creating means of assessing the design. Policy design has become an increasingly challenging task, given the emergence of numerous ‘wicked’ and complex problems. Much of policy design has adopted a technocratic and engineering approach, but there is an emerging literature that builds on a more collaborative and prospective approach to design. This book will discuss these issues in policy design and present alternative approaches to design.

Linear-quadratic Approximation of Optimal Policy Problems

Pierpaolo Benigno,Michael Woodford
Linear quadratic Approximation of Optimal Policy Problems Book PDF

Author : Pierpaolo Benigno,Michael Woodford
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Approximation theory
ISBN : IND:30000164208799

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Linear-quadratic Approximation of Optimal Policy Problems by Pierpaolo Benigno,Michael Woodford Pdf

We consider a general class of nonlinear optimal policy problems involving forward-looking constraints (such as the Euler equations that are typically present as structural equations in DSGE models), and show that it is possible, under regularity conditions that are straightforward to check, to derive a problem with linear constraints and a quadratic objective that approximates the exact problem. The LQ approximate problem is computationally simple to solve, even in the case of moderately large state spaces and flexibly parameterized disturbance processes, and its solution represents a local linear approximation to the optimal policy for the exact model in the case that stochastic disturbances are small enough. We derive the second-order conditions that must be satisfied in order for the LQ problem to have a solution, and show that these are stronger, in general, than those required for LQ problems without forward-looking constraints. We also show how the same linear approximations to the model structural equations and quadratic approximation to the exact welfare measure can be used to correctly rank alternative simple policy rules, again in the case of small enough shocks.

External Constraints on Macroeconomic Policy

George Alogoskoufis,Lucas Papademos,Richard Portes
External Constraints on Macroeconomic Policy Book PDF

Author : George Alogoskoufis,Lucas Papademos,Richard Portes
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0521405270

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External Constraints on Macroeconomic Policy by George Alogoskoufis,Lucas Papademos,Richard Portes Pdf

This book from the Centre for Economic Policy Research deals with the implications of the exchange rate regimes and capital flows of the 1990s for government macroeconomic policy-making and EC policy co-ordination.

Constrained Markov Decision Processes

Eitan Altman
Constrained Markov Decision Processes Book PDF

Author : Eitan Altman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2021-12-17
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781351458245

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Constrained Markov Decision Processes by Eitan Altman Pdf

This book provides a unified approach for the study of constrained Markov decision processes with a finite state space and unbounded costs. Unlike the single controller case considered in many other books, the author considers a single controller with several objectives, such as minimizing delays and loss, probabilities, and maximization of throughputs. It is desirable to design a controller that minimizes one cost objective, subject to inequality constraints on other cost objectives. This framework describes dynamic decision problems arising frequently in many engineering fields. A thorough overview of these applications is presented in the introduction. The book is then divided into three sections that build upon each other.

Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10

Michael I. Jordan,Michael J. Kearns,Sara A. Solla
Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10 Book PDF

Author : Michael I. Jordan,Michael J. Kearns,Sara A. Solla
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 1114 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0262100762

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Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10 by Michael I. Jordan,Michael J. Kearns,Sara A. Solla Pdf

The annual conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) is the flagship conference on neural computation. These proceedings contain all of the papers that were presented.

Venezuela Before Chávez

Ricardo Hausmann,Francisco R. Rodríguez
Venezuela Before Ch vez Book PDF

Author : Ricardo Hausmann,Francisco R. Rodríguez
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 482 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2015-06-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9780271064628

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Venezuela Before Chávez by Ricardo Hausmann,Francisco R. Rodríguez Pdf

At the beginning of the twentieth century, Venezuela had one of the poorest economies in Latin America, but by 1970 it had become the richest country in the region and one of the twenty richest countries in the world, ahead of countries such as Greece, Israel, and Spain. Between 1978 and 2001, however, Venezuela’s economy went sharply in reverse, with non-oil GDP declining by almost 19 percent and oil GDP by an astonishing 65 percent. What accounts for this drastic turnabout? The editors of Venezuela Before Chávez, who each played a policymaking role in the country’s economy during the past two decades, have brought together a group of economists and political scientists to examine systematically the impact of a wide range of factors affecting the economy’s collapse, from the cost of labor regulation and the development of financial markets to the weakening of democratic governance and the politics of decisions about industrial policy. Aside from the editors, the contributors are Omar Bello, Adriana Bermúdez, Matías Braun, Javier Corrales, Jonathan Di John, Rafael Di Tella, Javier Donna, Samuel Freije, Dan Levy, Robert MacCulloch, Osmel Manzano, Francisco Monaldi, María Antonia Moreno, Daniel Ortega, Michael Penfold, José Pineda, Lant Pritchett, Cameron A. Shelton, and Dean Yang.

