Occupied Economies

Author : Hein A.M. Klemann,Sergei Kudryashov
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 497 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9780857850614

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Occupied Economies by Hein A.M. Klemann,Sergei Kudryashov Pdf

What were the consequences of the German occupation for the economy of occupied Europe? After Germany conquered major parts of the European continent, it was faced with a choice between plundering the suppressed countries and using their economies to supply its needs. The choices made not only differed from country to country, but also changed over the course of the war. Individual leaders; the economic needs of the Reich; the military situation; struggles between governors of occupied countries and Berlin officials; and finally racism, all had an impact on the outcome. In some countries the emphasis was placed on production for German warfare, which kept these economies functioning. New research, presented for the first time in this book, shows that as a consequence the economic setback in these areas was limited, and therefore post-war recovery was relatively easy. However, in other countries, plundering was more characteristic, resulting in partisan activity, a collapse of normal society and a dramatic destruction not only of the economy but in some countries of a substantial proportion of the labour force. In these countries, post-war recovery was almost impossible.

Author : Marcel Boldorf,Tetsuji Okazaki
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2015-03-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317506508

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Economies under Occupation by Marcel Boldorf,Tetsuji Okazaki Pdf

Nazi Germany and Japan occupied huge areas at least for some period during World War II, and those territories became integral parts of their war economies. The book focuses on the policies of World War II aggressors in occupied countries. The unbalanced economic and financial relations were defined by administrative control, the implementation of institutions and a variety of military exploitation strategies. Plundering, looting and requisitions were frequent aggressive acts, but beyond these interventions by force, specific institutions were created to gain control over the occupied economies as a whole. An appropriate institutional setting was also crucial to give incentives to the companies in the occupied countries to produce munitions for the aggressors. The book explains the main fields of war exploitation (organisation and control, war financing and workforce recruitment). It substantiates these aspects in case studies of occupied countries and gives examples of the business policy of multinational companies under war conditions. The book also provides an account of differences and similarities of the two occupation systems. Economies under Occupation will interest researchers specialising in the history of economic thought as well as in economic theory and philosophy. It will also engage readers concerned with regional European and Japanese studies and imperial histories.

Author : Thomas French
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2017-08-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317270089

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The Economic and Business History of Occupied Japan by Thomas French Pdf

The Occupation era (1945-1952) witnessed major change in Japan and the beginnings of its growth from of the ashes of defeat towards its status as a developmental model for much of the world. The period arguably saw the sowing of the seeds of the post-war flowering of what some term the ‘postwar Japanese economic miracle’. However, some scholars dispute this position and argue that the Occupation's policies and impacts actually hindered Japan's recovery. This volume addresses this question and others surrounding the business and economic history of this crucial period. The chapters presented in The Economic and Business History of Occupied Japan are authored by major scholars of the Occupation from the U.S., Japan, and Europe. The chapters are divided into three sections: 'Planning, reform and recovery', 'Industries under the Occupation', and 'Legacies of the Occupation era'. Following an introduction focusing on the historiographical background, the first section examines zaibatsu dissolution and its significance, the role of Japanese businessmen within the Occupation's reforms, the crucial impact of Japan's postwar Materials Crisis, and the impact of reform at the local level in Hokkaidō. Part two looks at a number of individual industries and their development during the era, including the fishing, automotive, and cotton spinning industries. The final section looks at the human impact of the changes of the initial postwar years, including the reintegration of repatriates into the Japanese labour force and the impact of changing working patterns on society and family life. This book covers a key period of the economic and business history of Japan and presents numerous new approaches and original contributions to the scholarship of the Occupation era. It will be of interest to scholars of modern Japan, economic history, business history, development studies and postwar U.S.-Japan relations.

Author : Antoine Duval,Eva Kassoti
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2023-01-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0367517116

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The Legality of Economic Activities in Occupied Territories by Antoine Duval,Eva Kassoti Pdf

This edited volume explores the question of the lawfulness under international law of economic activities in occupied territories from the perspectives of international law, EU law, and business and human rights. Providing a multi-level overview of relevant practices, policies and cases, the book is divided in three parts, each dealing with how different legal fields have come to grips with the challenges brought about by the question of the lawfulness under international law of economic activities in occupied territories. The first part includes contributions pertaining to the international law dimension of the question. It contains chapters on the conjunction between jus in bello, jus ad bellum and international human rights law in the context of exploitation of natural resources in territories under belligerent occupation; on third party obligations flowing from the application of occupation law in relation to natural resources exploitation; and on State practice with regards to trading with occupied territories. The second part focuses on EU law and contains contributions that assess the EU's approach to occupied territories and the extent to which this approach comports with the EU's obligations under international law; contributions providing an in-depth assessment of the case-law of the CJEU on occupied territories; as well as contributions pertaining to the political considerations that may influence the legal framing of questions pertaining to occupied territories. The final part focuses on the business and human rights perspective, with chapters on investment arbitration as a means for holding the occupant accountable for its conduct towards foreign investments and investors; on the role and impact of the soft law framework governing corporate activity (such as the UN Guiding Principles) on business involvement with occupied territories; as well as a final case study on the dispute involving Israeli football activity in settlements located in the OPT and the legal responsibility of FIFA in this regard. The book will appeal to academics, practitioners and policy-makers alike.

