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OECD's first economic survey of the Indian economy. It opens with a broad overview of economic developments over the past twenty years, showing how India has grown to become the third largest economy in the world. It then examines a series of ...
India has been a growth champion in recent years and has succeeded in taming inflation, the current account deficit and non-performing loans. India's participation in the global economy has risen, with outstanding performances in some services, while the largest diaspora in the world is an asset in developing new markets. India has also lifted many millions of people out of poverty and has made access to housing for all a priority. Ambitious structural reforms -- including better targeted household support, financial inclusion initiatives, the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, the new approach to federalism and the corporate income tax reform -- have played a key role.
OECD's 2014 Economic Survey of India examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects. Special chapters cover health, the manufacturing sector and economic participation of women.
OECD's periodic review of India's economy. This edition includes chapters covering sustaining growth and improving living standards, fiscal policy, energy subsidies, financial reform, and education.
This 2017 OECD Economic Survey of India examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects. The special chapters cover tax reform and regional development.
OECD's first economic survey of the Indian economy, providing an overview of economic developments since 1980 and a series of recommendations in such policy areas as economic growth, competition policy, labour market policy, the financial system, the fiscal system, infrastructure, and education.
OECD's first economic survey of the Indian economy, providing an overview of economic developments since 1980 and a series of recommendations in such policy areas as economic growth, competition policy, labour market policy, the financial system, the fiscal system, infrastructure, and education.
OECD's twice-yearly analysis of the major trends and examination of the economic policies required to foster high and sustainable growth in member countries and major non-member countries. This issue makes projections to the end of 2008.
Improving the macroeconomic framework to support sustainable and inclusive growth. India enjoyed nearly a decade of strong economic growth sparked in part by structural reforms, during which poverty was cut in half. However, growth faltered between 2012 and 2014 as gains from past reforms diminished, and fiscal and monetary stimuli could no longer be sustained due to high inflation and current account deficit. External factors also played a role. As fiscal and monetary policies have been gradually tightened, the fiscal deficit and inflation have started to decline while the current account deficit has narrowed. Activity has rebounded in 2014 and is projected to accelerate but the implementation of reforms is critical. The government efforts to simplify regulations and administrative procedures should enhance rule of law. Still-high inflation, the fiscal deficit, rising nonperforming loans, and structural bottlenecks are also key downside risks. Large energy and fertiliser subsidies and delays in passing key tax reforms constrain the public investment in physical and social infrastructure, including education and health, needed for long-term growth and lower inequalities
Estonia’s economy continues to perform well, and growing incomes support well-being. However, the expansion has peaked, and growth is set to soften due to weak international demand. Prudent fiscal policy has resulted in low debt, but spending pressures related to meeting infrastructure needs and ageing are mounting. Old age poverty is high and the proposal to allow early withdrawal of pension funds threatens macroeconomic stability and pension adequacy. The gender wage gap is among the highest in the OECD, and inequalities in income and health are considerable, reflecting gaps in the social safety net. The oil-shale sector is highly energy-intensive and is the main culprit behind Estonia’s high greenhouse gas emissions, but reducing dependence on the sector is challenging, as it is an important employer and meets 70% of Estonia’s energy needs.
Greece’s economy had been expanding by nearly 2% for over three years before the COVID-19 shock. Structural reforms, high primary budget surpluses and debt measures underpinned Greece’s recovery and rising confidence. Then the COVID-19 pandemic struck, abruptly interrupting the recovery and adding new challenges to raising inclusiveness, competitiveness and growth.
OECD Economic Surveys: Switzerland 2019 by OECD Pdf
Swiss citizens continue to enjoy high living standards on a range of dimensions. Economic growth has slowed but the healthy labour market is still supporting incomes and consumption. However, risks to the outlook are building. Monetary policy has been very accommodative but low interest rates are adding to financial risks. Fiscal policy is sound and debt low. There is scope to make greater use of available fiscal space. Adapting to population ageing is becoming pressing. This trend, along with digital transformation, will bring new opportunities for the economy and society, but challenges as well. Policies have not kept up with rising life expectancy, particularly the statutory retirement age. Updating the pension system and lowering barriers to working longer would ensure that workers continue to receive adequate incomes during retirement.