Challenges for Economic Policy Coordination within European Monetary Union

Andrew J. Hughes Hallett,Peter Mooslechner,Martin Schürz
Challenges for Economic Policy Coordination within European Monetary Union Book PDF

Author : Andrew J. Hughes Hallett,Peter Mooslechner,Martin Schürz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781475747386

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Challenges for Economic Policy Coordination within European Monetary Union by Andrew J. Hughes Hallett,Peter Mooslechner,Martin Schürz Pdf

The launch of European Monetary Union (EMU) marked the beginning of a new era, and its establishment has proved an impressive success at the technical, legal, and procedural level. After all, EMU has accelerated economic and political integration in the European Union and tied the economies of the Member States closer together. However, the performance of the euro, high unemployment rates, uneven output and investment growth, and the issue of structural reforms that have yet to be tackled have raised questions about the performance of EMU in practice. There is a general consensus on the justification for economic policy coordination. The existing literature on economic policy coordination, however, seems far from able to provide robust conclusions about how to organize the necessary interaction of institutions and policies. Therefore, there seems to be a case for re-examining the subject under the new framework set by EMU. The objective of such a reassessment is to enhance the understanding of what type of coordination and what institutional setting for policy coordination can be expected to be most favorable. Challenges for Economic Policy Coordination within European Monetary Union provides an intellectually stimulating contribution to the ongoing debate.

Principles of Agricultural Economics

David Colman,Trevor Young
Principles of Agricultural Economics Book PDF

Author : David Colman,Trevor Young
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1989-02-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0521336643

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Principles of Agricultural Economics by David Colman,Trevor Young Pdf

This textbook addresses the main economic principles required by agricultural economists involved in rural development. The principles of 'micro-economics' or 'price-theory' are of relevance to economists everywhere, but this book reinforces the message of their relevance for rural development by explaining the theory in the specific context of the agricultural and food sectors of developing countries. Hypothetical and actual empirical illustrations drawn almost exclusively from such countries distinguish this book from other economic principles texts that draw their examples almost invariably from industrialised countries, and also from books more oriented to the issue of rural development. The first half of the book deals with the underlying principles of production, supply and demand. These are essential tools for the study and management of the agricultural sector and food markets. In the second half, supply and demand are bought together into a chapter of equilibrium and exchange. This is followed by chapters on trade and the theory of economic welfare. In the final chapter it is shown that much of the material in the earlier chapters can be combined by agricultural economists into a system for analysing and comparing the effects of alternative agricultural policies. The ability of agricultural economics to provide a consistent framework for the analysis of policy problems thus enables it to make a key contribution to rural development.

Energy-Efficient Scheduling under Delay Constraints for Wireless Networks

Randal Berry,Eytan Modiano,Murtaza Zafer
Energy Efficient Scheduling under Delay Constraints for Wireless Networks Book PDF

Author : Randal Berry,Eytan Modiano,Murtaza Zafer
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2022-05-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783031792540

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Energy-Efficient Scheduling under Delay Constraints for Wireless Networks by Randal Berry,Eytan Modiano,Murtaza Zafer Pdf

Packet delay and energy consumption are important considerations in wireless and sensor networks as these metrics directly affect the quality of service of the application and the resource consumption of the network; especially, for a rapidly growing class of real-time applications that impose strict restrictions on packet delays. Dynamic rate control is a novel technique for adapting the transmission rate of wireless devices, almost in real-time, to opportunistically exploit time-varying channel conditions as well as changing traffic patterns. Since power consumption is not a linear function of the rate and varies significantly with the channel conditions, adapting the rate has significant benefits in minimizing energy consumption. These benefits have prompted significant research in developing algorithms for achieving optimal rate adaptation while satisfying quality of service requirements. In this book, we provide a comprehensive study of dynamic rate control for energy minimization under packet delay constraints. We present several formulations and approaches adopted in the literature ranging from discrete-time formulations and dynamic programming based solutions to continuous-time approaches utilizing ideas from network calculus and stochastic optimal control theory. The goal of this book is to expose the reader to the important problem of wireless data transmission with delay constraints and to the rich set of tools developed in recent years to address it. Table of Contents: Introduction / Transmission Rate Adaptation under Deadline Constraints / Average Delay Constraints

Recent Advances in Reinforcement Learning

Leslie Pack Kaelbling
Recent Advances in Reinforcement Learning Book PDF

Author : Leslie Pack Kaelbling
Publisher : Springer
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2007-08-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780585336565

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Recent Advances in Reinforcement Learning by Leslie Pack Kaelbling Pdf

Recent Advances in Reinforcement Learning addresses current research in an exciting area that is gaining a great deal of popularity in the Artificial Intelligence and Neural Network communities. Reinforcement learning has become a primary paradigm of machine learning. It applies to problems in which an agent (such as a robot, a process controller, or an information-retrieval engine) has to learn how to behave given only information about the success of its current actions. This book is a collection of important papers that address topics including the theoretical foundations of dynamic programming approaches, the role of prior knowledge, and methods for improving performance of reinforcement-learning techniques. These papers build on previous work and will form an important resource for students and researchers in the area. Recent Advances in Reinforcement Learning is an edited volume of peer-reviewed original research comprising twelve invited contributions by leading researchers. This research work has also been published as a special issue of Machine Learning (Volume 22, Numbers 1, 2 and 3).