Author : Hans Otto Frøland,Mats Ingulstad,Jonas Scherner
Publisher : Springer
Page : 465 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2016-09-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781137534231

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Industrial Collaboration in Nazi-Occupied Europe by Hans Otto Frøland,Mats Ingulstad,Jonas Scherner Pdf

This book brings together leading experts to assess how and whether the Nazis were successful in fostering collaboration to secure the resources they required during World War II. These studies of the occupation regimes in Norway and Western Europe reveal that the Nazis developed highly sophisticated instruments of exploitation beyond oppression and looting. The authors highlight that in comparison to the heavy manufacturing industries of Western Europe, Norway could provide many raw materials that the German war machine desperately needed, such as aluminium, nickel, molybdenum and fish. These chapters demonstrate that the Nazis provided incentives to foster economic collaboration, hoping that these would make every mine, factory and smelter produce at its highest level of capacity. All readers will learn about the unique part of Norwegian economic collaboration during this period and discover the rich context of economic collaboration across Europe during World War II.

Author : Aaron G. Jakes
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 465 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2020-08-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9781503612624

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Egypt's Occupation by Aaron G. Jakes Pdf

The history of capitalism in Egypt has long been synonymous with cotton cultivation and dependent development. From this perspective, the British occupation of 1882 merely sealed the country's fate as a vast plantation for European textile mills. All but obscured in such accounts, however, is Egypt's emergence as a colonial laboratory for financial investment and experimentation. Egypt's Occupation tells for the first time the story of that financial expansion and the devastating crises that followed. Aaron Jakes offers a sweeping reinterpretation of both the historical geography of capitalism in Egypt and the role of political-economic thought in the struggles that raged over the occupation. He traces the complex ramifications and the contested legacy of colonial economism, the animating theory of British imperial rule that held Egyptians to be capable of only a recognition of their own bare economic interests. Even as British officials claimed that "economic development" and the multiplication of new financial institutions would be crucial to the political legitimacy of the occupation, Egypt's early nationalists elaborated their own critical accounts of boom and bust. As Jakes shows, these Egyptian thinkers offered a set of sophisticated and troubling meditations on the deeper contradictions of capitalism and the very meaning of freedom in a capitalist world.

Author : Tom Malleson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Democracy
ISBN : 0199368260

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After Occupy by Tom Malleson Pdf

What should progressive social movements after Occupy be aiming for? What is the underlying economic vision and what are the ultimate economic goals? This book provides an answer to these questions. The book investigates the fundamental aspects of the contemporary economy by providing a perspective that integrates both normative and empirical concerns.

Author : Janet Byrne
Publisher : Little, Brown
Page : 387 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2012-04-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780316220200

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The Occupy Handbook by Janet Byrne Pdf

Analyzing the movement's deep-seated origins in questions that the country has sought too long to ignore, some of the greatest economic minds and most incisive cultural commentators - from Paul Krugman, Robin Wells, Michael Lewis, Robert Reich, Amy Goodman, Barbara Ehrenreich, Gillian Tett, Scott Turow, Bethany McLean, Brandon Adams, and Tyler Cowen to prominent labor leaders and young, cutting-edge economists and financial writers whose work is not yet widely known - capture the Occupy Wall Street phenomenon in all its ragged glory, giving readers an on-the-scene feel for the movement as it unfolds while exploring the heady growth of the protests, considering the lasting changes wrought, and recommending reform. A guide to the occupation, The Occupy Handbook is a talked-about source for understanding why 1% of the people in America take almost a quarter of the nation's income and the long-term effects of a protest movement that even the objects of its attack can find little fault with.

Author : Mark B. Taylor
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2021-07-15
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781108483704

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War Economies and International Law by Mark B. Taylor Pdf

This book describes how international law regulates the problems that arise where economic activity meets violent conflict.

Author : Ernst Hermann Feilchenfeld
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1942
Category : International law
ISBN : UCAL:B3892110

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The International Economic Law of Belligerent Occupation by Ernst Hermann Feilchenfeld Pdf

Author : W. Erwin Diewert,John Greenlees,Charles R. Hulten
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 531 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2010-02-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226148571

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Price Index Concepts and Measurement by W. Erwin Diewert,John Greenlees,Charles R. Hulten Pdf

Although inflation is much feared for its negative effects on the economy, how to measure it is a matter of considerable debate that has important implications for interest rates, monetary supply, and investment and spending decisions. Underlying many of these issues is the concept of the Cost-of-Living Index (COLI) and its controversial role as the methodological foundation for the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Price Index Concepts and Measurements brings together leading experts to address the many questions involved in conceptualizing and measuring inflation. They evaluate the accuracy of COLI, a Cost-of-Goods Index, and a variety of other methodological frameworks as the bases for consumer price construction.

Author : Kenneth Hirth
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 467 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781108494700

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The Organization of Ancient Economies by Kenneth Hirth Pdf

This is the first book written that examines ancient and premodern economies from a comparative and cross-cultural perspective.

Author : Raphael Lemkin
Publisher : The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.
Page : 718 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : History
ISBN : 9781584775768

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Axis Rule in Occupied Europe by Raphael Lemkin Pdf

"In this study Polish emigre Raphael Lemkin (1900-1959) coined the term 'genocide' and defined it as a subject of international law"--Provided by publisher.

Author : John Maynard Keynes
Publisher : 北戴河出版
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2016-10-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Economic Consequences of the Peace by John Maynard Keynes Pdf

Author : David Ricardo
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 566 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1821
Category : Economics
ISBN : OXFORD:300151240

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On the Principles of Political Economy, and Taxation by David Ricardo Pdf