Neurorobotics

Tiffany J. Hwu,Jeffrey L. Krichmar
Neurorobotics Book PDF

Author : Tiffany J. Hwu,Jeffrey L. Krichmar
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2022-11-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780262370530

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Neurorobotics by Tiffany J. Hwu,Jeffrey L. Krichmar Pdf

An introduction to neurorobotics that presents approaches and design principles for developing intelligent autonomous systems grounded in biology and neuroscience. Neurorobotics is an interdisciplinary field that draws on artificial intelligence, cognitive sciences, computer science, engineering, psychology, neuroscience, and robotics. Because the brain is closely coupled to the body and situated in the environment, neurorobots—autonomous systems modeled after some aspect of the brain—offer a powerful tool for studying neural function and may also be a means for developing autonomous systems with intelligence that rivals that of biological organisms. This textbook introduces approaches and design principles for developing intelligent autonomous systems grounded in biology and neuroscience. It is written for anyone interested in learning about this topic and can be used in cognitive robotics courses for students in psychology, cognitive science, and computer science. Neurorobotics covers the background and foundations of the field, with information on early neurorobots, relevant principles of neuroscience, learning rules and mechanisms, and reinforcement learning and prediction; neurorobot design principles grounded in neuroscience and principles of neuroscience research; and examples of neurorobots for navigation, developmental robotics, and social robots, presented with the cognitive science and neuroscience background that inspired them. A supplementary website offers videos, robot simulations, and links to software repositories with neurorobot examples.

Algorithmic Decision Theory

Francesca Rossi
Algorithmic Decision Theory Book PDF

Author : Francesca Rossi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 471 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2009-10-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783642044274

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Algorithmic Decision Theory by Francesca Rossi Pdf

This volume contains the papers presented at ADT 2009, the first International Conference on Algorithmic Decision Theory. The conference was held in San Servolo, a small island of the Venice lagoon, during October 20-23, 2009. The program of the conference included oral presentations, posters, invited talks, and tutorials. The conference received 65 submissions of which 39 papers were accepted (9 papers were posters). The topics of these papers range from computational social choice preference modeling, from uncertainty to preference learning, from multi-criteria decision making to game theory.

Applications Of Dynamic Programming To Agricultural Decision Problems

C. Robert Taylor
Applications Of Dynamic Programming To Agricultural Decision Problems Book PDF

Author : C. Robert Taylor
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2019-08-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780429723094

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Applications Of Dynamic Programming To Agricultural Decision Problems by C. Robert Taylor Pdf

A collection of articles which provide examples that demonstrate the application of dynamic programming to a wide variety of decision problems in agriculture.

Constraints on Party Politics

Thomas M. Meyer
Constraints on Party Politics Book PDF

Author : Thomas M. Meyer
Publisher : ECPR Press
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781907301490

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Constraints on Party Politics by Thomas M. Meyer Pdf

Political scientists are quite good at predicting ‘optimal’ policy positions that - under the given circumstances - allow parties to get maximal payoffs in terms of policy, office or votes. What we do not know is whether parties are actually able to take these positions or whether they are constrained to do so. This book attempts to narrow this gap. The major argument is that parties do not choose policy positions from scratch and that they cannot freely change their policy platforms. Rather, voters’ lacking perception of changing party platforms and intra-party factors constrain parties when shifting their policy positions. An empirical analysis of party policy shifts in ten Western European democracies shows that these constraints differ across parties and thus affect the parties’ position-taking differently. Considering this variation is important to derive more precise predictions for parties’ policy platforms and for our understanding of party behaviour in general. This book attempts to narrow this gap. The major argument is that parties do not choose policy positions from scratch and that they cannot freely change their policy platforms. Rather, voters’ lacking perception of changing party platforms and intra-party factors constrain parties when shifting their policy positions. An empirical analysis of party policy shifts in ten Western European democracies shows that these constraints differ across parties and thus affect the parties’ position-taking differently. Considering this variation is important to derive more precise predictions for parties’ policy platforms and for our understanding of party behaviour in general.

Central Bank Policy Mix: Issues, Challenges, and Policy Responses

Perry Warjiyo,Solikin M. Juhro
Central Bank Policy Mix Issues Challenges and Policy Responses Book PDF

Author : Perry Warjiyo,Solikin M. Juhro
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2022-01-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789811668272

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Central Bank Policy Mix: Issues, Challenges, and Policy Responses by Perry Warjiyo,Solikin M. Juhro Pdf

This is an open access book. This book is an integration of keynote speeches, lectures, and related teaching materials during the five years of the "Central Bank Policy Mix: Issues, Challenges and Policy Responses" flagship program of the BI Institute, the learning and research centre of Bank Indonesia. The book examines the interactions among central bank policies including monetary policy, exchange rate policy, macroprudential policy, and capital flow management and also elaborates on modeling issues and quantitative analysis of the interaction between macroeconomic variables and policy instruments.